Server Technology Fundamentals

1, server/client difference:

? server server

– Functionally, it is responsible for listening for service requests submitted by other clients on the network and providing the appropriate services.

– From a communication object, it is usually a one-to-many

– specifically to hardware, it is a high-performance computer in a networked environment, which is what we typically call a server

? Guest Client

– Functionally, it is responsible for submitting service requests to the server (server) and receiving responses that are fed back to the user.

– From a communication object, usually one

– On hardware, client performance is typically much lower than server

? The boundaries between server and client are increasingly blurred--p2p

? The common denominator of server and PC

– The hardware composition of the server and PC is basically the same, and it is composed of motherboard, CPU, memory and hard disk.

More and more server technologies are used in – PC machines.

? Processor: 64-bit, multi-core

? Memory: Checksum, mirroring

? HDD: RAID

– In small networks where applications are relatively simple, high-end PCs are often used as the role of low-end servers.

– The same protocol is followed when the server communicates with the PC

? The difference between a server and a PC

– Stability

The server needs to run 24x7, while the PC requires only 5x8 hours to run

– Computing power

The server needs to respond to many client requests in a timely manner, while the PC is operated by only a few users

– Graphical Display

? The PC interacts directly with the user, while the server is in the background, communicating only with the client

– Multi-Machine collaboration

? servers can be made up of multiple units to provide services together, while PCs often work independently

– Hardware Redundancy

? servers often have redundant configurations on critical components, such as power supplies, fans, etc., and PC is seldom considered

– Manageability

? The server integrates a variety of hardware monitoring components for remote monitoring and control, while the PC basically does not

– Processor

? The server has a wide range of CPUs, including RISC and CISC architectures, and PCs typically have only CISC

? servers tend to have multiple processors, while PCs usually have only 1

Memory

? The server memory slot is far more than the PC, generally more than 8, PC often less than 4

? The server uses ECC, registered, Chipkill, hot spare, image and other technologies to ensure the reliability of the data, the PC basically does not

? server memory tends to support hot swapping, while PC does not support

– HDD

? The server supports high-speed interfaces such as SCSI and SAS, and the PC usually supports common interfaces such as IDE and SATA.

? server hard disk often uses hardware RAID technology to protect data, PC generally only software RAID technology

– Network

? The server often has more than 2 cards, the PC usually only 1 pieces

? The server often uses some special custom network, such as InfiniBand, Myrinet, etc., PC machine usually only uses Ethernet

2. History of Server Development

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2. x86 Server History

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3. Server Development Trend

• A core node on a network that hosts a variety of application systems.
• The deployment is becoming more and more centralized, focusing on the network center or data center, with dedicated room.
• Increasingly intensive, rack-mounted and blades become mainstream.
• Tightly integrated with storage to form the core.
• Multi-Core processors
• Blade Server for Mainstream
• Server Energy Saving Technology
• Utility server (virtualized server)
• Server Monitoring Management
• High Performance Computers Standard
• Reconfigurable Computing
• Flow-Type structure

4. Server classification

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? CISC: "Complex instruction set Computing", complex instruction set calculation. The x86 platform is often called the CISC architecture.

? RISC: "Reduced instruction set Computing", simplified instruction set calculation. RISC servers are typically paired with proprietary UNIX operating systems.

? EPIC: "Explicitly Parallel instruction Computing", showing parallel instruction set calculations.

Memory Access mode:

? UMA

– All processors in the system have access to all memory space

– Memory Unified Addressing

– Consistent speed of access

? NUMA

– Each processor has its own local memory and is globally shared through software

– Logical, Unified addressing

– Access to local memory is much faster than other processors ' memory

? NORMA

– Each processor has its own local memory and no other processors can access

– Physical/Logical multi-address space

– Data exchange between processors via message-passing patterns

Server structure:

? PVP

– Parallel vector processor with vector processors parallel machine

? SMP

– Symmetric multiprocessor, all processors can directly access any memory address, and access latency, bandwidth, probability are equivalent, the system is symmetric

? DSM

– Distributed shared memory, local memory of the processor is globally shared via hardware

? MPP

– Massively parallel processors with a specially designed and customized internetwork that can scale to thousands of CPUs

? Cluster

– Cluster, a complete, independent server node, connected with a standard network for unified scheduling and management.

? Constellation

– Cluster system built with 16 + processor-based server nodes

5. Server evaluation System

Qualitative system: Scalable, easy to use, easy to manage "monitoring", usability or reliability "redundancy and 7x24". (also known as the Suma standard)

Quantitative system: each hardware indicator.

? Cpu

– instruction set, frequency, theoretical peak, Cache, memory controller, fetch bandwidth, bus bandwidth, power consumption, virtualization

? memory

– type, capacity, frequency, bandwidth, power, checksum

? hard disk

– Interface, RPM, capacity, Cache, hot swap

? network

– Chip, bandwidth, latency, network interface, NIC interface

? chipset

– Manufacturer, model, function, parameter

Server evaluation system: SPEC, TPC and HPCC

– Datum points – can be measured and judged according to the criteria.

There are different systems that produce a variety of performance testing procedures.

Reliability Evaluation: Humidity temperature Experiment, vibration experiment, impact experiment, crash experiment, drop experiment.

6. Server Compulsory authentication standard

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Server Technology Fundamentals