Solve common Ubuntu commands and terminal Chinese garbled characters

I. Ubuntu common command ZZ: http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/9306265

Shortcut Key:
* Open the main menu = Alt + F1
• Run = Alt + F2
• Ctrl + H show all hidden files in the window
* Display desktop = CTRL + ALT + d
* Minimize the current window = Alt + F9
* Maximize the current window = Alt + F10
* Close the current window = Alt + F4
* Capture full screen = Print Screen
* Truncate window = Alt + Print Screen
Default special shortcut key
* Show All window Programs = F10
* Display the top program of the current window = F11
* Show All Programs in the current window = F12
* Switching window = Alt + Tab
* Rotate the 3D desktop = CTRL + ALT + left/right arrow (you can also place the mouse in the title bar or switch using the scroll wheel on the desktop)
* Rotate the 3D desktop (the activity window follows) = Ctrl + Shift + ALT + left/right arrow
* Manually rotate the 3D desktop = CTRL + ALT + Left click and drag the blank area on the desktop
* Window Transparency/opacity = possible with the "transset" utility or Alt + scroll wheel
* Zoom in once = super key + right-click
* Manual zoom in = super key + scroll up
* Manually zoom out = super key + scroll down
* Move the window = Alt + left-click
* Place a border when moving the window = left click to start dragging and then CTRL + ALT
* Adjust the window size = Alt + medium click
* Bring up the window below the top window = Alt + middle-click
* Dynamic effect deceleration = Shift + F10
* Water print = press Ctrl + super key
* Rain = Shift-F9
* Expand desktop = CTRL + ALT + down arrow, then press CTRL + ALT and left/right arrow to select Desktop

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A system command is automatically run at startup.

* Sometimes it is useful to add a custom command to the startup process, so that your computer can execute it every time it starts.
O edit crontab with administrative permissions (see Section 1.3.3-root user and sudo command ):
+ Sudo crontab-e
O Insert the following content: @ reboot/home/user/command
+ Replace/home/user/command with the absolute path of your command.
O save the file and exit

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1. Start the program with a shortcut key

Add a keyboard shortcut for the program you specified. You only need to press the corresponding shortcut key to start the program and so on. Just like we add a hotkey for the shortcut when using XP, gnome also has these features, setting is not difficult. First open the terminal and enter:

Gconf-Editor

Open "apps-> metacity-> keybinding commands" in sequence, and a total of 12 commands can be defined here, as shown in. I set command_1 to open rhythmbox player, and command_2 to open the swiftfox browser, command_3 open the terminal and you can add the commands you need.

After adding the key, go to "apps-> metacity-> global keybingdings" and add the shortcut key you want. For example, if I have filled in a total of three commands, including command_1, command_2, and command_3, then I want to fill in a shortcut key combination on run_command_1, run_command_2, and run_command_3, the shortcut key can be, F1 to F12, and a combination of letters. F1 indicates pressing CTRL + ALT + F1 at the same time, and so on.

