Relationship between temperature and cable Performance

Channel bandwidth is one of the most important parameter indicators for judging communication and wiring performance. The bandwidth size is affected by environmental factors, and the most influential factor is temperature.
In a copper cabling system, the bandwidth is usually expressed by the bandwidth of A-meter twisted pair channel in MHz. Channel bandwidth refers to the channel frequency range without changing the signal-to-noise ratio. The difference between the next-generation standard, for example, 6 or 7, and the original low-level standard lies in the difference in available (valid) bandwidth. The relationship between Bandwidth and information transmission capability was discovered by cldeshannon a long time ago. This rule is called Shannon's law. In general, higher bandwidth in the cabling system means higher data transmission rates.
There is a basic relationship between the channel bandwidth measured in MHz and the information transmission capability or data transmission rate measured in Mb/s. You can use the traffic flow of the main highway to describe the relationship between Bandwidth and data transmission rate. The bandwidth can be used as the number of lanes on the expressway, and the data transmission rate can be used as the traffic or the number of vehicles passing through each hour. One way to expand traffic is to widen the expressway, while the other is to improve road surface quality and eliminate bottlenecks. Similarly, it is possible to enable each Hz frequency in the available bandwidth to carry more information bits, but this requires a better signal-to-noise ratio.
Today, most LAN systems need to control the noise source from the near-end crosstalk between the transmission line pair and the receiving line pair. When all the nearby crosstalk sources are taken into account, the signal-to-noise ratio measured in decibels is the same as the cumulative power attenuation crosstalk ratio (PSACR. The advantage of the six standards is that the cumulative power attenuation crosstalk ratio (PSACR) is controlled within the frequency range of MHz bandwidth within a range greater than zero, the available bandwidth can be twice that of the five cabling systems.

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Factors Affecting bandwidth
A Class 6 standard channel should be designed to have lower signal attenuation and better near-end crosstalk characteristics than Class 5 standard channels. Lower signal attenuation can be achieved through the use of copper media cables of a slightly heavier specification, with a diameter between 0.5mm (24AWG) and 0.6mm (23AWG. Two available cables are included in the scope of TIA's 6 standard specifications. At MHz bandwidth, the signal attenuation of these six types of cables is nearly 2 dB and 4 dB lower than that of the five types of cables. In the same MHz bandwidth, the two types of 6 cables are nearly 12 to 18 decibels lower than the near-end Crosstalk of the five types of cables.

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-Two Types of six types of Cable Structures

Temperature Effect
Signal Attenuation of cables is greatly affected by temperature. Each time the temperature increases by 10 degrees Celsius, the signal attenuation of the cable increases by 4%. This means that the signal attenuation of the 92.6-meter cable at 40 degrees Celsius is the same as that of the 100-meter cable at 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the effect of temperature on signal attenuation is much greater than that of many other environmental factors.
The effect of temperature on bandwidth is so significant. Table 1 compares the bandwidth values of enhanced 5 standard cabling systems and 6 standard cabling systems at different temperatures.

Temperature Effect
Signal Attenuation of cables is greatly affected by temperature. Each time the temperature increases by 10 degrees Celsius, the signal attenuation of the cable increases by 4%. This means that the signal attenuation of the 92.6-meter cable at 40 degrees Celsius is the same as that of the 100-meter cable at 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the effect of temperature on signal attenuation is much greater than that of many other environmental factors.
The effect of temperature on bandwidth is so significant. Table 1 compares the bandwidth values of enhanced 5 standard cabling systems and 6 standard cabling systems at different temperatures.

Bandwidth	Enhanced Category 5	Draft 6a	IBDN2400	6b draft	IBDN4800
20 degrees Celsius	115 MHz	200 MHz	Over 200 MHZ	250 MHz	Over 300 MHZ
40 degrees Celsius	100 MHz	180 MHz	190MZH	225 MHz	300 MHZ

Cables are usually installed in a place with high ambient temperatures such as ceiling and air duct. A recent study by the University of California's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory showed that the temperature of Exhaust pipes in many steel-concrete buildings can reach 49 degrees Celsius in the Midsummer season. However, the temperature of cables may be high in factories and other environments.
We recommend that you use low-attenuation cabling systems to meet the requirements of 6 standard cabling systems to reach the target bandwidth of MHz at a reasonable minimum temperature of 40 degrees Celsius.