Ten Most common Linux distributions and target users

Do you know where the charm or power of Linux comes from? That is, due to the diversity of releases, the Linux camp is growing, and each release has a large number of users, developers voluntarily invest in related projects. Linux distributions are diverse and they are designed to meet every desired requirement. This article aims to briefly explain the existence of a release, the target users of the release, and what special features it has compared with other releases.

1. Debian

Debian runs extremely stably, making it ideal for servers. Debian usually maintains three formal software libraries and one non-free software library, which inspires several other releases (such as Ubuntu and Kali. The Debian operating system derives from multiple Linux distributions. It has more than 37500 software packages, and the only release that is better than Debian is Gentoo. Debian uses apt or aptitude to install and update software.

Debian is not suitable for new users, but for system administrators and advanced users. Debian supports most of today's architectures (processors ).

Download Debian ISO image: http://www.debian.org/distrib/

Debian installation with screen attached: Debian 7.0 "Wheezy" Installation Guide

Debian Linux

2. Gentoo

Like Debian, Gentoo also contains a large number of software packages. Gentoo does not appear in the form of pre-compilation, but needs to be compiled for each system each time. Even the Gentoo community finds it difficult to install and use Gentoo. However, Gentoo is considered to be the best learning object and can further understand the internal operating principles of the Linux operating system. Some people mentioned Gentoo said this: "If you want to use the Linux release, you should use it. If you have learned Gentoo, you will have learned Linux. "Gentoo uses portage to install and update software.

Gentoo is suitable for users who are familiar with Linux.

Download and install Gentoo: http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/where.xml

Gentoo Linux

3. Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a derivative version of Debian and the most popular free operating system today. Ubuntu focuses on its application in this market, which is common on servers, cloud computing, and even some mobile devices running Ubuntu Linux. As a derivative version of Debian Gnu Linux, most of the processes, appearances, and feelings of Ubuntu are still the same as those of Debian. It uses apt software management tools to install and update software. It is also one of the easiest releases available today. Ubuntu uses the apt-based package manager.

Ubuntu is a new operating system that must be put to rest.

Download Ubuntu ISO image: http://www.ubuntu.com/download

Install Ubuntu with screen: Ubuntu 13.04 "Raring Ringtail" Installation Guide

Ubuntu Linux

4. Damn Vulnerable Linux

Of course, most people may not hear about this release, but this release has a place in this article. So What's extraordinary about it? Damn Vulnerable Linux is exactly like its name: it literally means "Damn Vulnerable Linux ". Vulnerable Linux (DVL) is not an excellent Linux release in the general sense. It intentionally binds bad, improperly configured, outdated, and easily attacked by criminals.

It aims to train the Linux administrator by taking the opportunity. What is more useful than solving problems with a bad release version for Linux administrators? The trained administrator is busy with older or earlier versions of Apache, MySQL, PHP, FTP, and SSH.

Damn Vulnerable Linux is a lab designed to train administrators.

Download the Damn Vulnerable Linux (DVL) ISO image file: DVL_1.5_Infectious_Disease.iso

Damn Vulnerable Linux

5. Red Hat Enterprise Linux

This is the first Linux release for the commercial market. It has a server version and supports many processor architectures, including x86 and x86_64. Red Hat Certified System Administrators/Red Hat certified engineers (RHCSA/RHCE) are trained and certified by red hat. In the global market, 80% of the total profit comes from support, and the other 20% comes from training and certification, but not in India.

In India, 80% of the profits of RedHat are from certification and training, and only 20% are from support. Fedora is a platform, rather than a test environment for developing new products or applications. Once it becomes a stable version, it is bundled with Red Hat Enterprise Linux, including support. RedHat provides a lot of stable versions of applications, but it is well known that it costs a lot to package too many old packages. However, if security is the primary concern, Red Hat Enterprise Linux is indeed a perfect release, which uses the YUM Package Manager.

Redhat Enterprise Linux is the first choice for system administrators. It has a large number of packages and is well-placed for support.

This release is not free of charge because it is a commercial product. However, you can download the beta version for teaching purposes.

