Primary knowledge computer system (i)

A Turing machine is a prototype of a computer, and a diagram is simply a model that processes the input data and then outputs it:

So today, along the main line to the shallow level of "parsing" computer systems, first look at the computers this guy:

　　

0. Input device: The picture shows the mouse, the keyboard is obviously our input device, they through the IO Device Interface (7) access to the motherboard, and then can play its input function.

We input the data into this large box for processing operations by inputting the device.

1. Motherboard: The motherboard is placed on a variety of components, a variety of components through the motherboard of the chipset to communicate, so that the motherboard is a very important part of the computer host, Among them, the chipset includes North Bridge (3) and South Bridges (4). Since the north and South are responsible for communication between components on the motherboard, heat will be generated and the chipset will have a heatsink or heatsink.

　　　　North Bridge is responsible for the CPU and the main memory, graphics card connection, South Bridge and North Bridges and with the hard disk, network card and other external devices.

2.CPU (central processing Unit, CPU) (1)

CPU is a microprocessor with micro instruction set, according to the difference of instruction set, divided into RISC (thin instruction set) and CISC (complex instruction set)

　　　1) RISC: The number of micro-instructions is relatively small and concise, but more efficient, in dealing with complex problems, the instruction set appears more. ARM architecture for microprocessors

CISC: The number of micro-instructions is more complex, but the content of each instruction is more rich. INTEL AMD

2) 32-bit, 64-bit, x86, x86_64

32-bit CPU, 64-bit CPU refers to the CPU's addressing capacity, 32-bit CPU maximum addressing capacity of 4G

x86 architecture: CPU developed according to the 8086 architecture collectively referred to as the x86 architecture, different models of the CPU difference is the instruction set of different, advanced instruction set can even reduce energy consumption

x86_64 refers to a 64-bit cpu,x86 usually referred to as 32-bit CPU

3) Distribution of the operator controller registers in the CPU cache level two cache (L1 cache)4) The pin of the CPU5) CPU FSB and frequency multiplierCPU frequency is FSB x octaveThe so-called FSB refers to the frequency of the CPU and the external communication (the number of times a second running), and the CPU internal to a large number of data operations, so to speed up processingsuch as CPU bit 3Ghz, that is, the CPU 3*10^9 every second operation, FSB bit 331Mhz, the multiplier is 9     overclocking is generally referred to as changes to the CPU FSB 6) Multi-coreNative multicore: Physically there are two cores, each with its own separate busEncapsulation multicore: Multiple processing cores in one processorDual-core processor: Two processing cores in one processor 4. Main memoryDRAM (dynamic random memory)the same frequency as the CPU FSB5. Graphics cardmemory Level Two cache6. HDDinterface: IDE SATAPhysical Structure: CHS for disk, head, Sector (sector), track, cylinder (cylinder) hard drives refers to cylinders, heads, sectorscapacity of the hard disk =headers*sectors*cylinders*512byte the number of heads (Heads) indicates that the drive has a total of several heads, that is, a few sides of the platter, up to 255 (with 8 bits storage) The number of cylinders (cylinders) indicates that there are several tracks on each platter of the hard disk, up to 1023 (with 10 bits storage)
Number of sectors (sectors) indicates that there are several sectors on each track with a maximum of 63 (6 bits storage)  Cache (Memory read/write fast)
 7. Output device: The display on the image is obviously our output device, which is connected to the motherboard via the IO Device Interface (7), which enables it to function as an output display.

Primary knowledge computer system (i)