Soft Test Information System Supervisor: April 22, 2016 homework

I. Basic knowledge of information application system construction
1, the software according to the function of which 3 categories, according to the service object division which 2 class, by software

What are the 4 categories of working methods?
1) software by function divided into: System software, support software, application software;
2) By service object Division: Project software, product software;
3) According to the work of the Software division: real-time processing software, timeshare software, cross-

Cross-software, batch processing software.

2. What is the ternary group of software engineering? What are the elements of each meta-group?
1) ternary group of software Engineering: objectives, principles and activities.
2) Software engineering objectives: production with correctness, availability and cost-appropriate

of software products;
3) Four basic principles of software Engineering: Select the appropriate development paradigm, adopt

Design methods, provide high-quality engineering support, and focus on the development process

Acting
4) Software process activities mainly include requirements, design, implementation, validation and support

and other activities.

3. What are the six stages of the software life cycle? Remember
1) software project plan;
2) software requirements analysis and definition;
3) software design;
4) program coding;
5) Software testing;
6) operation and maintenance.

4. What are the characteristics of desert cloth model?
Advantages:
1) to provide a phase-by-stage checkpoint for the project;
2) After the completion of the current phase, only need to focus on the follow-up phase;
3) The waterfall model can be applied in the iterative model;
4) provides a template that enables analysis, design, coding, testing, and support

Method can have a common guide under the template.
Disadvantages:
1) The division of each phase is completely fixed and a large number of documents are generated between phases,

greatly increased the workload;
2) Since the development model is linear, the user waits until the end of the entire process

To see the development results, thereby increasing the risk of development;
3) track individual project stages with too many mandatory completion dates and milestones

；
4) Not adapt to changes in user needs.

5. What are the applicable conditions of prototype model?
The need for a system to be developed is not very clear and requires an operational

Work demonstration system, prototype, as a software developer and user learning, research,

Test and determine the software requirements of the work platform.

6. What is an incremental model? What is a progressive model?
The prototype model can be subdivided into incremental and progressive models.
Incremental models, for systems where demand cannot be fully defined quickly, should be as clear as possible

Software requirements, complete the required analysis, and press the waterfall model

Method for the first time, in the system integration, through the experiment to find out the need

Identify the unknown software requirements, and then iterate over the

Increase part of the demand analysis and development;
A progressive model that is difficult to define precisely for some requirements, albeit clearly

System design. Preliminary requirements analysis can be done first, then immediately after the design

and coding, and then the first integration with the system (do not do or do less testing),

According to the problem of integrated post-reaction, more comprehensive analysis, design, compilation

Code, testing, and integration.

7. The Helix model combines the desert model with the evolutionary model, adding the risk

Analysis, a brief description of four activities is what? Remember
1) Make plans, define the software objectives, formulate the implementation plan, clarify the project opening

(e) The conditions for the limitation of
2) Risk analysis, analysis of selected programs, consider how to identify and eliminate risks;
3) Implementation of the project, the implementation of software development;
4) Customer evaluation, evaluation and development work, propose amendments.

8. What kind of software development method does fountain model mainly support? What is its characteristic

？
An object-oriented approach to development.
Features: 1) iterative, some parts of the system often repeat work several times, related

The function can be added to the evolutionary system during each iteration;
2) No gap, in the analysis, design, implementation and other development activities do not exist

Obvious boundaries.

9. What are the three types of configuration management library? Remember
1) Development library DL;
2) controlled library CL;
3) Product Library Pl.

10. What is the purpose of software testing? Remember
1) Pass the test, discover the software error;
2) Verify that the software meets software requirements specification and software design requirements

The function, performance and the requirements of software quality characteristics;
3) Provide the basis for the evaluation of software quality.

11. What is the definition of code review? Do you need a special testing tool?
Code reviews, including code reviews and walk-through, are primarily based on experienced programs

According to the software design document, through the reading program, found errors and defects

。
No special testing tools are required.

12. What is the definition of static analysis? Need computer assistance to complete it? Different

Programming language, is the static analysis tool the same?
Static analysis, mainly to the program control flow analysis, Data flow analysis, interface

Analysis and expression analysis, etc.;
Need computer assistance to complete;
Different programming languages, the corresponding static analysis tools are different.

