Summary of Apple development knowledge and Apple development knowledge

Summary of Apple development knowledge and Apple development knowledge

I have been doing Apple development for a long time. I have been in this industry for about four years. I started from a training company in Beijing to study iOS development, find a job, lose a job, lose confidence, and return to development. The process is complex. Today, I will summarize some of the operations that are commonly used in Apple computer operations and development environment XCODE and Common Terminal commands.

　　First, summarize the operations of the Apple system.

1.Mac system shortcut key symbol. This is crucial, because when we open a software, the shortcut keys often use the symbols shown in the figure below to represent the buttons of the actual keyboard.

For example, XCODE

If you do not know the keys represented by these images, you cannot use the shortcut keys.

　

 

2. Basic shortcuts

Command-Z undo

Command-X cut

Command-C Copy)

Command-V Paste

Command-A select All (All)

Command-S Save)

Command-F Find)

 

2. Shortcut Keys

Command-Shift-4 captures the selected screen area to a file

Command-Shift-3 captures all screens to files

Command-Shift-Control-3 capture all the screens to the clipboard

Command-Shift-4 captures the selected screen area to a file, or press the Space key to capture only one window

Command-Shift-Control-4 captures the selected screen area to the clipboard, or press the Space key to capture only one window

 

3. General application shortcut keys

Command-Option-esc open force exit window

Command-H Hide (Hide) the currently running application window

Command-Option-H Hide (Hide) other application windows

Command-Q exit (Quit) the first application

Command-Shift-Z Redo, that is, the Undo reverse operation

Command-Tab transfers the list of opened applications to the next recently used application, which is equivalent to Alt + Tab in Windows)

Command-Option-esc open the force exit window. If an application does not respond, select force exit from the window list.

　　

4. Text Processing

Command-the right arrow moves the cursor to the end of the row

Command-B switch the selected text to Bold display

Fn-Delete is equivalent to the Delete operation on the PC's full-size keyboard, that is, deleting backwards.

Fn-Page Up)

Fn-Down Arrow scroll Down a Page (Page Down)

Fn-scroll to the beginning of the document (Home) with the left arrow)

Fn-right arrow scroll to the End of the document)

Command-the right arrow moves the cursor to the end of the row

Command-move the cursor to the beginning of the row with the left arrow

Command-The down arrow moves the cursor to the end of the document

Command-The up arrow moves the cursor to the beginning of the document

Option-move the cursor to the end of the next word with the right arrow

Option-move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word with the left arrow

Move Control-A to the beginning of A row or paragraph

 

5. Finder

Command-Option-V cut the file

Command-Shift-N create a folder (New)

Command-Shift-G call-up window, you can enter the absolute path to the folder (Go)

Return is not a shortcut. Click the file and press it to rename the file.

Command-O open the option. Opening a file on Mac is not like directly pressing Enter in Windows.

Command-Option-V is equivalent to file cutting in Windows. Copy the file (Command-C) elsewhere. Press this shortcut key at the destination location to cut the file to this location.

Command-The up arrow opens the folder containing the current folder, which is equivalent to "up" in Windows"

Command-Delete: Move the file to the recycle bin

Command-Shift-Delete clear the wastepaper basket

Space key to quickly view the selected file, that is, the preview function

 

6. Safari

Control-Tab to the next Tab

Command-L jump directly to the address bar

Control-Tab to the next Tab

Control-Shift-Tab switch to the previous Tab

Command-plus sign or equal sign enlarge page

Command-scale down the page

 

XCODE shortcuts

1. Xcode is mainly used to operate the display and hiding of XCODE and some environment settings.

 

Preferences are used to set Xcode environments, such as the color and size of the Code Editor text.

 

2. File is used to operate projects, create files, open projects, and so on.

 

New

Comman + N create a file

 

3. Edit is used to Edit files, and class names can be renamed.

4. View is used to display some Xcode windows.

5. Find is used to Find and replace the text in the project.

6. Navigate navigation

7. Editor

8. The Product is used to run and debug projects.

9. Debug

10. Source Control

11. Window

12. Help

 

Terminal commands

How to enter the command line operation mode

Open the application-utility-terminal with finder in the graphic interface

Basic commands

List objects

Ls parameter directory name

For example, I want to see what is in the directory,

Ls/

Want to see what is in the driver directory,

Ls/System/Library/Extensions

Parameter-w displays Chinese characters,-l details,-a includes hidden files

　Conversion directory

Cd

For example, think of a loop in the driver directory.

Cd/System/Library/Extensions

　Create a new directory

Mkdir directory name

For example, create a backup directory backup under the driver directory.

Mkdir/System/Library/Extensions/backup

Create a backup directory backup on the desktop

Mkdir/User name/Desktop/backup

Copy an object

Cp parameter source file target file

For example, you want to copy the Natit. kext file on the desktop to the driver directory.

Cp-R/User name/Desktop/Natit. kext/System/Library/Extensions

The R parameter indicates recursive operation on the directory. kext looks like a file on the GUI, but actually a folder.

