Recommended 3 Partitioning tools for CentOS Linux

Brief introduction

With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more enterprises for the stability of the server more and more high, more and more enterprises began to use the Linux system to deploy their services, in order to efficient stability, of course any operating system needs a basic foundation, that is hard disk, and hard disk partition, Today to recommend some of the CentOS Linux partition tools and how to view the partition environment, will also give you some basic knowledge of hard disk

First, the interface type of the hard disk

Partition is sure to partition the hard disk, then first to talk about the hard disk interface type, hard disk is now divided into two categories, parallel interface and serial interface, now the server and the PC is generally a serial interface.

Parallel interface, divided into IDE and SCSI two interface, the disadvantage of parallel interface is that the electrical signal in the process of transmission will cause interference.

Interface Rate:

ide:133mb/s

scis:640mb/s

Serial interface, divided into Stat,sas,usb, three kinds of interfaces, our servers and PCs on the part of the SATA interface is also used

Serial:

sata:6gbps

sas:6gbps

usb:480mb/s

There are two types of disk partitioning modes, MBR, GPT two.

MBR mode

Mbr:master boot record,1982 year, use 32 bit to represent sector number, partition not more than 2T

The number of MBR modes that can be partitioned is: 4 primary partitions, 3 primary partition +1 extension (n logical partitions)

Of course, the hard disk in the partition requires a portion of space to store these partition information, this part of the space is 0 tracks 0 sectors: 512bytes.

Start 446bytes Store boot loader

Intermediate 64bytes Storage partition table, each 16bytes: identifies a partition

Last 2bytes: Store 55AA to indicate hard disk mode type

GPT mode

Gpt:guid (Globals Unique Identifiers) partition table supports 128 partitions with 64-bit support for 8Z (512byte/block) 64Z (4096byte/block)

Use a 128-bit UUID (universally Unique Identifier) to indicate that the disk and partition GPT partition tables are automatically backed up at the head and tail two parts, and have a CRC check bit

UEFI (Unified extension Firmware interface) hardware supports GPT, enabling the operating system to boot

Second, let's have a glimpse of Linux under the 3 partition tool capabilities.

Hale Fdisk.

Fdisk in Linux is a very old partition tool, although the tool is old, but simple convenience is the advantage of Fdisk, of course, Gdisk also inherited this advantage, they are very similar function, but the Fdisk tool is mainly used to partition MBR mode hard disk, The Gdisk tool is used to partition a GPT-mode hard disk, and here is a Fdisk tool. FDISK cannot partition more than 2T of disks because MBR mode does not support more than 2T partition formats.

FDISK, Gdisk Tools

Fdisk/dev/sdb

Fdisk-l [-u] [device ...] view hard disk and partition information

Common subcommands:

M Help List

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P Partition List

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L View Partition type

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t change the partition type

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n Create a new partition

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D Delete Partition

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W Save and exit

Fdisk partition, the operation is only in memory is not really partition of the hard disk, if you really need to save partition W

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Q Do not save and exit

Of course if you regret, input Q will not save the previous action

I'm going to do an experiment for you when the options are finished. Let's look at how this tool works.

[[email protected] ~] #fdisk  /dev/sdb              #对/dev/sdb to operate welcome to fdisk  (util-linux 2.23.2). changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to  Write them. Be careful before using the write command. command  (M FOR HELP): n                         #建立一个分区Partition  type:    p   primary  (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)     e   extendedSelect  (default p): p                            #分区类型为主分区, p is the primary partition, E is the extended partition partition number  (1-4, default 1): 1           #指定分区号First  sector  ( 2048-41943039, default 2048):  using default value 2048last sector, + sectors or +size{k,m,g}  (2048-41943039, default 41943039):  +2GPartition 1  of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is setCommand  (m  FOR HELP): t                         #指定分区标记类型Selected  partition 1hex code   (type l to list all codes):  82changed type of partition   ' Linux '  to  ' Linux swap / solaris ' command  (m for help):  w                          #保存操作the partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl ()  to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

Powerful partitioning tool parted

Parted

The partitioning of the parted tool is immediate, so use caution when partitioning, because you may accidentally partition the hard drive, so be cautious and cautious when using it.

