Summary of usage of string classes in standard C + + [reprint]__c++

Original address

I believe that the use of MFC programming friends to CString this kind of impression should be very profound. Indeed, the CString class in MFC is really convenient and easy to use. But if you leave the MFC framework, there are no classes that are easy to use. The answer is yes. Some people may say that even without the MFC framework, you can find ways to use the API in MFC, the specific operation method at the end of this article gives the operation method. In fact, many people may well ignore the use of string classes in standard C + +. The string class provided in standard C + + is also very powerful and can generally be used when we develop projects. Now the specific use of a part of the list below, only to play a role in the bar, well, less nonsense, directly to the point of it.

To use the string class in standard C + +, you must include the

#include <string>//attention is <string>, not <string.h>, with. h is the header file in C language.

Using Std::string;

Using Std::wstring;

Or

using namespace Std;

Below you can use string/wstring, which correspond to char and wchar_t respectively.

The use of string and wstring is the same, and the following is described in string only:

Constructor of String class:

String (const char *s); Class with C string S.
string (int N,char c); Class with N-character C
In addition, the string class also supports default constructors and copy constructors, such as String s1;string s2= "Hello," which is the correct notation. A Length_error exception is thrown when the constructed string is too long to be expressed;

Character operations for string classes:
const char &operator[] (int n) const;
const char &at (int n) const;
Char &operator[] (int n);
char &at (int n);
Operator[] and at () both return the position of the nth character in the current string, but the at function provides a range check and throws a Out_of_range exception when the bounds are crossed, and the subscript operator [] does not provide check access.
const char *data () const;//returns a non-null terminated array of C characters
const char *C_STR () const;//returns a null-terminated C string
int copy (char *s, int n, int pos = 0) const;//copies n characters in the current string starting with Pos to an array of characters starting with S, returning the number of actual copies

Description of the attribute of string:
int capacity () const; Returns the current capacity (that is, the number of elements in string that do not need to increase memory)
int max_size () const; Returns the length of the largest string that can be stored in a string object
int size () const; Returns the size of the current string
int length () const; Returns the length of the current string
BOOL empty () const; Whether the current string is empty
void Resize (int len,char c);//Set the current size of the string to Len and fill in the insufficient part with character C

Input and output operations for the string class:
The string class overload operator operator>> is used for input, and the same overloaded operator operator<< is used for output operations.
function Getline (IStream &in,string &s), which is used to read a string from input stream in to s, separated by a newline character ' \ n '.

String Assignment:
String &operator= (const string &s);//Assign the string s to the current string
string &assign (const char *s); The C-type string s assignment
String &assign (const char *s,int n);////= n-word assignments value starting with C string s
String &assign (const string &s); Assigns the string s to the current string
string &assign (int n,char c);/////n character c assignment to current string
string &assign (const string &s,int start , int n);//Assignments The current string
string &assign (Const_iterator First,const_itertor last) with n characters from start in the string s; Assigns the part between the primary and last iterators to the string

String's connection:
String &operator+= (const string &s);//Connect the string s to the end of the current string
String &append (const char *s); Connect the C type string s to the end of the current string
String &append (const char *s,int n);//The first n words of the C type string s are fonts to the end of the current string
String &append (const string &s); With operator+= ()
String &append (const string &s,int pos,int N) fonts to the end of the current string with n words starting from POS in string s
String &append (int n,char c); Add n characters at the end of the current string C
String &append (Const_iterator first,const_iterator last);//Connect the portion of the iterator between the primary and last to the end of the current string

Comparison of String:
BOOL operator== (const string &s1,const string &s2) const;//compare two strings for equality
Operators ">", "<", ">=", "<=", "!=" are overloaded for string comparisons;
int compare (const string &s) const;//compares the current string and the size of s
int compare (int pos, int n,const string &s) const;//Compare the current string of n characters from Pos to the size of s
int compare (int pos, int n,const string &s,int pos2,int n2) const;//compares the current string of n characters from the beginning of a POS string with s

The size of the string consisting of N2 characters beginning with Pos2
int compare (const char *s) const;
int compare (int pos, int n,const char *s) const;
int compare (int pos, int n,const char *s, int pos2) const;
Compare function returns 0 when 1,< returns -1,== at >

Substring of string:
String substr (int pos = 0,int n = NPOs) const;//return of N-character strings starting with Pos

Exchange of String:
void Swap (string &s2); Swap the value of the current string and S2

