Quick setup of Nginx and its basic parameter configuration

This article mainly introduces the rapid construction of Nginx and its basic parameters of the configuration, has a certain reference value, now share to everyone, the need for friends can refer to

Quick setup and basic parameters of Nginx

First, Nginx Introduction

1. Nginx Description

Nginx is an open source and high-performance, reliable HTTP middleware, proxy services.

2. Common HTTP Services

• Httpd-apache

• IIS-Microsoft

• Gwe-google

• Tomcat-sun

Second, why Choose Nginx

1. IO multiplexing Epoll

What is IO multiplexing

I/O operations for multiple descriptors can be done alternately sequentially within a thread, which is called I/O multiplexing, where "multiplexing" refers to reusing the same thread.

What is Epoll

How

to implement IO multiplexing: Select, poll, Epoll

Select

Basic principle:
The Select function monitors file descriptors in 3 categories, Writefds, Readfds, and Exceptfds, respectively. After the call, the Select function blocks until a descriptor is ready (with data readable, writable, or except), or time-out (timeout Specifies the wait time, and if return is set to null immediately), the function returns. When the Select function returns, you can find the ready descriptor by traversing Fdset.

Select Cons:
1. There is a maximum limit on the number of file descriptors that can be monitored.
2. Linear scanning efficiency is low.

Epoll

Basic principle:
The epoll supports both horizontal and edge triggering, and the biggest feature is the Edge trigger, which only tells the process which FD has just become ready and only notifies once. Another feature is that Epoll uses the "Event" readiness notification method to register FD through EPOLL_CTL, and once the FD is ready, the kernel uses a callback mechanism similar to callback to activate the fd,epoll_wait to be notified.

Advantages of Epoll:
1. There is no limit to the maximum concurrent connection, the upper limit of the FD that can be opened is much larger than the minimum (1G of memory can listen to about 100,000 ports).
2. Efficiency gains, not polling, do not decrease as the number of FD increases in efficiency.
3. Memory copy, using mmap () file to map memory to accelerate message delivery to kernel space, that is, Epoll uses mmap to reduce replication overhead.

2. Lightweight

Fewer function modules

Modularity of code

3. CPU affinity (affinity) Good

CPU affinity (affinity) is a way to bind the CPU core and Nginx work process, each worker process is fixed on a CPU to execute, reduce the CPU cache miss, get better performance.

4. Sendfile

Three, the rapid construction and basic parameters of Nginx (CentOS7)

1. Yum-style Installation "Reference"

Create /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo the file and enter the following:

[Nginx]name=nginx repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/os/osrelease/$basearch/gpgcheck=0enabled=1

OS The optional values are centos the and rhel .
OSRELEASEfor the system version, for example, 6 and for 7 the 6.x and 7.x versions respectively.

Running the yum install -y nginx installation Nginx

Run nginx -v View Nginx version

[root~]# Nginx-vnginx version:nginx/1.14.0

2. Detailed compilation parameters

To view the compilation parameters at Nginx installation

Nginx-v

[root~]# Nginx-vnginx version:nginx/1.14.0built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k- FIPS Jan 2017TLS SNI support enabledconfigure arguments:--prefix=/etc/nginx--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx--modules-pa Th=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log-- Http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock-- Http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp-- Http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp-- Http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp--user=nginx--group=nginx--with-compat--with-file-aio-- With-threads--with-http_addition_module--with-http_auth_request_module--with-http_dav_module--with-http_flv_ Module--with-http_gunzip_module--with-http_gzip_static_module--with-http_mp4_module--with-http_random_index_moDule--with-http_realip_module--with-http_secure_link_module--with-http_slice_module--with-http_ssl_module-- With-http_stub_status_module--with-http_sub_module--with-http_v2_module--with-mail--with-mail_ssl_module-- With-stream--with-stream_realip_module--with-stream_ssl_module--with-stream_ssl_preread_module--with-cc-opt= '- O2-g-pipe-wall-wp,-d_fortify_source=2-fexceptions-fstack-protector-strong--param=ssp-buffer-size=4- Grecord-gcc-switches-m64-mtune=generic-fpic '--with-ld-opt= '-wl,-z,relro-wl,-z,now-pie '

