"Python" Python Basics

Source: Internet
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    源程序文件通常以.py为扩展名        #!/usr/bin/python               shebang,即执行脚本时通知内容要启动的解释器        import platform                 导入模块        print platform.uname()          打印执行结果     给予脚本执行权限,即可执行!         chmod +x first.py        ./first.py     Python程序可以分解为模块、语句、表达式、对象     

Python key elements

1) Basic Data type

    Integal类型(整型、布尔型)    浮点类型(浮点数、复数、十进制数字)        字符串

2) object reference (variable)

    Python将所有数据存为内存对象    变量是指向内存对象的引用    内建函数type()用于返回给定数据项的数据类型        >>> a = ‘hello‘        >>> type(a) str 变量命名规则: 不能数字开头,区分大小写,禁止使用保留字 注意: 变量名没有类型,对象才有 

3) Combining data types

    数据结构:通过某种方式组织在一起的数据元素的集合    常用的组合数据类型:        序列类型(   列表 []   元组()  字符串 )        集合类型( 集合 )         映射类型( 字典 )        注意:        组合数据类型也是对象,因此其可以嵌套        列表和元组并不真正存储数据,而是存放对象引用        内置函数len()可以测量长度            >>> l1 = [1,2,3,4] >>> len(l1) 4 

4) Logical operator

    身份操作符     is  判定左端对象引用是否相同于右端对象引用    比较操作符     <  >  <=  >=  !=  ==    成员操作符    in     not in    逻辑运算符    and or not 

5) Control flow statements

    控制流语句是过程式编程语言的基本控制机制    常见控制流语句    if    while    for...in    try

6) Arithmetic operators

    提供了完整的算术操作符  +  -  *   /   //  %    也可以使用增强的赋值操作符  +=  -=    注意:        同样的功能,使用增强型赋值操作符性能较好        int类型不可变

7) Input/output

    输出    print语句    输入    input()     raw__input()        print "String %format1 %format2 ..." %(variable1,varuable2,...)    简单例:    >>> num = 7.8    >>> print "The num is %f and %d" % (num,2) 7.800000 2 进阶如 


Example:>>> d = { ' x ' :32, ' y ' :27.490325,< Span class= "hljs-string" > ' z ' :65}  >>> print  "% (x) -10d% (y) 0.3g"%d 32 27.5 output two items, the first meaning is to take the dictionary d in the key named  10 represents a minimum width of 10,d represents a decimal integer, the second meaning is the value of the dictionary D with the key named  Y, 0 represents a 0 fill, a decimal point is used to divide the width of the field by precision, 3 means that the maximum number of characters in the print string is Span class= "Hljs-number" >3,g indicates that the exponent is less than-4 when using%e        

8) Creation and invocation of a function

The 
  function is the basic component for modular programming using def statement definition functions Python has a number of built-in functions in the standard library with many built-in modules, there are a number of function functions in the module have return values, default to None, you can also use  "return value" to define the return values syntax : def funcName  (arguments) : suite example : >>> def  Testfunc (arg1) : print arg1 >> > TestFunc ( "Hello fanison!") Hello fanison! >>> callable (TestFunc) True callable () can be used to test whether a function can call      

Statements and syntax

    注释     #    续行     \          ‘‘‘:闭合操作符,单一语句跨多行    代码组:    缩进相同(4字符)     首行关键字开始,以冒号结束    同一行放置多个语句以分号作为分隔符    import导入模块    

File structure

File Main program

    __name__指示模块应如何被加载        如果模块被导入,__name__的值是模块名字        如果模块直接执行,__name__的值是‘__main__‘

"Python" Python Basics

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