Termination of Oracle Database (four modes)

Database Stop (four modes)
1. Normal shutdown: shutdown normal = shutdown
Normal user connections are not allowed to establish
Wait for query to end
Wait for transaction to end
Generate checkpoints (data synchronization)
Close online logs and data files
Close Control File
Close an instance

2. Transaction-level shutdown: Shutdown transactional
Normal user connections are not allowed to establish
Query is terminated
Wait for transaction to end
Generate checkpoints (data synchronization)
Close online logs and data files
Close Control File
Close an instance

3. Stop the Library Now: Shutdown immediate (the most common way to stop a library in a production library)
Normal user connections are not allowed to establish
Query is terminated
Transactions are rolled back
Generate checkpoints (data synchronization)
Close online logs and data files
Close Control File
Close an instance

4. Force stop: Shutdown abort (kill + Ipcrm)
Equivalent to unplug the power
(The database after the stop is a dirty library)

Startup force = Shutdown Abort + startup
Startup force Nomount = Shutdown Abort + startup Nomount
Startup force mount = Shutdown Abort + startup mount
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Termination of Oracle Database (four modes)