Install the compilation parameters in detail "Reference"

compilation Options	function
--prefix=/etc/nginx	Configuration file Directory
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx	Executable file name and directory
--modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules	installation directory of Nginx dynamic module
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf	The Master profile name and the directory in which it resides
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log	Global error log file name and directory
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log	The name and directory of the primary request log file for the HTTP server
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid	Nginx.pid directory where the process ID file for the main process is stored
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock	directory where Nginx.lock
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp	Temporary files reserved by Nginx when the corresponding module is executed
--user=nginx --group=nginx	Set user and user groups for Nginx process startup
--with-http_random_index_module	Randomly select a random home page in the catalog
--with-http_stub_status_module	Nginx Client Status
--with-http_sub_module	HTTP content Substitution
--with-cc-opt=<parameters>	Setting additional parameters will be added to the cflags variable
--with-ld-opt=<parameters>	Set additional parameters, link system libraries

3. Detailed Installation Catalogue

View the installation location of all nginx files

RPM-QL Nginx

[root~]# rpm-ql nginx/etc/logrotate.d/nginx/etc/nginx/etc/nginx/nginx.conf/ Etc/nginx/conf.d/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params/etc/nginx/scgi_params/etc/nginx/uwsgi_ params/etc/nginx/koi-utf/etc/nginx/koi-win/etc/nginx/win-utf/etc/nginx/mime.types/etc/sysconfig/nginx/etc/ sysconfig/nginx-debug/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service/usr/ lib64/nginx/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/etc/nginx/modules/usr/sbin/nginx/usr/sbin/nginx-debug/usr/share/doc/ Nginx-1.14.0/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.14.0/copyright/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz/usr/share/nginx/usr/share/ nginx/html/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html/var/cache/nginx/var/log/nginx/usr/ Libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/check-reload/usr/libexec /initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/upgrade 

Default Path	type	function
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx	Configuration file	Nginx log rotation for log cutting of logrotate services
/etc/nginx /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf	Directory, configuration file	Nginx Master configuration file
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params /etc/nginx/uwsig_params /etc/nginx/scgi_params	Configuration file	CGI configuration-related, fastcgi configuration
/etc/nginx/koi-utf /etc/nginx/koi-win /etc/nginx/win-utf	Configuration file	Encoding conversion Mapping Conversion file
/etc/nginx/mime.types	Configuration file	Set the Content-type of the HTTP protocol to the extension name
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service /etc/sysconfig/nginx /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug	Configuration file	Used to configure how the System Daemon Manager is managed
/usr/lib64/nginx/modules /etc/nginx/mudules	Directory	Nginx Module Catalog
/usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx-debug	Command	Terminal commands for the startup management of Nginx Services
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.14.0 /usr/share/doc/nginx-1.14.0/COPYRIGHT /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz	Files, directories	Nginx manuals and Help files
/var/cache/nginx	Directory	Nginx Cache Directory
/var/log/nginx	Directory	Nginx Log Directory

Four, Nginx common commands

Command	explain
nginx [-c <配置文件>]	Start Nginx with the specified configuration file
nginx -s quit	Normal stop Nginx,nginx complete the accepted connection request before exiting.
nginx -s stop	Quickly stop Nginx, regardless of whether there is a request being processed.
nginx -s reload [-c <配置文件>]	Overloaded configuration Files
nginx -s reopen	Reopen log file
nginx -v	View version
nginx -V	To view compilation parameters at installation time
nginx -t [-c <配置文件>]	Check that the configuration file syntax is correct

nginx -s reloadcommand to load the modified configuration file, the following event occurs after the command is released

1. Nginx Master Process Check the correctness of the configuration file, if the error is returned error message, Nginx continue to work with the original configuration file (because the worker is not affected)

2. Nginx starts a new worker process with a new configuration file

3. Nginx assigns new request to new worker process

4. Nginx waits for all requests from the previous worker process to return, shutting down the associated worker process

5. Repeat the above process until all the old worker processes are shut down

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