Summary of common DOS commands

Common internal commands are MD, CD, RD, DIR, PATH, COPY, TYPE, EDIT, REN, DEL, CLS, VER, DATE, time, PROMPT.
Common external commands are deltree, FORMAT, DISKCOPY, LABEL, VOL, SYS, XCOPY, FC, ATTRIB, MEM, TREE.

Switch to other drive letter D:

1. md--Creating subdirectories
Function: Create a new subdirectory
Type: Internal command ü
Format: md[drive letter: [pathname]〈 subdirectory name]
For 1:
C:\>MD y/*---create y subdirectory---*/

2. cd--changing the current directory
Function: Display current directory ü
Type: Internal command ü
Format: cd[drive letter: [pathname] [subdirectory name]
Description: The CD command cannot change the current disk, CD. Back to the previous level, cd\ indicates that the current directory name is displayed when the CD has no parameters when returned to the current disk directory.
for 2:
C:\>CD y/*---Show current directory y---*/

3. rd--Delete subdirectories command
Function: Removes the directory from the specified disk.
Type: Internal command ü
Format: rd[drive letter: [pathname] [subdirectory name]
For 3:
C:\>rd y

4. dir--Display Disk Directory command
Function: Displays the contents of the disk directory.
Type: Internal command ü
Format: DIR [Drive letter] [path][/p][/w]
For 4:
C:\>dir y

5. path--Path Setup Command
Function: The search path of the device executable file, only valid for the file.
Type: Internal command ü
Format: path[drive letter 1] directory [pathname 1]{[; drive letter 2:],〈 directory pathname 2〉 ...}
For 5:
C:\>path
Path=c:\windows; C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND; C:\PROGRAMFILES\MTS
6. Copy File Replication command
ü Function: Copy one or more files to the specified disk.
Type: Internal command ü
Format: copyü[source Disk [path]〈 source file name 〉[target disk] [path] [target file name]
For 6_1:
C:\>copy Yyy.txt yyy
1 file (s) copied
C:\yyy>dir yyy
YYY TXT 8 11-23-03 19:21/*---now use the dir command to view the replication situation---*/
Note: If you are copying multiple files to a new file, the command is such as copy [source disk] [path]〈 source a〉+[source disk] [path]〈 source file b〉[Target disk] [path] [target filename]
For 6_2:
C:\>copy X.txt+y.txt xy.t
X.txt
Y.txt
1 file (s) copied

7. type--Display file Contents command
Function: Displays the contents of the ASCII code file. U
Type: Internal command. U
ü Format: type[drive letter: [path]〈 filename]
For 7:
C:\>trpe yyy.txt/*---Assume that there is a yyy.txt file in the C drive directory---*/

8. edit--Edit File Contents command
1. Function: Edit the contents of the ASCII file, or create a new file.
2. Type: Internal command.
3. edit[drive: [path]〈 filename]
Description: Edit allows the content of an ASCII file to be edited, or a new file can be created, and their extension naming is also flexible, such as. txt,. bat, and even the format of. C,. Bas can be edited.
For 8_1:
C:\>edit/* Enter edit mode */
For 8_2:
C:\>edit yyy.txt/*---Edit the contents of the Yyy.txt file, if you want to choose to support the Chinese format, you should install ucdos---*/

9. ren--File Rename command
ü Function: Change file name
Type: Internal command ü
Format: ren[drive: [path]〈 old file name 〉〈 new file name 〉ü
For 9:
C:\>ren Yyy.txt Cly.txt

10. del--Delete File command
Function: Deletes the specified file. U
Type: Internal command ü
ü Format: del[drive letter: [path]〈 filename 〉[/p]
Note: Choose/p parameter, the system before the deletion to ask whether you really want to delete the file, if you do not use this parameter, it is automatically deleted.

