Problems with SQL segmentation in PHP files

SQL partition problem in PHP file
$query = ' SELECT * from authorized_users where name= "'. $userid. '" and Password=sha1 ("'. $password. '") ';
Is that the right thing to say?

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------Solution--------------------
strings are enclosed in single quotes.
------Solution--------------------
Reference:

$query = ' select * from authorized_users where name= "'. $userid. '" and Password=sha1 ("'. $password. '" )';
Is that the right thing to say?

$query = "SELECT * from Authorized_users where name= ' $userid ' and password= ' {SHA1 ($password)} '";
------Solution--------------------
$query = ' SELECT * from authorized_users where name= "'. $userid. '" and Password=sha1 ("'. $password. '") ';
Grammatically correct, but not readable

$query = "SELECT * from Authorized_users where name= ' $userid ' and password=sha1 (' $password ')";
Isn't that refreshing?

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