Back up all files in the driver directory to the desktop backup

Cp-R/System/Library/Extensions/*/User name/Desktop/backup

　　Delete an object

Rm parameter file (rm-rf folder)

For example, you want to delete the driver cache.

Rm-rf/System/Library/Extensions. kextcache

Rm-rf/System/Library/Extensions. mkext

Parameter-rf indicates recursion and force. Be careful when using this parameter. If you run rm-rf/your system, it's all gone.

　Move files

Mv File

For example, you want to move AppleHDA. Kext to the desktop.

Mv/System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA. kext/User name/Desktop

I want to move AppleHDA. Kext to the backup directory.

Mv/System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA. kext/System/Library/Extensions/backup

　Change File Permissions

Chmod parameter permission file (# add ch stands for change)

For example, set all files in the driver directory to root for read and write, while other users are read-only.

Chmod-R 755/System/Library/Extensions

The R parameter indicates recursion, and 755 indicates the permissions of each user.

　Change file owner

Chown parameter User: group file

For example, change the owner of all files in the driver directory to the root user.

Chown-R root: wheel/System/Library/Extensions

The R parameter indicates recursive operation.

Fix file permissions in the entire system

Diskutil repairpermissions/

Strictly speaking, this is not a unix Command, but an osx software. Remember to modify or add the driver and execute it once.

　　Text editing

Nano file name

For example, edit natit Info. plist.

Nano/System/Library/Extensions/Natit. kext/Info. plist

After editing, press Ctrl + O to save the disk, and press Ctrl + X to exit.

Another text editing software is vi, which has some odd operations and is very easy to use. It is also used in all Unix-like systems.

　Run the script command

Sh script file name

For example, after the driver is modified, all required operations are saved as a script. After the driver is modified, you only need to run the script once.

1. Run nano/clean in the terminal

2. paste the following code into nano.

Rm-rf/System/Library/Extensions. kextcache

Rm-rf/System/Library/Extensions. mkext

Chown-R root: wheel/System/Library/Extensions

Chmod-R 755/System/Library/Extensions

Diskutil repairpermissions/

Kextcache-k/System/Library/Extensions/

3. Press Ctrl + O to save the disk, press Ctrl + X to exit

4. Run sh/clean once on the terminal as long as the driver is activated.

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Tips

　　Use the Tab key to automatically complete the command

For example, enter cd/Sy in the/System directory and press the Tab key. The command is automatically merged into cd/System.

Operate files and directories with spaces in names

The space is written as a space in the command. For example, to enter My Documents, the command is cd My Documents ENTs.

　　View Detailed Help of commands

Man command name (# add manual)

For example, to view the detailed usage of the ls command, execute man ls

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　Typical operation process

(Assuming that the cleanup script has been prepared, remember that sudo-s obtained the system permission before each operation)

Assume that you have downloaded a graphics card driver Natit.zip and obtained a Natit. kext file from the desktop. How can this problem be solved?

To be safe, back up all drivers first.

Mkdir/User name/Desktop/backup create a backup folder on the Desktop

Cp-R/System/Library/Extensions/*/User name/Desktop/backup driver File

Now you can install it with peace of mind.

Cp-R/User name/Desktop/Natit. kext/System/Library/Extensions copy it to the System driver directory

Sh/clean: Execute the cleanup script. The operation is complete.

An error occurred while restarting the desktop. I found that the driver should not be installed. How can I restore it?

Press f8. start with the-s parameter.

Run mount-uw/

Rm-rf/User name/Desktop/Natit. kext Delete this driver

Sh/clean: Execute the cleanup script. The operation is complete.

Restart and return to the original status. Don't worry. How can I do without special effects? I heard that I need to modify the Info. plist file of Natit.

Cp-R/User name/Desktop/Natit. kext/System/Library/Extensions copy it to the System driver directory

Nano/System/Library/Extensions/Natit. kext/Info. plist

After editing, press Ctrl + O to save the disk, and press Ctrl + X to exit.

Sh/clean: Execute the cleanup script. The operation is complete.

Restart. By the way, all the video effects are available. It's time to get the sound card. You know what will happen, and you have to protect the existing results.

Mkdir/User name/Desktop/gooddrivers create a directory for the effective driver

Cp-R/System/Library/Extensions/Natit. kext/User name/Desktop/gooddrivers backup

This sound card requires that AppleHDA. kext be deleted and edited. Who knows if AppleHDA will be used in the future.

Mkdir/System/Library/Extensions/disabled

Mv/System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA. kext/System/Library/Extensions/disabled move past

Nano/System/Library/Extensions/Natit. kext/AppleAzaliaAudio. kext/Info. plist

After editing, press Ctrl + O to save the disk, and press Ctrl + X to exit.

Sh/clean: Execute the cleanup script. The operation is complete.

 

Code Management Tools

I am using SourceTree and can use git to manage projects.

 

File comparison

Visual diff

 

Developers can use virtual machines. For more information, see this blog.

 

END!