Router interface configuration and management--7

Wan Interface Configuration

Nine, PON interface configuration and management

PON (Passive Optical Network, passive optical networks) is a recently developed point-to-multipoint fiber access technology, is a pure media network, the use of optical fiber to achieve data, voice and video access to all services. The Pon interface includes the Epon interface and the Gpon interface to provide high rate data transfer.

1. Pon overview

The PON network does not contain any active electronic devices, all of which consist of passive optical devices. The PON network has a better business transparency and can in principle be used for any format and rate signal. has gradually become the mainstream bearer technology of next generation access network.

1) PON System composition

The PON system consists of three parts, the optical line terminal Olt (Optical line Terminal), the optical wiring network ODN (Optical distribution networks) and the Optical Network unit ONU (Optical) , the enterprise through 1PON high-speed access to the Internet.

2) Upper and lower line principle

In the PON system, the data transmission direction of Olt to ONU is called the downward direction, whereas the upstream direction. The Pon interface on the AR G3 series routers is called the Pon upstream interface. The data transmission principle is different in the upper and lower directions.

--Downward direction: Olt uses broadcast mode, IP data, voice, video and other services, through the 1:N passive optical wiring Network (ODN) also known as passive optical splitter distribution to all ONU units. When the data signal reaches ONU, ONU is judged on the physical layer based on the logical identification of the OLT, and receives its own data frame, discarding the data frames to other ONU.

--Upstream direction: A variety of business information from various ONU, using TDMA (time division Multiple access, time division multiple Access) technology, the time-sharing gap does not interfere with each other through the 1:N passive optical wiring Network (ODN) coupled to the same fiber, eventually sent to the Olt.

3) Epon and Gpon

PON technology has two kinds of epon and gpon, and their technical standards are developed by IEEE802.3AH Working Group and Itu/fsan respectively.

Epon is an Ethernet-based passive optical network that combines Ethernet technology with PON technology to provide up-and-down symmetrical 1.25gbit/s line transmission rates to achieve a point-to-multipoint structure of the Gigabit Ethernet fiber access system.

The Gpon technical feature is the encapsulation mapping of various services such as Ethernet, TDM, ATM, and 1.25gbit/s in two layers using the ITU-T defined GFP (Generic Framing Procedure, Universal Framing Protocol). s two downstream rate and 155mbit/s, 622mbit/s, 1.25gbit/s, 2.5gbit/s several upstream rate, and has the strong OAM (operation, management and maintenance) function. Gpon has the advantage in high-speed and multi-service support, but with high technical complexity costs.

2. Configure Epon interface

Epon interface configuration Tasks mainly include the following three aspects:

1) Configure the operating mode

In order to realize the smooth docking between the device and the Olt that supports Epon mode, the user can choose the device to work in adaptive mode or manually configure the Pon interface of the device via the port mode epon PON interface command to make it work in Epon mode. It is recommended to use adaptive mode, but adaptive mode can only be adapted successfully once.

2) Configure ONU authentication parameters

The OLT needs to certify the validity and legality of the ONU.

These three authentication methods can be used alone or in combination, but the authentication parameters configured on the ONU are pre-allocated by the Olt and cannot be configured by the user.

3) (optional) Configure Optical module parameters

The main configurable Epon interface module parameters include light module illumination mode, optical module bias current alarm low threshold and high gate limit, optical module transmit optical power alarm low threshold and high gate limit value, optical module temperature alarm low threshold and high gate limit value, optical module voltage alarm low threshold and high gate limit value.

3. Configuring the Gpon Interface

Configuration tasks for the Gpon interface

1) Configure the operating mode

The PON default is adaptive mode and can be configured manually using port mode gpon.

2) Configure authentication parameters

The authentication parameters configured on the ONU are pre-allocated by the Olt and cannot be configured by the user, and can be configured using the Gpon-password cipher Password command in the Pon interface view. The Gpon system authenticates the ONU in three ways: only SN authentication, using only the combination of password or SN and password.