Now you only need to press the shortcut key you just set to run the command.
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No classification PS1 command name usage and Parameter Function Annotation
1. File Management # ls-A lists all files in the current directory, including hidden files with A. header.
File Management # ls-l or ll lists the details of files in the current directory
File Management # PWD view the absolute path of the current directory
File Management # CD .. back to the upper-level directory of the current directory
File Management # cd-back to the last directory
File Management # Cd ~ Or CD back to the current user's home directory
File Management # Cd ~ The user name is returned to the specified user's home directory.
2. File Management # create a directory with the mkdir directory name
File Management # mkdir-P recursively create some nested Directories
File Management # rmdir empty directory name to delete an empty directory
3. File Management # delete one or more files by RM file name
File Management # rm Rm-RF non-empty directory name recursively deletes everything in a non-empty directory, without the mention of-F
4. File Management # view the file content on a single screen with Cat file names
5. File Management # View File Content by page for more file names
6. File Management # The file content can be viewed on Controllable pages with less-than file names
7 file management # grep character file names view part of the file content based on character matching
8. File Management # Move the files under the music/video path/file path to the absolute path
File Management # change the name of the MV file in the current directory
9 file management # cp CP/path/file./move files under absolute path to the current directory
10 file management # Find find path-name "string" to find the files and directories that match the string in the path
11 file management # ln Source File Link name creates a hard link to the source file of the current directory
Ln/home/test/usr/test1 create a hard link for/home/test under/usr
12 file management # ln-s a B create the symbolic link B of A in the current directory
13 file management # Touch touch file1 file2 create two empty files
14 disk management # DF is used to report the total capacity, usage, and remaining capacity of the file system.
15 disk management # Du-B/home view the current/home directory capacity (K) and sub-directory capacity (k ).
16 disk management # fdisk-l view system partition information
17 disk management # fdisk/dev/SDB is used to partition a new SCSI hard disk.
18 disk management # mkfs. ext3 mkfs. ext3/dev/sdb1
Format the first primary partition of the first SCSI hard disk
Ext3 File System
Mkfs. ext2 mkfs. ext2/dev/sdb2 format to ext2 File System
19 disk management # mount Mount-T file system type device access path
Disk management # file system type
Iso9660 optical drive File System
Vfat FAT file system (Windows)
Mount the optical drive # Mount-T iso9660/dev/CDROM/mnt/CDROM
Mount fat # Mount-T vfat/dev/hda5/mnt/CDROM to mount the fifth logical partition of the first ide
17 disk management # umount/mnt/CDROM unmount/mnt/CDROM is empty
18 file permissions # chmod U + s file adds special permissions to the file owner
Chmod g + R file: Add read permission to the file group
Chmod o + W file adds write permission to other users of File
Chmod A-X file: all users of the file minus the execution permission.
Chmod 765 The owner of file is set to full permission, and the owner group is set to read/write permission. Other users have read and execute permissions.
19 File Permission # chown root/home change/home owner to root user
20 file permissions # change the/home group to the root group for chgrp root/home
21 print management # RedHat-config-printer-tui enter the printer installation Interface
22 print management # LP Lp-D hptr file print file to the hptr printer
23 print management # lpq-P printer name view printer status
24 print management # lprm-P printer name a delete print jobs in the printer
25 print management # disable-R "Changing paper" hptr disables the printer and prompts the cause
26 print management # enable hptr re-enable disabled
27 user management # useradd create a new user
28 user management # groupadd group name to create a new group
29 user management # passwd user name creates a password for the user
30 user management # passwd-D passwd-d the user name can also be logged in if you delete the User Password
31 user management # passwd-l user name locking account and password
32 user management # passwd-u user name unlock account password
33 user management # passwd-s user name query account and password
34. User Management # usermod-l new username old username changed to user name
35 user management # usermod-l usermod-L to lock the user name to lock the User Login
36 user management # usermod-u unlock user name unlock User Login
37 user management # usermod-u 501 Change User uid
38 user management # userdel-r user name delete all user information
39 user management # groupmod-N new username old username rename Group
40 user management # groupmod-G 501 Group Name Change Group GID
41 user management # groupdel the group name should first delete its users to delete the group
42 user management # gpasswd-A gpasswd-a username group name is added to the group
43 user management # ID user name query user information
44 software management # rpm-Qa | less query installed RPM
45 software management # rpm-Qa | grep FTP query specified rpm
46 software management # Check whether the RPM package has been installed by rpm-Q
47 software management # rpm-Q telnet-Server View telnet server package
48 software management # rpm-Qi software package name View Software Description
49 software management # query the file list of a software package by rpm-QL package name
50 software management # rpm-QF package name query the package to which a file belongs
51 software management # Full name of rpm-QP Software Package Query Information of uninstalled software packages
52 software management # delete a specific software package by rpm-e rpm-E Software Package name
53 software management # Full name upgrade of rpm-u rpm-uvh software package and display the process
54 software management # Full name of rpm-IVH software package installation package and display process
55 software management # rpm-V software package name verification package size and type
56 software management # tar-C create package-x release package-V display command process-Z represents the compressed package
57 software management # tar-CF tar-CVF benet.tar/home/Benet package the/home/Benet directory
58 software management # tar-CZF tar-zcvf benet.tar.gz/mnt package and compress the Directory
59 software management # tar-TF benet.tar: List of non-compressed files
60 software management # tar-tzf tar-TF benet.tar.gz view the file list of the compressed package
61 software management # tar-XF benet.tar non-compressed package file recovery
62 software management # extract and restore the files in the tar-zxvf benet.tar.gz compressed package
63 software management # tar-jxvf benet.tar.bz2
64 software management # diff file1 file2> patch name. Patch generates patch files for new and old files
65 software management # diff file1 file2 compares the differences between the two files
66 software management # patch file patch name. Patch patch
67 software management #./configure -- prefix =/usr/local/pre-compilation Configuration
68 software management # Make Compilation
69 software management # make install the compiled source code package
70 boot management # reboot init 6 restart Linux
71 start management # halt init 0 shutdown-H now disable Linux
72 start management # runlevel display system running level
73 startup management # init [0123456] changes the system running level, 7 types
74 start management # chkconfig -- list [service name] to view the service status
75 startup management # chkconfig -- level <running level> <service name> On | off | set sets the startup status of the service.
76 startup management # chkconfig <service name> On | off | set the startup status of a non-independent service
77 Process Management # top dynamic PS-Aux static process tree pstree view system processes
78 Process Management # program name & background running program
79 Process Management # FG transfers the processes running in the background back to the foreground
80 Process Management # BG transfers the processes running on the foreground to the background
81 Process Management # renice + 1 180 Add the priority of process No. 180 to 1
82 Process Management # Kill kill PID to terminate a PID Process
83 Process Management # at 5 + 3 days
/Bin/ls specify to execute/bin/ls at PM three days later
84 Process Management # crontab-e uses VI to edit Automatic periodic tasks
85 Process Management # crontab-l view Automatic periodic tasks
86 Process Management # crontab-r Delete Automatic periodic tasks
87 Process Management # crond service crond <START | stop | restart | status>
Enable Automatic periodic service crond immediately <START | stop | restart | status>

