SAP FI-Fiscal year variants

Usually a period of twelve months for which a company regularly creates financial statements and checks inventories.
The company usually produces financial statements and stock counts for each period divided by the month.

The fiscal year could correspond exactly to the calendar year, but that's not obligatory.
In the SAP system, the fiscal year can be consistent with the date on the calendar, but not mandatory.

Under certain circumstances a fiscal year is less than twelve months (shortened fiscal year).
In some special cases, the fiscal year may be less than 12 months (shortened fiscal year)

A fiscal year was divided into posting periods. Each posting period are defined by a start and a finish date. Before you can post documents, your must define posting periods, which in turn define the fiscal year.
A fiscal year is divided into a number of accounting periods. Each billing period has a definite starting and ending date. Before accounting, you must also define the billing period.

In addition to the posting periods, you can also define special periods for year-end closing.
In addition to the billing period, you can also define special billing periods for year-end closing.

You can define the following characteristics for a fiscal year variant:

How many posting periods a fiscal
How many special periods need
How the system was to determine the posting periods when posting

Defining fiscal year variants is, in effect, defined: There are several accounting periods in a fiscal year that require several special billing periods during which the system determines the accounting period.

In IMG, locate the node that sets the fiscal year variable:

You can see some examples of the system's own when you click into it:

Click the New button to create a new fiscal year variable. If you are billed as a regular calendar month (the beginning of the fiscal year is January 1, the last day of the period is the last day of the calendar month), the calendar year is checked and the number of accounting periods is set to 12.

If you do not routinely divide the billing period by the month of the calendar year, the calendar year is not checked. For example, when a company has a half-month period, there are 24 periods a year, select the year variable, double-click the period under dialog structure, set the following:

The figure above shows the company January 15 ago for the first period, January 16-31st for the second period, and so on.

Annual-related (Year-dependent): Applies only to a specific year, after which you must set the billing period, the period start and end date, and so on for each journal year.

Special posting periods that subdivide the last regular posting period for closing operations.
A special billing period is a subdivision of the last accounting period for year-end closing operations.

When posting to special periods, you must take the following into consideration:

The posting date must fall within the last regular posting period.
You have to enter the special periods in the Period field, since the special periods cannot is dete Rmined automatically by the system.
During the special bookkeeping period, the accounting date must be in the last period of the fiscal year, and the special period number must be entered manually in the header when entering the accounting voucher, because the special period cannot be determined by the system identification.

You can assign the same fiscal year variable to different company codes.

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