Download the Red Hat Enterprise Linux test version dvd iso image file: RedHat Enterprise Linux (test version)

RHEL 6 installation with screen attached: RHEL 6 Installation Guide

Note: Marc Ewin, who developed the release, often named the product as a red hat because he lost the red hat that he seemed to love very much, A hat is a gift from his grandfather for his birthday.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

6. CentOS

CentOS is an enterprise-level Linux release. It is built with free source code in Red Hat Enterprise-level Linux. This restructured version completely removes a minor change in the registered trademark and Binary Package. Some people don't want to pay a large sum of money, and they can appreciate the Red Hat Enterprise Linux; for them, CentOS is worth a try. In addition, the appearance and behavior of CentOS seem to be the same as that of the primary-release Red Hat Enterprise-level Linux. CentOS uses YUM to manage software packages.

A very stable package. Anyone who wants to test the operating principle of the server on the desktop should try this operating system.

Download CentOS 6.4 dvd iso image file: http://wiki.centos.org/Download

Install CentOS 6.4 With screen attached: CentOS 6.4 Installation Guide

CentOS Linux

7. Fedora

Small Fedora is suitable for those who want to try the most advanced technology and cannot wait for the stable version of the program to come out. In fact, Fedora is a testing platform of RedHat. Before the product becomes an enterprise release, it is developed and tested on the platform. Fedora is a very good release version with a large user forum and a large number of software packages in the software library. Fedora also uses YUM to manage software packages.

Download the Fedora 18 (Spherical Cow) dvd iso image file: http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora

On-screen installation of spherora 18 (Spherical Cow): Fedora 18 (Spherical Cow) Installation Guide

Fedora Linux

8. Kali Linux

Kali Linux is a derivative version of Debian. Kali is intended for penetration testing. It was released about three months ago. Kali was formerly known as Backtrack. All Binary software packages for Debian can be installed on Kali Linux, and the charm or power of Kali comes from this. In addition, the Debian-supported user forums add a lot of points to Kali. Kali comes with many penetration testing tools, including Wifi, database, and other tools. Kali uses APT to manage software packages.

There is no doubt that Kali Linux is a penetration testing tool, or an operating system favored by civilized hackers (I don't want to talk about malicious hackers.

Download the Kali Linux dvd iso image file: Kali Linux 6

Kali Linux

9. Arch Linux

Arch is an operating system that uses the rolling release method: it only needs to be installed once. Each time a new version is released, the release version can be upgraded without re-installation. Pacman is the Software Package Manager of Arch Linux. Arch Linux supports both the X86 processor architecture and the X86_64 architecture. The installer can run from a CD or USB flash disk. Arch aims to be simple from the developer's point of view rather than from the user's point of view. Arch is easy to configure and install. It is really a master-oriented release, so you can understand every detail of the Linux system.

Download Arch Linux ISO image file: https://www.archlinux.org/download/

Arch Linux

10. OpenSuse

The OpenSuse Linux release is free of charge and is not for commercial purposes and is still for personal use. The real competitor of OpenSuse is Redhat Enterprise Linux. It uses Yast to manage software packages. With Yast, it is very easy to use and manage server applications. In addition, the Yast Installation Wizard can be used to configure the email server, LDAP server, file server, or Web server without any unnecessary troubles. With the snapper snapshot management tool, the tool can restore or use old files, updates, and configurations. As Tumbleweed makes rolling Release versions possible, you can update installed operating systems to the latest version without any new release.

SUSE has a higher reputation as an administrator because it has Yast and other such applications that allow system administrators to automatically manage tasks. Other distributions of the same level do not have this feature.

Download OpenSuse 12.3 dvd iso image file: http://software.opensuse.org/123/en

Install OpenSuse 12.3 With screen attached: OpenSuse 12.3 Installation Guide

OpenSuse Linux

This article is not a big check. There are hundreds of releases on the market, each of which is different in some aspect. Not all of them can be listed here. This article only lists the ten most common Linux distributions (there are only two types of users in the world, one is binary, the other is binary ). Please publicize the charm or power of Linux.