Lookup function for String class:
int find (char c, int pos = 0) const;//Look for the character C at the position of the current string from the POS
int find (const char *s, int pos = 0) const;//The position of the string s in the current string starting from Pos
int find (const char *s, int pos, int n) const;//The position of the first n characters in the string s in the current string starting from the POS
int find (const string &s, int pos = 0) const;//The position of the string s in the current string starting from Pos
Returns the location of the String::npos when the lookup succeeds, and the failure returns the value of the
int RFind (char c, int pos = NPOs) const;//Find the position of the character C in the current string from the beginning of the POS
int rfind (const char *s, int pos = NPOs) const;
int rfind (const char *s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int RFind (const string &s,int pos = NPOs) const;
From the beginning of the POS find the position of the first n characters in the string s in the current string, successfully return to the position, and return the value of String::npos when the failure occurs
int find_first_of (char c, int pos = 0) const;//Find the first occurrence of character C from Pos
int find_first_of (const char *s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_of (const char *s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_first_of (const string &s,int pos = 0) const;
Starts from the POS to find the position of the first character in the current string in an array of the top n characters of S. Lookup failed return String::npos
int find_first_not_of (char c, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of (const char *s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of (const char *s, int pos,int n) const;
int find_first_not_of (const string &s,int pos = 0) const;
Finds the first occurrence of a character that is not in string s from the current string, and fails back to String::npos
int find_last_of (char c, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_of (const char *s, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_of (const char *s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int find_last_of (const string &s,int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_not_of (char c, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_not_of (const char *s, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_not_of (const char *s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_last_not_of (const string &s,int pos = NPOs) const;
Find_last_of and find_last_not_of are similar to find_first_of and find_first_not_of, just looking forward from the back

substitution function for String class:
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const char *s)//delete p0 characters starting from N0, then insert string s at P0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const char *s, int n);//delete p0 characters that are starting with the, and then insert the first n characters of the string s at N0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const string &s)//delete p0 characters starting from N0, then insert string s at P0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const string &s, int pos, int n);//delete p0 start n0 characters, then insert n characters from Pos in string s at P0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,int n, char c);//delete n0 characters starting p0, then insert n characters at P0
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const char *s);//replace the portion between [first0,last0) with the string s
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const char *s, int n);//Replace the part between [First0,last0] with the first n characters of S
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const string &s);//Replace the part between [First0,last0) with string s
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,int N, char c);//replace the portion between [first0,last0) with n characters c
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const_iterator-I, const_iterator last);//Put [First0, LAST0) is replaced by a string between [First,last]

Insert function for String class:
String &insert (int p0, const char *s);
String &insert (int p0, const char *s, int n);
String &insert (int p0,const string &s);
String &insert (int p0,const string &s, int pos, int n);
The first 4 functions insert the first n characters of the POS in the string s at the P0 position
String &insert (int p0, int n, char c);//This function inserts n characters c at p0
Iterator insert (iterator it, char c);//insert character C at it to return the position of the inserted post iterator
void Insert (iterator it, Const_iterator, const_iterator last);//insert characters between [first,last] at it
void Insert (iterator it, int n, char c);//insert n characters C at it

Delete function for String class
Iterator Erase (iterator primary, iterator last);//delete all characters between [First,last], return the position of the post-deletion iterator
Iterator Erase (iterator it); Remove the character that it points to, and return the position of the post-deletion iterator
String &erase (int pos = 0, int n = npos);//delete the N-character at the beginning of the POS, return the modified string

Iterator processing for string classes:
The string class provides iterator iterator for forward and backward traversal, which provides the syntax to access individual characters, similar to pointer operations, without the iterator checking the scope.
Declaring an iterator variable with string::iterator or String::const_iterator, Const_iterator does not allow changes to the contents of the iteration. Common iterator functions are:
Const_iterator begin () const;
Iterator begin (); Returns the starting position of a string
Const_iterator end () const;
Iterator End (); Returns the position after the last character of a string
Const_iterator rbegin () const;
Iterator Rbegin (); Returns the position of the last character of a string
Const_iterator rend () const;
Iterator rend (); Returns the front of the first character position of a string
Rbegin and rend are used for iterative access from backward forward, by setting the iterator String::reverse_iterator,string::const_reverse_iterator implementation

String Stream Processing:
By defining Ostringstream and Istringstream variable implementations, #include header file
For example:
String input ("Hello,this is a Test");
Istringstream is (input);
String S1,s2,s3,s4;
Is>>s1>>s2>>s3>>s4;//s1= "Hello,this", s2= "is", s3= "a", s4= "test"
Ostringstream OS;
os<<s1<<s2<<s3<<s4;
Cout<<os.str ();

The above is a brief introduction to the C + + string class. The use of good words it has the function will not be less than MFC CString class inferior how much, hehe, personal opinion.

Finally, describe how to reference some classes in MFC, such as CString, in an WIN32 application.

1. In the Engineering directory, right-click Select "Properties"-> "Configuration Properties"-> "General"-> "Use of MFC"-> "with MFC in a Static Library ",

The default is: "Use Standard Windows Libraries", as shown in the following figure:

2. Include #include <afxwin.h> before all of the header files you use, for example: You can include #include <afxwin.h> headers at the top of the stdafx.h file, so you can use it in your source code.

CString class, but there is also a drawback, that is, compiled the program is much larger than the original. I have tried a small program, choose "Use Standard Windows Libraries" compiled

Release version of about 92KB, using the "use of MFC in a Static Library" compiled release version of about 192KB, a full 100kb, this is a personal consideration ...