"Capital" Reading notes (0) in order to understand the law of economics

"Capital" Reading notes (0) in order to understand the law of economics

+bit Wei Wei + quietly left in this version of a right letter said: write in front

I am reading Li Rui compiling Marx's book "Capital" published by Wuhan Publishing house. To pick up such a masterpiece is a natural necessity, because I am too interested in figuring out the laws of economics. I took a double degree course in business Administration during my college years, and my study of the economics part made me feel Taihu. Recently, there is time to study "capital", as far as the present feeling is concerned, the view of capital is based on scientific attitude.

So I'm going to write some notes while I'm reading, mainly by documenting the rigorous research process and conclusions in the capital in a way that is not rigorous but understandable . Based on years of experience as a student, this is useful for mastering knowledge.

Spoiler

Here is a conclusion of "capital", in an easy-to-understand way:

It is self-evident that slave owners exploit slaves in the slave society. The slave owner had almost no free occupation of all the work of the slaves.

In feudal society, the landlord (feudals) exploited peasants (civilians) is also very obvious, farmers should spend a certain amount of time to work for the landlord, or pay high 佃租. The landlord's house is rich in oil, and the farmer's house is hard to spare.

In capitalist societies, the exploitation of workers (white-collar, blue-collar) by capitalists (executives, financiers, and some corrupt officials) is a bit more obscure. On the one hand, a small number of capitalists occupy most of the wealth of society, a large number of workers get the wages (pension, social security) is very poor, once lost work soon cannot guarantee life. On the other hand, the capitalist society in the "democracy, freedom" of the signboard, said "human life and equality", no one forced you to choose your life path. But when you step into society, you feel a power forcing you to compromise (low wages also need to rob work, often overtime and dare not resign, boss bully you can only swallow). It's just that no one is standing up and forcing you to do what you have to do. You have the freedom to resign, but you will eventually have to find a job that is not of much quality. Whichever option you choose, the result won't be much better, just like choosing a shampoo. In essence, you are like a peasant who spends a certain amount of time every day working for the capitalists.

In general, it is impossible to be rich unless they are free to occupy the fruits of others ' labor. This fact, by a variety of public opinion is obscured, but in which, carefully realized that its existence is not erased. There's nothing new in the world.

+bit Wei Wei + quietly left in this version of a right letter said: Chapter One: Commodities

This chapter illustrates the following facts:

Commodity

People live in society, each person engages in their own industry, producing their own products (or services). Products include food, fruits and vegetables, cotton hemp, clothing, iron, wood, furniture .... A person needs to use their own products to exchange with other people's products to meet the needs of all aspects of life. The product used for Exchange is a commodity .

Value

No matter what the goods, first of all to be useful . Useful meaning, that is, food can eat not hungry, clothes can be put on warm (at the same time beautiful), iron can be brought to work, furniture can be used to display a variety of things ... This attribute of a commodity is called use value . As the name implies, can use, can be used by people, is to become a commodity premise. If the grain rots, it can no longer be a commodity. (Cheating doesn't count, because it's not mainstream)

Exchange value

Let's say we live in a small village, I'm a blacksmith. The village has no contact with other villages. (Global village is also a village)

Air is useful to man, but nobody buys or sells air, so air is not a commodity. This means that the commodity has another attribute, that is , the commodity has an exchange value. Only after people's work can get things, only have the exchange value. I worked hard for one months to build an axe, you take a bag of air to exchange with me, of course I think "not worth." "Not worth" means, it is not worth to take my axe and your bag of air exchange, your bag of air in the exchange of this matter does not have (enough) value.

Therefore, my one months of labor (axe) to use your one months of work to change, this is the normal exchange of equality. If you produce 12000 kilograms of grain a year, that is equivalent to one months of production of 1000 pounds, so your 1000 pounds of grain with my axe with an equal exchange value.

If one day, another blacksmith in the village (called him the Ox Blacksmith) invented a new forging method that can be used for 15 days to build an axe. most of the blacksmiths later learned the new forging method. Then the exchange value of the two axes equals 1000 pounds of grain. At the same time, whether I learned to use the new forging method or not, the exchange value of my axe had to be halved. (Market pricing, very reasonable)

Currency

In the exchange of this thing must be I need your product at the same time you need my product. But this is a very difficult situation. Often: I need your products, but you don't need me, you need him. So objectively the society needs a kind of things that we all need to mediate . The intermediary is ultimately located in Gold and silver. (in order to simplify the narrative, the gold represents it)

Gold can be divided infinitely, fusion, and exchange value is very high, carry, bigger business is more convenient.

+bit Wei Wei + quietly left in this version of a right letter said:

"Capital" Reading notes (0) in order to clarify the laws of economics