3) (optional) Configure Optical module properties

The same as the Epon interface Optical module properties are configured exactly.

4. Pon Interface Management

1) Display Epon-info interface pon interface-number: View Epon interface information, including the light emitting mode of EPON interface, signal synchronization, logical link identification, encryption switch status, encryption mode, loopback mode, MAC address, Password, logical identification, check code and other information.

2) Display Pon-transceiver interface pon interface-number: View Pon Interface optical module information, including see the Pon interface Optical Module Optical wave length, identification, transmission distance, version information, bias Current, supply voltage and other information.

3) Display Pon-statistic interface pon interface-number: View PON interface traffic statistics, including see Pon interface receive frame, receive byte, up and down Ethernet frame statistics, up and down line real-time traffic, etc.

4) Reset Pon-statistic interface pon Interface-number: Clears the message statistics for the specified epon and Gpon interfaces.

Ten, ADSL interface configuration and management

ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line, asymmetric subscriber lines) is an asymmetric transmission technology, using the unused high-frequency segment of the ordinary telephone line to achieve high-speed data transmission on twisted-pair copper wire. When the router is deployed as a CPE (Customer premises equipment, client device), in order to enable the normal transmission of the ADSL line, the first thing to do is to activate the ADSL interface, then configure the uplink parameters of the ADSL interface, and finally activate the ADSL interface.

1. ADSL Overview

ADSL uses the Frequency division multiplexing technology to divide the ordinary telephone line into the common telephone channel, the uplink channel, the downlink channel. This avoids crosstalk between each other and provides channel-data service e1/t1, Frame Relay, IP, and ATM.

Technology evolution of ADSL

g.992.1 (G.DMT), g.992.2 (G.lite) is the ITU release of the first generation of ADSL standard, support uplink rate 640kbit/s to 2mbit/s, downlink 1mbit/s to 8mbit/s, effective transmission distance 3~5km. In 2002, the ITU released two new standards for ADSL (g.992.3 and g.992.4), also known as ADSL2. In 2003, a new generation of ADSL2 standards was developed g.992.5, also known as adsl2+.

Adsl2/adsl2+ uses the same frequency band as ADSL, with the following features:

1) Higher transfer rate: ADSL2 theoretically the fastest downward rate is 12mbit/s, the upstream rate is 1mbit/s;adsl2+ to the use of the spectrum to expand, downlink maximum transmission rate of up to 24mbit/s, upstream 1mbit/s.

2) transmission distance farther: ADSL can reach the normal rate around 3km, the user line is up to 5km, and the rate is only 3km 1/4, and adsl2+ distance up to 6km.

3) Lower power consumption: generation ADSL Regardless of whether the transmission of data, the power is always the same, adsl2/2+ support transceiver in the data transfer rate is low or no data transfer into the sleep state.

2. ADSL System structure

The ADSL system consists of an office-side device Dslam (digital subscriber line access multiplexer, a user-user-cable multiplexer) and a customer-side device CPE.

In the ADSL system, the data transmission direction of the DSLAM to the CPE is called the downward direction, the opposite is the upstream direction, so the ADSL interface of the router is also called the ADSL uplink interface.

3. ADSL Main Features

The AR G3 router supports the ADSL interface via an ADSL single board (adsl-a/m or adsl-b/j interface card)

1) ADSL line activation

Line activation refers to the consultation between the station equipment and the CPE equipment, including the transmission standard, the uplink and downlink line rate, the specified noise tolerance, and the detection of the line distance and the status of the line, to confirm that the CPE equipment can work under the above conditions. If the negotiation is successful, a communication connection is established with the CPE device called Interface activation.

After the device is started, the ADSL interface automatically enters the activation state, as long as the line is good, the interface is always active, but when the ADSL interface needs to configure the upstream line parameters to achieve the CPE and end device docking, the ADSL interface must first be activated, and then configure the ADSL uplink line parameters, and finally reactivated.

