Simple Debian installation and input methods

Debian installation, input method, and other simple configurations-Debian information for the Linux release-the following is a detailed description. When I first came into contact with Debian, I didn't even know how to install the system. However, more friends and experts on the Internet say that Debian is the most suitable Linux operating system for development and research. Therefore, I have made a lot of effort to chew on this system. So far, I may only be able to install the system for simple configuration. Although the knowledge is still very basic, it is necessary to sort out the familiar things. This is because installing such a system, especially configuration, is a relatively repetitive and trivial task. How can I keep the record today? In a few days, it may take several hours to find the content of how to install and configure on Baidu and Google, and then try it one by one. In this way, the system will remain at the level of the installation system, and there is no breakthrough.

1. Install the basic system
It's time for me to answer the question after a long time. It is easy to install the system. Debian has different installation methods based on the release version type. I downloaded the installation image from the official website of Debian. The image is CD, so that you can install the system without using the network.

My Debian image file is: debian-testing-i386-binary-1.iso and debian-testing-i386-binary-2.iso. The image file is kernel version: 2.6.17-2-486.

2. Set non-root User Permissions
The system installation process is relatively simple. You can select Chinese (simplified) for installation. In the subsequent software package installation, if you do not need to install services such as Web Server, DNS Server, and File Server, you can install them by default (including the desktop environment and standard software package ). If you want to install a server, check the corresponding items. Nothing special. After the Basic installation is complete, restart the system and enter the logon interface. The desktop environment is included in the current installation, which is easier for beginners of Debian. Enter the user name and password. The user name here should be a non-root user. The root user is not allowed to log on from the logon manager.

You can see that the logon interface is already in Chinese. You only need to enter the user name and password to enter the system. Because we are not using root users, the Operation permissions of the system are limited. Therefore, the first step is to have the same permissions as the current user and the root user, or basically all the permissions used by the root user. Press Ctrl + Alt + F1 to enter the character terminal and log on with the root user name and password.

Then, run the following command:
# Vim/etc/sudoers -- set all user permissions through the sudoers file

Go to the vim editing page and see the following content:
#/Etc/sudoers
#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'mongodo 'command as root.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#

Defaults env_reset

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
Root ALL = (ALL) ALL

The last line root ALL = (ALL) ALL indicates that the root user has ALL operation permissions on the system. Here, we can add a line behind it to give our non-administrator user industry the same permissions as root. My username is david, because I can add such a line of content.

David ALL = (ALL) ALL

Save and exit, my personal users also have the corresponding permissions. In this way, press Ctrl + Alt + F7 to return to the desktop environment and open the virtual terminal. To run the Administrator-level command, you only need to add sudo to the command. For example, if you run the ifconfig command, the following is the execution result:

$ Ifoncfig
Bash: ifconfig: command not found ----- the system prompts that the command cannot be found because the permission is insufficient.
$ Sudo ifconfig ----- with sudo, you have the permissions set in the souders file.
Eth0 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr 00: 0C: 29: 37: 9A: 88
Inet addr: 192.168.1.247 Bcast: 255.255.255.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0
Inet6 addr: fe80: 20c: 29ff: fe37: 9a88/64 Scope: Link
Up broadcast running multicast mtu: 1500 Metric: 1
RX packets: 29939 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 frame: 0
TX packets: 12264 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 carrier: 0
Collisions: 0 FIG: 1000
RX bytes: 28287602 (26.9 MiB) TX bytes: 1355142 (1.2 MiB)
Interrupt: 169 Base address: 0x1080

3. modify the system font-
Because the Chinese characters shown in the system are awkward, we can modify the system font. The common Chinese font for Windows is, and of course there are other fonts such as. Here we will take as an example to explain how to modify the system font of Debian. Copy from Windows (generally in System Disk \ WINDOW \ Fonts \), and the name of is simsun. ttc. Copy the file to/usr/share/fonts/truetype/In the Debian system and change its suffix. ttc to. ttf, that is, change the file name to simsun. ttc. In this way, Debian can recognize this font.

After the font is installed, You need to modify the system font configuration file so that the system can use. as the font of the system at startup. The fonts. conf file of the system font is under/etc/fonts. One aspect of Linux system flexibility is that we can modify the system configuration file flexibly. However, if you accidentally modify the configuration file, the system operation may be affected. Therefore, it is recommended that you back up the configuration file when modifying the system configuration file so that the original configuration file can be used for recovery in the future.

Run the following command:
$ Cd/etc/fonts/
$ Sudo cp fonts. conf fonts. conf. bak --- backup the fonts. conf file of the system font.
$ Sudo chmod 664 fonts. conf -- only the root user can read and write the attributes of the configuration file, and the root user can also read and write the attributes.
$ Sudo vim fonts. conf

Go to the fonts. conf editing interface, and the front part of the file contains the following content:

　　

/Usr/share/fonts
/Usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts /Usr/local/share/fonts
~ /. Fonts

In this section, the system starts to read the path list of the system font. we add the simsun. ttf path of the file in the same format:

　

/Usr/share/fonts
/Usr/share/fonts/truetype -- Path of simsun. ttf
/Usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts /Usr/local/share/fonts
~ /. Fonts

Save and exit the file. At the same time, only the root user can read and write the attributes of the file, while other users are read-only:

$ Sudo chomd 644 fonts. conf

Log out of the current user and Log On As a normal user. You can see that the logon interface and the font after entering the system are already in.

4. Install the Chinese Input Method-fcitx
There are two common input methods in Linux: scim and Penguin fcitx. These two input methods are quite useful and can be selected based on your preferences. The following describes how to install the fcitx input method.

There are several ways to install software in Linux. In addition, the methods for installing software vary with Linux releases. Here we will explain the commonly used software installation methods In Debian. Common methods include installing the source code package (configure-> make install), installing binary files, and installing through the network (apt-get install software-name ). Here we will take the installation of binary files as an example.

First download the Binary Package of fcitx. The fcitx version we use here is 3.4.2. First, run the following command in the path where the file is stored as a root user:

# Tar jxvf fcitx-3.4.2-bin.tar.bz2

This creates a subdirectory fcitx-3.4.2-bin under the current directory,

# Cd fcitx-3.4.2-bin
#./Fcitx. install

Run the script fcitx. install to install the fcitx input method. The executable file fcitx after installation is located under/usr/bin. Then, log on to the system as a normal user (david) and execute the following command:

$ Cd/usr/bin
$ Sudo./fcitx

At this point, the penguin input method can be started. Press Ctrl + Space to switch between Chinese and English input methods. If the input method is also enabled when the system is started, you can write a configuration file that is stored in/etc/X11/Xsession. d. Run the following command to create the 95 input file:

$ Sudo vim 95 input

The content of this file is as follows:
Export LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
Export LC_CTYPE = zh_CN.UTF-8
Export LC_ALL =
Export XMODIFIERS = @ im = fcitx
Fcitx &

Save and log out of the file. log out of the system and log on to the system as a normal user. after entering the system, you can see a toolbar at the top of the desktop. The leftmost is a penguin, Which is fcitx. The fcitx input method integrates several input methods, including intelligent pinyin, double spelling, five strokes, two strokes, location and warehouse input methods. You can choose according to your habits.

Now, the basic installation and some simple configurations of the Debian system have been completed.