Several common Linux commands and common Linux commands

Several common Linux commands and common Linux commands

Ls

Purpose: view files in the directory

Format: directly view the current directory by ls, or the ls parameter/directory name.

Parameter:-l View Details

-A: Show Hidden Files

. Indicates the current directory

.. Parent directory

-G: Mark different types of files with different colors (commonly used in mac OS, ubuntu default ls = ls-G)

Pwd

Purpose: view the path

Format: directly view the current path through pwd or the pwd directory name.

Cd

TIPS:

Cd or cd ~ Return to/home

Cd-Return to the last switched directory

Cd/return to the root directory

Date

View system time

Hwclock

View bios time

Shutdown command:

Shutdown

Format: shutdown Parameter

-R restart (-r + minutes) (-r now)

-H Shutdown (-h + min) (-h now)

-C command to cancel Shutdown

Init

Function: switches the system level.

Format: init 0-6

Init 0 is used to immediately switch the system running level to 0, that is, shutdown

Init 6 is used to immediately switch the system running level to 6, that is, restart

Reboot

Restart

Runlevel

View the current system running level

Switch to the graphic interface on the Character interface:

1. startx

Only the graphic interface is started, and the system running level is not switched

2. init 5

Switch system running level

! $ Last parameter of the previous command

Echo prints the value or string of a variable.

Create an empty file

Touch file name. Extension (no extension can be added)

Terminal screen clearing

Ctrl + L

Create an empty folder

Mkdir file name (make directory)

Mkdir-p/root/1/2/3/4/5 and the-p parameter can be used to directly create a path.

Copy a file

Cp

-R: copy the entire folder (the source folder will be created under the target directory)

Eg cp-r/etc // root/copy the entire etc to the root

-R./* Copy all files in the entire folder (the source folder is not created)

Eg cp-r/etc/*/root/copy all files under etc to the root

Delete

Rm-rf file or directory name

-R recursively Delete (delete all files in directories and directories)

-F force Delete

If the-r parameter is not added, the system will prompt that the directory cannot be deleted.

If the-f parameter is not added, you will be asked if you want to delete it.

Rename/move

Mv Source Target

View hard disk usage

Df-h

View the current mounting status

Mount