Storage Technology fundamentals-storage architecture and raid

1. Server and Storage System

Server: provides compute power and service for network requests.

Storage System: storage device + Storage Management System +raid Disk system, accept I/O requests.

Storage Architecture:

DAS (direct Attach STorage) storage device connects directly to the server

NAS (Network attached Storage) network-attached storage that uses networking technology to connect storage systems via a switch.

SAN (Storage area Network) storage networks with FC (Fibre Channel) for networked storage systems

RAID: (Redundant array of independent Disks) disk array

2. Data storage Type

File storage: NAS

Block storage: Das and SAN

Object Storage (Networked storage architecture): Object storage is the same as San-telling direct-access disk features and distributed sharing features of NAS. The core is to separate the data path (data read or write) and control path (metadata), and build the storage system based on the object storage device (OSD), each object storage device has certain only, can automatically manage the data distribution on it. Object storage structure component (object, object storage device, metadata server, object storage System client).

3. Storage architecture and features

• Das is a server-centric storage structure that connects storage devices directly to the server (most SCSI interfaces), and then the server is connected to the network, and any client on the network that accesses a storage device must go through the server. Because the storage devices connected on each node server are independent, the storage devices on the entire network are scattered, independent, and cannot be shared. Das storage mode is server-centric, all traffic must be forwarded by the server, so the burden of the server is heavier, but also the bottleneck of the whole system. The CPU, memory, and I/O of the server affect the performance of the DAS.

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• NAS is a data-centric storage structure, is a completely disconnected from the server directly to the Internet storage device, NAS to the task-optimized storage device directly connected to the network, users can directly through the network to share the NAS device data, to solve the DAS storage on the server and server bottlenecks. Under the NAS, the client requests for resources are sent directly to the NAS device, and the data returned by the request is sent directly to the requestor without the server's transit, which greatly improves the response speed and transmission rate. NAS uses the RJ-45 standard network interface, as long as the NAS device is connected to a TCP/IP network via a hub or switch, assigning an IP address. NAS supports cross-platform file sharing in heterogeneous network environments, supports window/unix/apple and so on.

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• SAN is a network-centric storage structure, different from ordinary Ethernet, is located in the server back-end, for connecting servers, disk arrays, with libraries and other storage devices established high-performance network. The SAN is a data storage centric, with a scalable network topology, with direct connections to optical channels (or iSCSI) with high transfer rates, providing multiple selectable data exchanges between any node within the SAN, and centralizing data storage management within a relatively separate storage area network. The difference between sans and traditional das is that Das's storage devices specialize in the servers that are connected, while San mode allows all servers to share all storage devices through high-speed channels. The main devices of the San: storage devices (disk arrays), servers, connected devices (network switching devices and fiber optics, etc.), storage management software. The advantage of a SAN is that all storage devices are highly shared, and all storage devices can be centrally managed with redundant backup capabilities, and a single server outage system still works.

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Summary: Das is characterized by the storage of proprietary properties, each server is the "MANAGER" of its affiliated storage devices, exclusive and independent, the SAN can meet high demand storage requirements, but its fibre switch cost is too high, and the server and storage devices have a distance limit Nas, which breaks the storage-device-specific issues of DAS and does not have high san fibre switch cost and distance constraints, but its NAS server itself limits its performance, is not suitable for video storage, but is suitable for multi-point concurrent access scenarios; iSCSI has a SAN architecture and relatively low cost , but the configuration of the switch and network stability requirements are high

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4. RAID

JBOD: A set of disks in the same disk cabinet, does not provide fault tolerance, raise the small, due to a jbod defect occurred raid.

Striped: Raid is a data stripe independent disk that classifies multiple drives into a single logical storage unit combination.

Levels: Each level has different cost, performance, and fault-tolerant benefits.

Raid:

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JBOD:

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RAID Level 0: Stripe set

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RAID Level 1: Mirroring

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RAID Level 3: Stripe set for a dedicated disk check

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RAID Level 5: Stripe set for distributed checksums

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RAID Level 10:

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RAID Level 30:

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RAID Level 50:

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RAID level comparison:

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RAID0: There is no checksum for parallel transmissions.

RAID1: The capacity utilization ratio is half, redundant quantity is big.

RAID3: Parallel transmission, special disk parity, suitable for big data.

RAID5: Parallel transmission, non-special disk parity, suitable for small data.

RAID10: half RAID1 half RAID0.

5, not to be continued to supplement.

Storage Technology fundamentals-storage architecture and raid