Shell special characters, Cut,sort,wc,uniq,tee,tr,split command

Shell special Characters

• * Any of the characters
• ? Any one character
• #注释字符
• \ de-Semantic characters
• | pipe character
• $ variable prefix,!$ combination, regular inside means end of line
• Multiple commands are written to one line, separated by semicolons.
• ~ User home directory, regular expression indicates match
• & put the command behind the command and throw it backstage.
• \>,>>,2>,2>>,&> (correct and error redirect)
• [] One of the specified characters, [0-9],[A-ZA-Z],[ABC]
• || When the preceding command succeeds without executing the following, the preceding is unsuccessful before executing the
• && when the previous command does not succeed do not execute behind, the previous success is executed behind OH

Cut command

• Intercept string
• -d Specifies the delimiter,-f specifies to intercept the specified field number, and-C to specify the first few characters

  [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwd |head -2root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwd |head -2 |cut -d ":" -f 1rootbin[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwd |head -2 |cut -d ":" -f 1,2root:xbin:x[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwd |head -2 |cut -d ":" -f 1-3root:x:0bin:x:1[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwd |head -2 |cut -c 4t:

Sort command

• ASCII sorting, alphabetical order

  [[email protected] ~]# sort /etc/passwdadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinaming:x:1000:1000::/home/aming:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologinchrony:x:997:995::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

• -N is numerically sorted, letters and special symbols default to zero

    [[email protected] ~]# sort-n 1.txt[]adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/ nologinbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/ Haltlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:o perator:/root:/sbin/nologinroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash*sdshdjhjshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/ SHUTDOWNSYNC:X:5:0:SYNC:/SBIN:/BIN/SYNC22AAA2222222AAAAAA111344442222211114234234252SDADHKAJHKJ  

• -R Reverse Order

  [[email protected] ~]# sort -nr 1.txt4234234252sdadhkajhkj222221111111344442222222aaaaaa22aaasync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown*sdshdjhjroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologinmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltdaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin}

• -T delimiter,-kn1/-kn1,n2

WC command

• -L count rows

  [[email protected] ~]# wc -l 1.txt 23 1.txt

• -M statistic character number
• -W statistic phrase number, separated by whitespace character

Uniq command

• Go to Heavy,-C statistics line number of rows to heavy

  [[email protected] ~]# sort 2.txt 111231232abcabc 111,222[[email protected] ~]# sort 2.txt |uniq11232abcabc 111,222[[email protected] ~]# sort 2.txt |uniq -c  1   2 1  2 123  1 2  1 abc  1 abc 111,222

Tee command

• Similar to >, redirects are also displayed on the screen

  [[email protected] ~]# sort 2.txt |uniq -c > a.txt [[email protected] ~]# sort 2.txt |uniq -c |tee a.txt 2 12 1231 21 abc1 abc 111,222

• Add-A and >> similar, append and display appended content

TR Replacement Character

[[email protected] ~]# echo "aminglinux" |tr ‘[al]‘ ‘[AL]‘AmingLinux[[email protected] ~]# echo "aminglinux" |tr ‘[a-z]‘ ‘[A-Z]‘AMINGLINUX

Split command

• -B is cut with file size, followed by a filename, and you can specify the post-cut filename prefix later
• -L is cut with the number of rows, followed by the file name, and can be later specified after the cut filename prefix

  [[email protected] test]# split -b 100k q.txt abc.[[email protected] test]# lsabc.aa  abc.ab  abc.ac  q.txt[[email protected] test]# split -l 1000 q.txt abc.[[email protected] test]# lsabc.aa  abc.ab  abc.ac  abc.ad  abc.ae  abc.af  abc.ag  q.txt

Test

Shell special characters, Cut,sort,wc,uniq,tee,tr,split command