Implement Disk Quota (Note: Create/home partition when installing Linux)
Objective: To implement a disk quota of 5 kb for soft limit and 10 kb for Zhao in the/home directory.
Steps:
1. Modify the line containing/home, # vi/etc/fstab, and change it to defaults and usrquota. That is, the usrquota item is added. Save and exit.
2. Uninstall the/home directory # umount/home
3. Mount/home directory # Mount/home
4. Add User Zhao # useradd Zhao
5. Change the password # passwd Zhao
6. Generate quota information about the/home directory # quotacheck-cmug/home
# Quotacheck-vu/home
7. View information of all users # repquota-Au
8. Set the quota # edquota-u Zhao
Change soft and hard to 5 and 10 respectively.
9. Save and exit # WQ!
10. modification time # edquota-T
11. # WQ!
12. Enable the disk quota function on/home # quotaon/home
13. query the quota # quota-u Zhao
14. Verify the quota # Su-zhao II, UBUNTU terminal garbled solution ZZ: http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/21568014 Alt + Ctrl + F1 into the first terminal, found Chinese garbled.
2. Install zhcon. Sudo apt-Get install zhcon
3. Enter the following command to start zhcon. The Chinese characters are displayed normally. Zhcon -- utf8 -- DRV = the VGA method does not work !! Later, I finally solved the problem according to the following method. Although it was not my own method, I was still very happy to copy it and share it with you. At the same time, record the problems you encounter when learning Ubuntu for your reference in the future! //////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////// /Solution: i. ubuntu default Chinese character encoding is zh_CN.UTF-8, which can be seen in/etc/environment:
Sudo gedit/etc/environment
You can see the following content:
Path = "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/Games"
Lang = "zh_CN.UTF-8"
Language = "zh_cn: Zh: en_us: en"
The second line is the default Chinese character encoding. Note: you can modify the default Chinese character encoding here, for example, zh_cn.gbk. 2. How to add Chinese character encoding
1. Use locale-gen directly
Enter the following command on the terminal:
Sudo locale-gen zh_cn.gb18030
The Chinese character set can be added. After that, go to/usr/lib/locale/. There is a folder named zh_cn.gb18030, and enter the command gedit/var/lib/locales/supported on the Super Terminal. d/local. You can find another row in the file: zh_cn.gb18030 gb18030. It indicates that the application is successfully added. 2. Modify the/var/lib/locales/supported. d/local file
Enter the command line in the terminal
Sudo gedit/var/lib/locales/supported. d/local
You can see the following content:
Zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
The en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 adds the Chinese Character Set zh_cn.gbk GBK at the end of the file and then exits. Enter the command on the terminal: sudo dpkg-reconfigure localesgenerating locales...
En_AU.UTF-8... Done
En_BW.UTF-8... Done
En_CA.UTF-8... Done
En_DK.UTF-8... Done
En_GB.UTF-8... Done
En_HK.UTF-8... Done
En_IE.UTF-8... Done
En_IN.UTF-8... Done
En_NZ.UTF-8... Done
En_PH.UTF-8... Done
En_SG.UTF-8... Done
En_US.UTF-8... Done
En_ZA.UTF-8... Done
En_ZW.UTF-8... Done
Zh_cn.gbk... Done
Zh_CN.UTF-8... up-to-date
Zh_HK.UTF-8... Done
Zh_SG.UTF-8... Done
Zh_TW.UTF-8... Done
Generation complete. You can generate the corresponding file:/usr/lib/locale/zh_cn.gbk/And then restart ubuntu.