11. cls--Clear Screen Command
ü Function: Clear all the display on the screen, the cursor is placed in the upper left corner of the screen.
Type: Internal command ü
Format: Clsü
For 11:
C:\>cls

12. Ver View the System version number command
Function: Displays the current system version number ü
Type: Internal command ü
ü Format: VER
For 12:
C:\>ver
Windows 98 [Version 4.10.2222]/*---The version number of the current system---*/

13. Data Date Setting command
Function: Sets or displays the system date. U
Type: Internal command ü
ü Format: date[mm-dd-yy]
For 13:
C:\>date
Current date is Sun 11-23-2
Enter new Date (MM-DD-YY):/*---prompts you to enter a date---*/

14. Time System Clock Setup command
Function: Sets or displays the system period. U
Type: Internal command ü
ü Format: time[hh:mm:ss:xx]
For 14:
C:\>time
Current time is 22:49:28.81
Enter New Time:

15. PROMPT: Changing the command prompt
ü Function: Change the style of the DOS system prompt.

Add:

1. Dir
dir is an abbreviation for the English word directory (directory), which is used primarily to display files and subdirectories in a directory.
[format] dir [Drive letter] [path]
2.md--Create directory
It is in the format "md[" [path], such as "MD TEMP". The
3.rd--Delete directory
is formatted as "RD [Drive letter] [path]".
4.cd--into the specified directory
format is "CD [path]", for example, "CD HAPPY
5.copy--Copy File
" in the format "copy[source directory or file" [Destination directory or file
6.del--Delete file
format as " DEL [Drive letter] [path] [filename] [parameter] "
7.ren--renamed
" REN [formerly] [present name]
8.type--display text file
format "type[file name]"
9.discopy--disk Copy br>[format] diskcopy source drive name
10.deltree--Delete directory tree
[format][c:][path]deltree [c1:][path1] [[C2:][path2] [...]
mem--See how much memory you have on your computer, and how your memory is being used.
[format] Type the MEM command directly
12.chkdsk--check your disk usage.
[format] CHKDSK disk name
13.cls--clears the contents of the monitor screen so that the DOS prompt is to the upper-left corner of the screen.
[format] CLS
14.time--display and set DOS system time
[format] time[hh[:mm[:ss[.cc]]
15.FORMAT (format.com)--format command
formatted as " format[] [parameter] ", for example:" FORMAT A:/S ". It has two common parameters:
/Q: For quick formatting;
/S: To complete the format and copy the system boot file to the disk.
16.FDISK (Fdisk.EXE)--partition command

Uname display version information (same as Win2K ver)
DIR Displays the current directory file, Ls-al display includes hidden files (dir with Win2K)
PWD Query the directory location where you are currently located
CD CD. Go back to the previous level and note the CD with the. There are spaces between them. CD/Return to the root directory.
Cat file name view file contents
Cat >abc.txt The contents of the Abc.txt file.
More file names display a text file in a page-by-page fashion.
CP Copy File
MV Moving files
RM file name Delete file, rm-a directory name delete directory and subdirectories
mkdir Directory name creation directory
RmDir Delete subdirectories, there are no documents in the directory.
chmod setting access rights to files or directories
Grep finds a string in the archive
Diff file Comparison
Find Archive Search
Date, time of day
Who queries the person who is currently using the same machine as you and the login time location
W Query the details of the current person on the machine
WhoAmI to see your account name
Groups to see someone's group
passwd Change Password
History View the commands you've been under
PS Display process Status
Kill stops a process
GCC hackers usually use it to compile files written in C language.
The SU permission is converted to the specified consumer
Telnet IP Telnet connects to the other host (same as Win2K), indicating that the connection was successful when bash$ was present.
FTP FTP connection on a server (same as Win2K)

Network Command Daquan

Compmgmt.msc Computer Management
net stop Messenger stop messenger Service
Conf start NetMeeting
Dvdplay DVD Player
Charmap Startup character Mapping table
Diskmgmt.msc Disk Management Utility
Calc Startup Calculator
Dfrg.msc Disk Defragmenter
Chkdsk.exe CHKDSK disk check
Devmgmt.msc Device Manager
regsvr32/u *.dll Stop DLL file run
DrWtsn32 System Doctor
DxDiag checking DirectX Information
Regedt32 Registry Editor
Msconfig.exe System Configuration Utility
RSOP.MSC Group Policy Result set
Mem.exe Display Memory usage
Regedit.exe Registration Form
Winchat XP comes with LAN chat
ProgMan Program Manager
WINMSD System Information
Perfmon.msc Computer Performance Monitoring Program
Winver checking the Windows version
Sfc/scannow Scan error and restore
Taskmgr Task Manager (2000/XP/2003)
Gpedit.msc Group Policy
SNDREC32 Recorder
Nslookup IP Address Detector
Explorer Open Resource Manager
Logoff Logout command
Tsshutdn 60 seconds Countdown shutdown command
Lusrmgr.msc Native Users and Groups
Services.msc Local Service settings
OOBE/MSOOBE/A Check if XP is active
Notepad Open Notepad
Cleanmgr Waste Finishing
net start Messenger Messenger Service