Usage: parted [options] ... [Device [command [parameters] ...] ...]

Parted/dev/sdb Mklabel Gpt|msdos Specify the mode for the disk

PARTED/DEV/SDB Print Display disk information

Parted/dev/sdb mkpart primary/extended/logical 0 200 (default m) create partition type and size

Parted/dev/sdb RM 1 Delete partition

Parted-l displaying information for all disks

I'm going to do an experiment for you when the options are finished. Let's look at how this tool works.

[[email protected] ~] #parted  /dev/sdb mklabel gpt               #指定磁盘模式为GPTWarning:  the existing disk label  on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this  Diskwill be lost. do you want to continue? yes/no? yes                                                                  Information: You may  Need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~] #parted  /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0 2G       #创建分区, partitioningType primary partition, size 2gwarning: the resulting partition is not properly aligned  For best performance. ignore/cancel? i                                                             information: you may need to update  /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~] #parted  /dev/sdb print                     #查看磁盘信息                  model: vmware, vmware virtual  S  (SCSI) disk /dev/sdb: 21.5gbsector size  (logical/physical): 512b/512bpartition table: gptdisk flags: number  start    end     size    file system  name      flags 1      17.4kb  2000mb  2000mb                primary[[email  Protected] ~] #parted  /dev/sdb rm 1                     #删除分区1Information:  you may need  to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~] #parted  /dev/sdb print                    #再次查看磁盘信息  Model: VMware,  vmware virtual s  (SCSI) disk /dev/sdb: 21.5gbsector size  (logical/physicAL):  512b/512bpartition table: gptdisk flags: number  start  end   size  file system  name  flags

After the introduction of the partition will be introduced format

The formatted command can be used

Mkfs. File system Type Partitioning

#mkfs. ext4/dev/sdb1

After formatting, you can use the mounted

[[email protected] ~] #mkdir  /mnt/disk1                    #在/mnt/to build a disk1 directory [[email protected] ~] #mount  /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk1         #将格式化号的分区挂载到/mnt/disk1 flower Girl [[ Email protected] ~] #df  -h                              # View mounts and Usage filesystem      size  used avail use% mounted  on/dev/sda2        10G  4.5G  5.5G   45% /devtmpfs        898m     0   898M   0% /devtmpfs            912m   88k  912m   1% /dev/shmtmpfs            912M  9.0M  903M   1% /runtmpfs            912M     0  912M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1      1014M  169M   846M  17% /boottmpfs            183m   20k  183m   1% /run/user/0/dev/sdb1        1.9g  5.7m  1.7g   1% /mnt/disk1

Mkswap formatting swap-type partitions

After formatting requires Swapon to enable the formatted partition

Boot Auto mount requires that these configurations be written to/etc/fstab

Specific mounting methods will be explained in detail later.

[[email protected] ~] #free  -h                #先看一下swap的大小                total        used         free      shared  buff/cache   availablemem:            1.8G         483M        429M          10M        911M         1.1GSwap:          2.0G           0b        2.0g[[email protected]  ~] #mkswap  /dev/sdb1      #格式化/DEV/SDB1 Partition mkswap: /dev/sdb1: warning: wiping old  Ext4 signature. setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1953104 kibno label,  Uuid=5d9a150e-c247-4c7f-a4be-273a72bd3b5a[[email protected] ~] #swapon  /dev/sdb1       #启用swap分区 [[email protected] ~] #free  -h                #再次查看swap大小                total        used         free      shared  buff/cache    availableMem:           1.8G         484M        427M          10m        911m         1.1GSwap:          3.9G           0b        3.9g

If there is a next issue, you will be presented with the Mount Mount, soft RAID technology, and logical volume configuration method.

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Recommended 3 Partitioning tools for CentOS Linux