"Development of computer programming language" _ Wang

The original is an article in "Electronic engineer", the following is part of the content excerpt

Third-generation computer language:

Fortran language

It was mainly used for scientific computation, and the essential difference between it and the assembly language mnemonic was the introduction of the concept of variables. It lays the theoretical foundation of the programming language name, and introduces the concepts of expression, statement and subroutine, as well as the foundation of high-level programming language. Because of its high efficiency and perfect input and output function has been welcomed by people, so far in the field of scientific computing is still full of vitality.

Algol language

It has bred many useful program design and programming language ideas, such as free program format, reserved word, data type, sub-program concept, subroutine invocation mode, recursion, dynamic array, conditional statement and circular statement form, etc., these thoughts have influenced the design of programming language until now.

COBOL language

The main contribution is the concept of machine-independent data description (which is the originator of the main concept in database management system) and the grammatical structure like English. The advent of COBO L has made people realize that computers can not only be applied to scientific computing, but also can enter various transaction processing fields and widen the application scope of computers.

Lisp language

This is a fairly simple functional programming language for working with symbolic expressions. The concept of function and function in mathematics as its design principle lays the foundation of functional language.

Basic language

It allows more man-machine dialogue, easy to learn, easy to modify and debug, with a simple grammatical form and limited data structure and control structure, is still widely used. Its popularity is due to its simplicity, ease of implementation and high efficiency. It is not only used in a variety of scientific calculations, but also widely used in a variety of data processing, as well as teaching tools.

Pascal language

Pascal language is not only used as a teaching language, but also used as a system programming language and some applications. The so-called system programming language, is used in this language can write system software, such as operating system, compiler program. Pascal language is a safe and reliable language with strong data types. Grammar satisfies top-down design and structural programming. Pascal language absorbs many useful components of the ALGOL language, such as the structure of while and case statements, user-defined data types, and so on. In this way, the data abstraction of Pascal language enters a new level.

Ada language

The ADA language is developed on the basis of the Pascal language, which adds and expands numerical calculations, input/output, data abstraction, concurrency processing, real-time processing, exception handling, and machine-related facilities on the basis of the Pascal language. It embodies the excellent research results of software engineering, programming linguistics and Program design methodology, and can support program modularity, portability, extensibility, abstraction and information hiding, and help to develop and maintain programs efficiently. But the ADA language is too large and complex.

Prolog language

Prolog language is a logical programming language. Now, PRO log language has become the two major AI languages that are synonymous with Lisp language

C language

Developed on the basis of the BCPL language for the preparation of the UN IX operating system.

C language has a structure, is a structured language, clear level, easy to debug and maintenance; but it is not completely structured, because the C function allows the use of goto statements, functions can be transferred to each other, no nested relationship, in the same control flow or function to allow multiple exits; Concise statement, flexible writing, strong processing ability; Portability is good. The main disadvantage of C language is that it is not a strong type language, which affects security in a certain sense, moreover, the operator is more, the precedence is complex, and it is disadvantageous for beginners.

C + + language

C + + language is an object-oriented language developed on the basis of C language, which supports data abstraction and object-oriented style.

C + + language is the expansion of the C language, from the Simula of the class, from the Algol language to draw the operator a multi-use, reference and anywhere in the sub-program can be described variables, integrated Ada language of the genus and Clu language module features, formed an abstract class, from the ADA, CLU and ML and other languages suck up the exception handling and draw the annotation from the bcpl language using ∥ notation.

The C + + language maintains the advantages of compact, flexible, efficient and easy to transplant, and its support for data abstraction mainly lies in the class concept and mechanism, and the support of object-oriented style is mainly through virtual mechanism function. Because the C + + language has data abstraction and object-oriented ability, high performance, and the popularization of C language, the transition from C to C + + is smoother, and the compatibility degree of C + + language can make the large number of C language programs easy to reuse in C + + language environment, so c+ + Language in just a few years rapid popularity, become the current object-oriented programming of the mainstream language.

Java language

The Java language is a simple, object-oriented programming language for the network environment. The basic features of the Java language are:

Simple and easy to learn (it adheres to the principle of object-oriented, and avoids the complex concepts of one multi-use and multiple inheritance of operators)

Object-oriented (based on the persistence of object-oriented methods, Java provides a fairly simple class mechanism, and a productive interface model)

Suitable for network distribution environment (Java is a web-oriented language, through the class library it provides, can handle the TCP/IP protocol, can access other objects on the network through the URL address, can be more convenient to work with other computing nodes)

Explain execution and multithreading (Java interpreter can interpret Java's byte encoding directly, because it can get some compilation information from bytecode, which makes the connection process more simple)

Safe and robust (because Java provides automatic waste collection, object-oriented exception handling, automatic capture type description of common errors, all access to memory must be through the object instance variable implementation, etc., so that JAV can prevent partial failure, with a certain degree of security robustness)

"Development of computer programming language" _ Wang