13. Please indicate the difference between white box test and black box test.
Difference:
1) The tester has different degree of mastery of the program, the White box test requires the tester's palm

The internal structure of the test procedure, black box testing does not care about the implementation of the program inside

The test results that focus on the program;
2) test cases are different, white box testing should be based on the coverage of quasi-test design testing cases

, so that each statement in the program, each conditional branch, each control path is

Tested in program test, black box test according to software Requirements Specification design

Test cases, and run the test of the program under test as required by the testing case;
3) The focus of the test is different, white box testing needs to find the internal shortcomings of the program or

errors, which can be corrected, black-box testing includes functional testing, performance testing,

Boundary testing, margin testing, and strength testing.

14. What are the six steps of the software testing work procedure?
1) Develop "Software test Plan";
2) write "Software test Instructions";
3) perform software testing;
4) Prepare "Software test Report";
5) Correcting the problems found during the software testing process;
6) Software testing phase review.

15. Unit test, integration test, validation test, System test by WHO group

Woven? Who's the test?
1) Unit tests are organized by the contractors themselves and generally implemented by the Software development team

Test
2) software integration test organized by the contractor, software development team and software

Test group Joint Implementation test;
3) The Software Verification test is organized by the contractor, and the software Test team implements the measurement

Try
4) System testing shall be organized by the owners ' units, and the joint Test team should be set up to implement the test

。 Generally by the expert Group, the owner unit, the Software Evaluation Unit, the contractor and so on

The test group together.

16, the software review includes internal review and external review, the internal review by who composition

？ Are internal reviews conducted at all stages?
The internal audit is organized and implemented by the contractor, and the reviewers are made by the Software development team,

Quality management and configuration managers, can invite owners to participate;
Internal reviews are conducted at all stages of software development.

17. What kind of software must be externally reviewed? Who is the host? WHO organizes it?

Who is the committee member?
For software with a large scale and a high level of security, an external rating must be

Tribunal
The external review is presided over by the owner's unit,
The contractor organizes and establishes the Evaluation Committee;
The judging committee consists of the owner's unit, the contractor and a number of software expert groups

Members, seven persons or more (singular). A director, if the Deputy Director

Dry man.

18. What are the four types of software maintenance? Please outline.
1) Corrective maintenance;
2) Adaptive maintenance;
3) Perfect maintenance;
4) Preventive maintenance.

19. What is the main task of the Software maintenance organization?
The main task is to approve maintenance requests, develop and implement maintenance plans, control and manage

Maintenance process, responsible for the review of Software maintenance, organization of software maintenance review and

Acceptance, ensure the completion of software maintenance tasks.

20, according to GB8567, the software development process, which 14 kinds of files should be produced?

Remember
1) Feasibility Study report;
2) project development plan;
3) software Requirement specification;
4) data requirement specification;
5) Summary design specification;
6) detailed design instructions;
7) database design Manual;
8) User manual;
9) Operation Manual;
10) module development files;
11) test Plan;
12) test analysis report;
13) Development progress report;
14) Project Development Summary Report.

21, Understanding table 19-4, especially memory: test plan, User manual, operating hand

The start and end times of the book, Maintenance Manual.
Test plan, from the requirement analysis stage to the software design stage;
User manuals, from the requirements analysis phase to coding and unit testing;
Operating manuals, from the software design phase to coding and unit testing;
Maintenance manuals, run the maintenance phase.

22. What are the five levels of CMM?
CMM five levels: initial level, repeatable level, defined level, quantitative management

level, optimization level.

23. What is the core of CORBA?
CORBA, public object request Agent architecture;
The core of CORBA is Object Request Agent (ORB), which is a distributed object

An interop proxy channel.

24. For the Java EE, please explain: JDBC, JNDI, JMS, JAVAMAIL,

The Chinese meaning of JAVA idl.
Jdbc,java Data base Connectivity,java database connection;
Jndi,java naming and Directory Interface,java naming and

Directory interface;
Jms,java message Service,java messaging service;
JAVAMAIL, sending and receiving letters;
JAVA IDL, interfaces with CORBA components.

25. Please explain: The Chinese meaning of SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI.
Soap,simple Object access Protocol, simple objects

On
Wsdl,web Services Description Language, Network Service profiling

language;
Uddi,universal Description, Discovery and

Integration, discovery and integration specifications.

26. What are the key technical factors for software reuse?
Key technical factors for software reuse include:
Software component Technology (software Component technology), domain

Engineering (Domain Engineering), software architecture (software

Architecture), Software re-engineering (software reengineering)

Open system, software process (software

Process), as well as case technology.

27. What is the difference between a pattern and a frame?
1) The design pattern is more abstract than the frame;
2) The design pattern is smaller than the framework of the architecture elements;
3) The frame is more characteristic than the design pattern.

28. In short, the framework is software, what is the design pattern?
Design pattern is the knowledge of software, that is, the prior experience of developing software.