Complete Windows Run command


Winver checking the Windows version
DxDiag checking DirectX Information
Mem.exe Display Memory usage
SNDVOL32 Volume Control Program
Sfc.exe System File Checker
Gpedit.msc Group Policy
Regedit.exe Registration Form
Msconfig.exe System Configuration Utility
Cmd.exe cmd command prompt
Chkdsk.exe CHKDSK disk check
Mem.exe Display Memory usage
Gpedit.msc Group Policy
Regedit.exe Registration Form
Msconfig.exe System Configuration Utility
Cmd.exe cmd command prompt
Services.msc Service
Lusrmgr.msc Local account Management
DrWtsn32 System Doctor
Cleanmgr Waste Finishing
IExpress Trojan Bundle tool, System comes with
MMC console
Dcpromo Active Directory Installation
ntbackup system backup and restore
Rononce-p 15 seconds to turn off the machine
Taskmgr Task Manager
Conf start NetMeeting
Devmgmt.msc Device Manager
Diskmgmt.msc NT Disk Manager
Compmgmt.msc Computer Management
Winchat LAN Chat
Dvdplay DVD Player
Mplayer2 Simple Widnowsmedia Player
MSPaint drawing board
Nslookup Tools for network management
SYSKEY system encryption, once encrypted can not be solved, to protect the Windows XP system dual Password
Wupdmgr widnows UPDATE
CLIPBRD Clipboard Viewer
ODBCAD32 ODBC Data Source Manager
Nslookup IP Address Detector

CMD command Daquan

For more information about a command, type the help command name


Xp. CMD command Daquan


For more information about a command, type the help command name
ASSOC Displays or modifies file name extension associations.
At Schedules commands and programs to run on the computer.
ATTRIB Display or change file properties.
Break sets or clears the extended CTRL + C check.
CACLS displays or modifies the file's access control List (ACLs).
Call calls this one from another batch program.
The CD displays the name of the current directory or changes it.
CHCP Displays or sets the number of active code pages.
CHDIR displays the name of the current directory or changes it.
CHKDSK checks the disk and displays the status report.
CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the startup time disk check.
CLS clears the screen.
CMD opens another Windows command interpreter window.
Color sets the default console foreground and background color.
COMP compares the contents of two or two sets of files.
Compact displays or changes the compression of files on NTFS partitions.
Convert converts a FAT volume to NTFS. You cannot convert
The current drive.
Copy copies at least one of the files to another location.
Date Displays or sets dates.
DEL deletes at least one file.
DIR displays the files and subdirectories in a directory.
DISKCOMP compares the contents of two floppy disks.
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another.
DOSKEY Edit the command line, invoke the Windows command, and create a macro.
echo Displays the message, or turns the command back on or off.
Endlocal to end localization of environment changes in batch files.
ERASE Delete at least one file.
Exit CMD. EXE Program (command interpreter).
FC compares two or two sets of files and displays
Different places.
Find searches the file for a text string.
FINDSTR searches for strings in the file.
For each file in a set of files, run a specified command.
Format formats the disk for use with Windows.
FTYPE displays or modifies the file types used for file name extension associations.
GOTO to point the Windows command interpreter to a batch program
One of the indicated rows in the
GRAFTABL enable Windows to display in image mode
Extended character Set.
Help provides information about Windows commands.
IF you perform conditional processing in a batch program.
Label creates, changes, or deletes a disk's volume label.
MD to create a directory.
MKDIR Create a directory.
MODE configures the system device.
More displays a result screen at a time.
Move moves files from one directory to another.
Path displays or sets the search path for the executable file.
Pause pauses processing of batch files and displays messages.
POPD restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.
Print prints a text file.
PROMPT change the Windows command prompt.
PUSHD Save the current directory and make changes to it.
RD Delete directory.
RECOVER recovers readable information from the problematic disk.
REM records comments in a batch file or Config.sys.
REN renames the file.
RENAME Rename the file.
Replace replaces the file.
RMDIR Delete the directory.
Set to display, set, or remove Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL the localization of the environment changes in the batch file.
SHIFT replaces the position of replaceable parameters in the batch file.
Sort to categorize the input.
Start starts another window to run the specified program or command.
SUBST associates the path with a drive letter.
Time displays or sets the system times.
The TITLE sets CMD. The window caption of the EXE session.
Tree displays the directory structure of a drive or path in graphical mode.
TYPE Displays the contents of the text file.
VER shows the version of Windows.
VERIFY tell Windows whether to verify that the file is correct
Write to disk.
VOL Displays the disk volume label and serial number.
XCOPY copies files and directory trees.


