STRUTS 2.2.1 Error, can not start

Severity: Dispatcher initialization failed
Java.lang.RuntimeException:java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerimpl$methodinjector.inject (containerimpl.java:295)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerimpl$constructorinjector.construct (containerimpl.java:431)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$5.create (containerbuilder.java:207)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.scope$2$1.create (scope.java:51)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$3.create (containerbuilder.java:93)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$7.call (containerbuilder.java:487)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$7.call (containerbuilder.java:484)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext (containerimpl.java:574)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder.create (containerbuilder.java:484)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.createBootstrapContainer (Defaultconfiguration.java : 252)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer (defaultconfiguration.java:193)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration (configurationmanager.java:66)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration (dispatcher.java:371)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init (dispatcher.java:415)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher (initoperations.java:69)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init ( STRUTSPREPAREANDEXECUTEFILTER.JAVA:51)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter (applicationfilterconfig.java:275)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef (applicationfilterconfig.java:397)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterconfig.<init> (applicationfilterconfig.java:108)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart (standardcontext.java:3693)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start (standardcontext.java:4340)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal (containerbase.java:791)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild (containerbase.java:771)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild (standardhost.java:525)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory (hostconfig.java:920)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories (hostconfig.java:883)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps (hostconfig.java:492)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start (hostconfig.java:1138)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent (hostconfig.java:311)
At Org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent (lifecyclesupport.java:117)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start (containerbase.java:1053)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start (standardhost.java:719)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start (containerbase.java:1045)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start (standardengine.java:443)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start (standardservice.java:516)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start (standardserver.java:710)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start (catalina.java:566)
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:39)
At Sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:25)
At Java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (method.java:597)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start (bootstrap.java:288)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main (bootstrap.java:413)
caused by:java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:39)
At Sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:25)
At Java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (method.java:597)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerimpl$methodinjector.inject (containerimpl.java:293)
... More
caused By:java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory.setContainer (ognlvaluestackfactory.java:85)
... More
caused By:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:Javassist library is missing in classpath! Please add missed dependency!
At OGNL. Ognlruntime.<clinit> (ognlruntime.java:165)
... More
Caused by:java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:javassist. Classpool
At Org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass (webappclassloader.java:1358)
At Org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass (webappclassloader.java:1204)
At Java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal (classloader.java:320)
At JAVA.LANG.CLASS.FORNAME0 (Native Method)
At Java.lang.Class.forName (class.java:169)
At OGNL. Ognlruntime.<clinit> (ognlruntime.java:162)
... More
2010-12-9 17:23:07 Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext Filterstart
Severity: Exception Starting filter Struts2
Java.lang.reflect.invocationtargetexception-class:com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerimpl$methodinjector
File:ContainerImpl.java
Method:inject
Line:295-com/opensymphony/xwork2/inject/containerimpl.java:295:-1
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init (dispatcher.java:428)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher (initoperations.java:69)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init ( STRUTSPREPAREANDEXECUTEFILTER.JAVA:51)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter (applicationfilterconfig.java:275)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef (applicationfilterconfig.java:397)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterconfig.<init> (applicationfilterconfig.java:108)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart (standardcontext.java:3693)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start (standardcontext.java:4340)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal (containerbase.java:791)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild (containerbase.java:771)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild (standardhost.java:525)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory (hostconfig.java:920)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories (hostconfig.java:883)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps (hostconfig.java:492)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start (hostconfig.java:1138)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent (hostconfig.java:311)
At Org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent (lifecyclesupport.java:117)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start (containerbase.java:1053)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start (standardhost.java:719)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start (containerbase.java:1045)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start (standardengine.java:443)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start (standardservice.java:516)
At Org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start (standardserver.java:710)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start (catalina.java:566)
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:39)
At Sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:25)
At Java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (method.java:597)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start (bootstrap.java:288)
At Org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main (bootstrap.java:413)
caused by:java.lang.RuntimeException:java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerimpl$methodinjector.inject (containerimpl.java:295)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerimpl$constructorinjector.construct (containerimpl.java:431)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$5.create (containerbuilder.java:207)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.scope$2$1.create (scope.java:51)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$3.create (containerbuilder.java:93)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$7.call (containerbuilder.java:487)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerbuilder$7.call (containerbuilder.java:484)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext (containerimpl.java:574)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder.create (containerbuilder.java:484)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.createBootstrapContainer (Defaultconfiguration.java : 252)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer (defaultconfiguration.java:193)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration (configurationmanager.java:66)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration (dispatcher.java:371)
At Org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init (dispatcher.java:415)
... More
caused by:java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
At Sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:39)
At Sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:25)
At Java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (method.java:597)
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.containerimpl$methodinjector.inject (containerimpl.java:293)
... More
caused By:java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
At Com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory.setContainer (ognlvaluestackfactory.java:85)
... More
caused By:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:Javassist library is missing in classpath! Please add missed dependency!
At OGNL. Ognlruntime.<clinit> (ognlruntime.java:165)
... More
Caused by:java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:javassist. Classpool
At Org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass (webappclassloader.java:1358)
At Org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass (webappclassloader.java:1204)
At Java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal (classloader.java:320)
At JAVA.LANG.CLASS.FORNAME0 (Native Method)
At Java.lang.Class.forName (class.java:169)
At OGNL. Ognlruntime.<clinit> (ognlruntime.java:162)
... More

When using struts-2.2.1, it is necessary to introduce Javassist-3.7.ga.jar, which is not in struts-2.2.1/lib, and needs to be struts-2.2.1/apps/ Struts2-blank-2.2.1.war under the Lib in search.

This concludes with a bit of experience: each version needs a package that may be different, so the quickest way is to download struts-2.2.1-all.zip, the simplest struts2-blank in the application instance is the most basic package. For example, the 2.1.x version needs to be commons-logging-1.0.4.jar,2.2.1.