29. What are the five views of UML? What are the respective definitions? Remember
1) View of Use cases, use case view, cases attempt to define external lines of the system

To define the requirements of the system and other views that describe the design and construction of the system

The basis of the use case driver. Also called user model view;
2) Logical view, logic view, logical views describe the logical structure,

Structure supports the function of the use Case View description, which describes the overview in the problem space

System functions, such as classes, packages, subsystems, and so on. It's called knot.

Model view or static view;
3) Implement the view, implementation iew, implement the description used to build the system

systems, such as executable files, code bases, and databases.

Software products that are associated with configuration management and system integration.

Interest. Also called component view;
4) Process view, Process View, procedure views describe the decomposition of the system into

Processes and tasks, and the communication and synchronization between these concurrent elements. Also called and

View, dynamic views, or collaborative views;
5) Deployment view, Deployment view, describing the physical network layout of the system

, which is of interest to system engineers and network engineers. Also called the physical view.

30. UML provides 9 different graphs, which are static and which are dynamic.

？ Please describe their definitions separately. (Remember what is dynamic static)
Static diagram: Use case diagram, Class diagram, object graph, Component diagram, configuration diagram;
Dynamic diagram: Sequence diagram, state diagram, collaboration diagram, activity diagram;
1) Use case diagram, diagram, describes the function of the system, by the system

, use cases and roles three elements;
2) class diagram, Class diagram, used to represent classes in the system and classes and classes

The relationship between, describing the system's static structure, used in logical view;
3) object graph, Object diagram, an example of a class diagram, representing

Specific instances of these classes and the specific connections between these instances at some point

Relationships that can help people understand more complex class diagrams. Object graphs can also be used

To display the connection relationship of an object in a class diagram at a point. Object graphs are often used in

Example views and logical views;
4) state diagram, which is mainly used to describe objects, subsystems,

The life cycle of the system. The state diagram allows you to understand what an object might have

All States, events that cause the state of the object to change, and state transitions that raise the

Action. A state diagram is a supplementary description of what the class describes and is used in a logical view

Describe the behavior of the class;
5) sequence diagram, Sequence diagram, object-oriented system between objects

The interaction of the message is sent and received. Sequence diagrams reflect a number of objects

The dynamic collaboration between the two, that is, as time passes, the message is how the object

Sent and received between the. The sequence diagram focuses on the messages that are sent between the objects.

Sequential, commonly used in logical view;
6) Collaboration diagram, collaboration diagram, mainly describes the collaboration objects

Interactions and links between the two. collaboration diagrams and sequence diagrams also reflect the dynamic association between objects

The message sequence, but focuses on the exchange of messages between objects

Relations, emphasizing the spatial relationship rather than the time order;
7) activity diagrams, activities diagram, display actions and their results, focusing on

Describes the work done in an operation implementation and the activities in a use case instance or object

。 The activity diagram reflects a continuous flow of activity, often used to describe an action

The work done in the course of implementation;
8) component diagram, Component diagram, to reflect the physical structure of the Code

, a component can be a source code, a binary file, or an executable file that contains logical

The implementation information for the class. The implementation view is composed of component diagrams;
9) configuration diagram, Deployment diagram, configuration diagram to display the system

The physical architecture of software and hardware. The figure usually shows the actual computer and device

And the relationship between them. The configuration diagram is used to form the configuration view, which describes the system

The actual physical structure.

31. Describe the definition of association, dependency, generalization, aggregation. Remember
1) Associations provide the means of communication between objects, which are used to describe the class

A connection to a class, usually bidirectional;
2) The dependency relationship describes the semantic connection between the two model elements, which

One of the elements is independent, and the other element is dependent on the independent model element,

The change of independent elements will affect the dependent elements;
3) Generalization, also known as inheritance, is a kind of common element and concrete element

The specific element completely owns the information of the common element, and can also

additional information;
4) The aggregation relationship has strong coupling and describes the relationship between the whole and the part.

Second, the information application system supervision work
1, the definition of software quality?
The software quality reflects the characteristics of the entity to meet the explicit and implicit needs;
Explicit needs, refers to the contract users clearly put forward requirements and requirements;
Implied need, refers to by the production enterprise through the market research carries on the identification and the discovery to

Request or need;
characteristics, the nature of the entity, reflects the ability of the entity to meet the needs.

2, understand the figure 20.2 Supervision unit of Quality Management Organization chart, please indicate the leftmost

Name and action, right-most names and actions.
Leftmost: Supervision Unit quality assurance system, constraints;
Rightmost: Expert group, know.