Appwiz.cpl------------Add a Remove program

Control userpasswords2--------User account Settings

cleanmgr-------Waste Finishing

The CMD--------------command prompt can be thought of as an attachment to Windows that Ping,convert these features that cannot be used in a graphical environment.

CMD------jview View the Java Virtual Machine version.


Command.com------Call is the system built-in NTVDM, a DOS virtual machine. It is completely a virtual PC-like environment, and the system itself is not very connected. When we run a DOS program at the command prompt, it is actually automatically transferred to the NTVDM virtual machine, which has nothing to do with the CMD itself.


Calc-----------Start Calculator

Chkdsk.exe-----CHKDSK disk Check

Compmgmt.msc---Computer Management

Conf-----------start NetMeeting

Control USERPASSWORDS2-----User account permission settings

Devmgmt.msc---Device Manager

Diskmgmt.msc---Disk Management utility

Dfrg.msc-------Disk Defragmenter

DRWTSN32------System Doctor

Dvdplay--------Start Media Player

DxDiag-----------DirectX Diagnostic Tool

gpedit.msc-------Group Policy Editor

Gpupdate/target:computer/force Force Refresh Group Policy

Eventvwr.exe-----Event Viewer

Explorer-------Open Resource Manager

Logoff---------Logoff command

Lusrmgr.msc----native Users and Groups

Msinfo32---------System Information

Msconfig---------System Configuration Utility

net start (servicename)----start the service

net stop (servicename)-----Stop the Service

Notepad--------Open Notepad

Nusrmgr.cpl-------with Control userpasswords, open the user Account Control Panel

Nslookup-------IP Address detector

oobe/msoobe/a----Check if XP is active

PERFMON.MSC----Computer Performance monitoring Program

ProgMan--------Program Manager

Regedit----------Registry Editor

Regedt32-------Registry Editor

regsvr32/u *.dll----Stop DLL file to run

Route print------View the routing table

Rononce-p----15-second shutdown

Rsop.msc-------Group Policy result set

rundll32.exe rundll32.exe%systemroot%system32shimgvw.dll,imageview_fullscreen----Start a blank Windows Picture and Fax Viewer

Secpol.msc--------Local Security Policy

Services.msc---Local Service settings

Sfc/scannow-----Boot System File Checker

SNDREC32-------Recorder

Taskmgr-----Task Manager (for 2000/xp/2003)

TSSHUTDN-------60-second Countdown shutdown command

Winchat--------XP comes with LAN chat

WINMSD---------System Information

Winver-----Show Aboutwindows window

Wupdmgr-----------Windows Update

Registration Form

What is a registration form?
Starting with Windows 95, Microsoft introduced the concept of a registry (in English, registry) in Windows (in fact, it already has this concept in Windows NT). The registry is the core database for Windows 95 and Windows 98, and the tables contain parameters that directly control the startup of Windows, the loading of hardware drivers, and the normal operation of some Windows applications, if the registry is damaged by a whip. The light causes an exception to the startup process of Windows, which can cause a complete paralysis of the entire Windows system. Therefore, it is very important for Windows users to correctly recognize, modify, and back up the registry in a timely manner, as well as in the case of problems.

★ How to open the registration form? (Please back up before repairing the registry)
Click "Start" → run → input "regedit" → OK

★ One, the structure of the registration table and the relationship between
The Windows Registry has six key keys, equivalent to a hard disk being partitioned into six partitions.
You can run Registry Editor by entering Regedit in the Run dialog box, and then clicking the OK button.

