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SQL Server 2012 Licensing model
Below, we'll look at the licensing model for SQL Server 2012 release in more detail
licensing based on computing power-kernel-based licensing
With the release of SQL Server 2012, licensing for computing power will be a kernel-based
The Enterprise and Standard editions are available with kernel-based licensing. The Standard Edition is also available in the Server+ CAL licensing model.
To authorize a physical server, you must license all the cores of the server, requiring at least four kernel licenses on each physical processor of the server.
License According to user-server +cal
The Business Intelligence Edition and the standard version are available in the Server +cal licensing mode.
This licensing model can be used at all times to stabilize the number of users (for example, internal database applications).
Access a SQL Server with Server +cal licensing mode, each user must have an identical version or a newer version of SQL Server CALs (for example, to access a SQL Server SE server, a user will need a SQL Server 2008 CAL).
Each SQL Server CAL has access to multiple licensed SQL Servers, including the new SQL Server 2012 Business Intelligence server and the previous version of the Enterprise server.
To help transition to the new licensing model, SQL Server 2012 Enterprise Edition can take server +cal mode until June 30, 2012.
All existing Enterprise Editions with Server +cal licensing model and Software Assurance (SA) can be upgraded to SQL Server 2012, and Software Assurance (SA) can continue to provide future software updates. These licenses will continue to run under Server + CAL licensing mode.
The existing enterprise license in Server + CAL licensing mode can be upgraded to SQL Server 2012, and exceeding will be limited to server deployment within 20 cores. These 20 kernel limits apply only to Enterprise Edition Server licenses in Server + CAL mode for SQL Server 2012, and still require an appropriate number/version of SQL Server CALs licenses for access.
Database Virtualization-cloud-optimized licensing
When a database uses only a fraction of the computational power of a physical server, you can save costs by licensing a single database virtual machine (VMS).
To license a virtual machine based on a nuclear license, pay only the virtual cores assigned to the virtual machine (minimum 4 licenses per VM)
To license a virtual machine in Server +cal mode (Business Intelligence Edition and Standard Edition of SQL Server 2012), you can buy server licenses and purchase related SQL Server CALs for each user
Each licensed virtual machine that is covered by Software Assurance (SA) can be moved frequently in your farm or third-party host or cloud service provider
Under the Enterprise license under SA for fully licensed servers, allows you to deploy an unlimited number of database virtual machines on the server (or server farm) to achieve future savings in a highly consolidated virtual deployment scenario
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SQL Server 2012 Licensing overview