3, quality control in addition to the evaluation, testing, spot checks, side station, what else

Methods and techniques? (Name only)
1) Pareto analysis;
2) inspection;
3) control chart;
4) statistical samples;
5) standard deviation;
6) Flowchart;
7) trend analysis.

4. What are the five measures for progress control? Remember
1) Organizational measures. Implement the construction progress control Department personnel composition, specific control

Task and Management Responsibility Division, project decomposition, according to the project structure, progress Order

section, the contract structure multi-angle division, and establish the coding system; Establish schedule coordination

To analyze the disturbance and risk factors;
2) Technical measures. Review the project schedule, determine the reasonable quota,

Forecast analysis and progress statistics;
3) contractual measures. Sub-contracting, contract period and schedule coordination;
4) Economic measures. (a) Ensure budget funding and control of extrabudgetary funds;
5) Information management measures. Implement a dynamic comparison of the schedule and provide a comparative report.

5, according to different levels of management of the requirements of the control into three categories, namely:

Total project progress control, what and what?
Total project progress control, Project master schedule control, project detailed schedule control.

6. What is the difference between CPM and PERT?
Cpm,critical path method, the key route approach.
Pert,program Evaluation and Review technique, plan

Review technology.
CPM and PERT are two of the most widely used planning methods, both of which are

The difference is:
CPM is based on empirical data to determine the time of the work, and PERT

To deal with the time of each work as a random variable;
The former is often referred to as the positive network planning technique, which often becomes a non-positive type

Network planning technology;
The former aims at shortening time and improving investment benefits, while the latter can point out shortening

The key to time and cost savings.

7. What are the main methods of estimating working hours?
1) expert judgment;
2) analogy estimation;
3) Single time estimation method;
4) Three time estimation methods.

8, the definition of the total time difference, the definition of free time difference?
1) The total time difference, without affecting the total duration, that is, does not affect its tight after the operation of the late opening

Start time, the job can be postponed for a period of time;
2) free time difference, without affecting the early start of the operation of tight after the premise,

Time that can be postponed.

9, time optimization, the method and step of compressing network plan duration what four steps

？
1) Identify the critical lines in the network plan and calculate the total duration of the network plan

；
2) Calculate the time that should be compressed δt= tc-tr;
3) determine the compression time;
4) Compress another key work.

10, select the first compression duration of the key work, the choice should consider the cause

What are the most known? Remember
1) Shorten the duration, the quality of the project has little impact;
2) have adequate spare resources;
3) The increased cost of shortening the duration is relatively small.

11. What are the four steps for cost optimization?
1) to seek the critical line;
2) Find the best way to work on the key line;
3) To optimize the work of small k value in the pathway;
4) When optimizing, consider the neighbors.

12, for the calculation of the topic, please see the public class, public lessons in the calculation of the group

Shares. Please answer the definition of key route?
Critical lines, in one line, each working time equals the engineering

Period, or the time difference for each job is zero.

13. What are the causes of runaway costs?
1) Cost estimation work, cost budget work is not accurate and precise;
2) The characteristics of the software project make the development cost difficult to estimate accurately;
3) The project is in the cost estimation and cost budgeting and the development of Project investment control

There is no uniform standard and norm in the method.
4) There is a misunderstanding in the ideological understanding, that the project is innovative, resulting in the project

There are too many variables in the implementation process, the variables are too large, the actual cost exceeds the budgeted cost

Inevitable, for granted.

14. What are the 4 methods and tools of cost estimation? Please outline them separately.
1) Analogy estimation method, usually analogous to an existing executed project

Estimate the cost of the current project, also known as the "top-down estimation method";
2) Parametric model method, which takes the characteristic parameters of the project as the mathematic of predicting project cost

The basic parameters of the model;
3) from the bottom up estimation method, usually first estimate the cost of individual work,

The total cost of the whole project is then aggregated from the bottom up;
4) Tools, project management software and spreadsheet software support project cost estimates

Millions

Third, the supervision work in the preparatory stage
1. What are the four aspects of a general feasibility study?
1) Economic feasibility: conduct cost/benefit analysis;
2) Technical feasibility: conduct technical risk assessment;
3) Legal feasibility: To determine any infringement, obstruction

and responsibility;
4) Choice of options: Several potential candidates for evaluation systems or product development

and concluding comments at the end of the case.

2. What are the five steps of the general tendering process?
1) tender;
2) bid;
3) bid opening;
4) evaluation of bids;
5) bid.

Soft Test Information System Supervisor: April 22, 2016 job