The data organization structure of the Registry registry (System.dat, User.dat, Config.pol) in the Chinese version of Windows 98.
The registry has a total of six root keys. These root keys are capitalized and prefixed with HKEY_, which is based on the symbolic variable of the keyword of the registry function of the Win32 API.
Although in the registry, six root keys appear to be in a side-by-side position, with no relation to each other. But in fact, the information stored in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT and Hkey_current_config is part of the information stored in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, and the information stored in HKEY_CURRENT_USER is only HKEY_ Part of the information that users store.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE includes all the information in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT and HKEY_CURRENT_USER. After each system boot, the system maps the information in the HKEY_CURRENT_USER, allowing the user to view and edit the information in it.
In fact, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Classes is HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, for users to easily view and edit, the system is specifically used as a root key. Similarly, Hkey_current_config\sy-stem\currentcontrol is Hkey_local_machine\system\currentcontrol.
The user information for the default user and the currently logged on user is saved in HKEY_USERS. The user information for the currently logged on user is saved in HKEY_CURRENT_USER.
Hkey_dyn_data saves Dynamic Data when the system is running, which reflects the current state of the system and is not the same every time it is run, even on the same machine.
According to the above analysis, the information in the registry can be divided into HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE and HKEY_USERS two categories, these two categories of details please see the following introduction.

★ Two or six the function of the big root key
In the registry, all data is organized in a tree structure with keys and sub-keys, much like a directory structure. Each key contains a specific set of information, and the key names for each key are related to the information it contains. If the key contains a subkey, the left side of the folder that represents the key in the Registry Editor window will have a "+" sign to indicate that there is more content in the folder. If the folder is opened by the user, then this "+" will become "-".

1.hkey_users
This root key holds a list of user identities and passwords that are stored in the local computer's password list. The pre-configuration information for each user is stored in the HKEY_USERS root key. HKEY_USERS is one of the root keys that are accessed in a remote computer.

2.hkey_current_user
The root key contains the current logged-on user information that resides in the local workstation, including the user's logged in user name and the staged password (note: This password is hidden when it is entered). When the user logs on to Windows 98 o'clock, the information is copied from the corresponding item in the HKEY_USERS to HKEY_CURRENT_USER.

3.hkey_current_config
This root key holds data that defines the current user's desktop configuration (such as displays, etc.), the last document list (MRU), and other information about the installation of the Windows98 Chinese version of the current user. Figure 5 is a connection between the Hkey_current_config sub-keywords.

4.hkey_classes_root
Depending on the extension of the application installed in the English version of Windows 98, the root key indicates the name of its file type.
When you first install the Windows98 Chinese version, the RTF (richtext format) file is associated with WordPad (WordPad) &127;, but word is automatically activated when you double-click an RTF file after you install Chinese Word 6.0. The HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, which is stored in SYSTEM.DAT, replaces the setting item in the [extensions]&127; section of the Win.ini file, which links the application to the file name extension and replaces Windows 3. A similar setting in the Reg.dat file in X.

5.hkey_local_machine
The root key holds the local computer hardware data, which is included in the SYSTEM.DAT to provide the information required by the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, or in a set of keys that can be accessed on the remote computer.
Many of the subkeys in the root key are similar to those set in the System.ini file. Figure 7 shows the situation between the various sub-keys under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key.

6.hkey_dyn_data
This root key holds the system's Dynamic Data at run time, and this data is changed each time it is displayed, so the information under this root key is not placed in the registry. Figure 8 shows the individual sub-keys under the Hkey_dyn_data root key.

★ Third, the important contents of the registration form
The registry is a large database registry. To analyze the database in detail, not one or two pages can be introduced. I have spent more than half a year analyzing this database structure. Here are just a few important things to do.

A Hkey_class_root
1.hkey_class_root/paint.pricture/defaulticon Double-click the default string on the right side of the window, delete the original "key value" in the Open dialog box, and enter% 1. After restarting, open the Windows directory in "My Computer", select "Big icon", and then you see the BMP file icon is no longer a mspaint icon, but the outline of each BMP file (if not installed acdsee and so on to see the picture software).

Two HKey_Current_User
The new string value name menushowdelay=0 in 1.hkey_current_user\control Panel\Desktop increases the pop-up speed of the submenu in the Start menu.
2. Create a new string value name MinAnimate in Hkey_current_user\controlpanel\deskt-op\windowsmeterics with a value of 1 to start the animation effect Switch window with a value of 0 to cancel the animation effect.

(c) HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
1.hkey_local_machine\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\explorer\usershell folders Save the path to your personal folders and favorites.

2.hkey_local_machine\system\currentcontrol-set\control\keyboard Layouts saves the language used by the keyboard and various Chinese input methods.

3.hkey_local_machine\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\uninstall Saving installed Windows application Uninstall information

Summary of common DOS commands