2) Uplink line parameters of the ADSL interface

Parameters include transmission standard, bit switch, seamless adaptive rate switch, and grille-coded switch.

---ADSL transmission standard

When the router is deployed as a CPE, the selected transport standard needs to be consistent with the local side, and it is recommended to configure the transport standard as an adaptive method.

---bit switching

During the line activation process, each sub-channel calculates the signal-to-noise ratio and the bearer bit independently, but after the line activates, the signal-to-noise ratio of the line may change due to external environmental factors, and some sub-channel's Snr becomes smaller, which can cause the line to fall off. The purpose of the bit switching is to allow these low Snr sub-channels to transfer some of their bits to the higher signal-to-noise sub-channel, or to reduce the signal-to-noise comparison of the transmission power on the Gaozishin channel, the additional transmit power to the lower Snr sub-channel, by increasing the transmit power to improve the SNR, thereby reducing the bit error The line will not renegotiate during this dynamic adjustment process.

---seamless rate adaptive

When the line environment becomes bad, through bit switching can not meet the line error requirements, can rely on the SRA (seamless rate adaptation, seamless speed adaptive) technology to solve. It dynamically and seamlessly adjusts the speed of the line without having to reactivate the line.

---grating coding

It means to achieve better coding benefit by special coding algorithm, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio gain of the line. The activation rate is significantly higher than when the grid code is not turned on.

4. Configure the ADSL interface

The main configuration tasks of ADSL interface include three aspects:

1) To activate the ADSL interface

The default is activated, the ADSL interface must be activated, and then the ADSL parameter is configured

2) Configure the uplink line parameters of the ADSL interface

The ADSL interface configures the transmission standard, bit switching function, seamless rate adaptive function and grid coding function, but all need to be consistent with the local side, otherwise it can not establish communication with the local equipment.

3) activating the ADSL interface

5. ADSL Interface Management

1) Display DSL interface ATM Interface-number: Check the status information of the ADSL interface, including checking that the ADSL interface is successfully negotiated with the local ADSL interface, the transmission standard configured by the interface, the line status information, performance statistics, Bit switching, seamless rate adaptation, grid coding, and single Board version information.

2) Display interface ATM "Interface-number": View the configuration amount of the ADSL interface performance statistics.

6, ADSL interface Uplink configuration Example :

1) To activate the interface atm1/0/0

[Huawei]interface ATM 1/0/0
[Huawei-atm1/0/0]shutdown

2) Configure the ADSL uplink line parameters according to the configuration of the local equipment parameters

[HUAWEI-ATM1/0/0]ADSL Standard adsl2+! --Configure the device's ADSL interface transmission standard to adsl2+
[Huawei-atm1/0/0]adsl Bitswap on! --Configure the device's ADSL interface bit switch
[Huawei-atm1/0/0]adsl SRA off! --Turn off the ADSL interface of the device seamless speed adaptive switch
[HUAWEI-ATM1/0/0]ADSL Trellis on! --Open the device's ADSL interface Grille encoder switch

3) Activating the interface atm1/0/0

[Huawei-atm1/0/0]undo shutdown
[Huawei-atm1/0/0]quit

Xi. VDSL interface Configuration and management

VDSL (High-speed digital subscriber loop) is a DSL based on the integration of various interface protocols to obtain higher transmission rates by multiplexing the upload and down pipelines. Use the low-cost twisted pair to upload a LAN-connected service to the upper device using the VDSL line.

Compared with ADSL, the VDSL VDSL upstream rate is 0.8mbit/s~6.4mbit/s, and the downlink rate is 6.5MBIT/S~52MBIT/S,VDSL both for asymmetric transmission and symmetric transmission.

VDSL system is also mainly composed of the dslam of the local equipment and the user-side equipment CPE.

The data transmission direction of the DSLAM to the CPE is called the downward direction, whereas the upstream direction. The VDSL interface is also known as the VDSL upstream interface.

1. Main characteristics of VDSL

1) VDSL working mode

The VDSL interface supports two modes of operation:

---ATM mode: The VDSL line is loaded with ATM cells (the packet length is fixed at 53 bytes), which is the PPPOA VDSL leased line mode.

---ptm mode: The VDSL line is carrying an Ethernet message, which is the PPPoE VDSL dialing mode. Since it is not necessary to slice an Ethernet frame into an ATM cell, eliminating the overhead of a 1 483 B/1 483 R protocol encapsulation, AAL5 frames, and ATM cells in an ATM transmission mode, the PTM Mode Transport Ethernet service is significantly more efficient than ATM mode.

When deploying a router as a CPE, the choice of which mode of operation is determined by the local side.

2) VDSL Line activation

Line activation refers to the consultation between the station equipment and the CPE equipment, including the transmission standard, the uplink and downlink line rate, the specified noise tolerance, and the detection of the line distance and the status of the line, to confirm that the CPE equipment can work under the above conditions. If the negotiation is successful, a communication connection is established with the CPE device called Interface activation.

After the device starts, the VDSL interface automatically enters the activation state, when the VDSL interface needs to configure the upstream line parameters to achieve the CPE and end device docking, the VDSL interface must be activated, and then configure the VDSL upstream line parameters, and finally reactivated.

3) VDSL Parameters

The VDSL interface parameters in ATM mode include transmission standard, bit switch, seamless adaptive rate switch and GRID-coded switch.

2. Configuring the VDSL interface in ATM mode

The VDSL interface in ATM mode is a carrier of ATM cells.

Configuration tasks:

1) Configure the VDSL interface to work in ATM mode

2) To activate the VDSL interface

3) Configure upstream line parameters

4) activating the VDSL interface

3. Configuring the VDSL interface in PTM mode

The VDSL interface configuration in the PTM mode is simple, with the following two main aspects:

1) Under System View, configure the VDSL interface to work in PTM mode through the set Workmode slot Slot-id VDSL {ATM | ptm} command. The default is the PTM pattern.

2) Configure the IP address for the VDSL interface via the IP address ip-address {mask | mask-length} "SUB" command in the VDSL interface view.

4. VDSL Interface Management

1) Display DSL interface ATM Interface-number: View the status information for the VDSL interface in ATM mode, including viewing whether the VDSL interface negotiated successfully with the local VDSL interface, the transport standard configured by the interface, the line status information, Performance statistics, bit switching, seamless rate adaptation, and whether the grille-coded switch is open.

2) Display Interface ATM Interface-number: View configuration and performance statistics for VDSL interfaces in ATM mode

3) Display Interface Ethernet Interface-number: View configuration and status information for the VDSL interface in the PTM operating mode.

5, VDSL interface Upstream configuration example :

Known VDSL line parameters: Transmission standard for adaptive mode, bit switch and grille-coded switch on, seamless rate adaptive switch off.

Specific configuration:

1) Configure the VDSL interface of the device to operate in ATM mode

[Huawei]set workmode slot 1 VDSL ATM

2) To activate the interface ATM1/0/0VDSL interface

[Huawei]interface ATM 1/0/0
[Hauwei]shutdown

3) Configure VDSL upstream line parameters according to the configuration of the local equipment parameters

[HUAWEI-ATM1/0/0]ADSL Standard Auto!] VDSL interface Transport standard for---configuration device for adaptive mode
[Huawei-atm1/0/0]adsl Bitswap on! --Open the device's VDSL interface bit switch
[Huawei-atm1/0/0]adsl SRA off! --Seamless rate adaptive switch for turning off the VDSL interface of the device
[HUAWEI-ATM1/0/0]ADSL Trellis on! --Open the device's VDSL interface Grille encoder switch

4) Activating the interface atm1/0/0

[Huawei-atm1/0/0]undo shutdown

Router interface configuration and management--7