The concept of routing in WINDOWS

Source: Internet
Author: User

Routing Requirement Analysis

After realizing the company's network, as the scale expands, the computer IP addresses of various departments may be in different network segments; or, due to some requirements, the company's network needs to be divided into different network segments. These networks need to be divided and interconnected to a certain extent.

When hosts in different networks need to communicate with each other, appropriate data forwarding devices are required. Generally, we use dedicated routing devices when deploying projects. Routing devices are usually dedicated hardware devices, which are expensive and consume the Administrator's energy.

With the improvement of computer computing capability, the current routing devices can be implemented with software or operating systems. In principle, the routing function implemented by the software is consistent with the hardware technology. However, due to performance constraints of the operating system or software, the efficiency of software routing is lower than that of hardware routing. It is still possible to achieve mutual access, data routing, and use computers with excellent performance among several network segments within the company or enterprise.

Basic concept of Routing

IP routing is the process of forwarding data packets between Connected Networks. A TCP/IP-based network with some Internet Protocol IP addresses, data is forwarded between hosts in different network segments in a large network based on TCP/IP. The IP protocol is responsible for IP data inspection and transmission. Each incoming or outgoing packet is called an IP packet. An IP packet contains two IP addresses: the source address of the sending host and the destination address of the receiving host.

Routing is the main function of IP. By using the IP address at the Internet layer, IP packets are exchanged and processed on each host:

The transmission service on the source host transmits source data to the IP layer in the form of TCP segments or UDP messages.

The IP layer transmits the source and target address information of data on the network to assemble IP data packets.

The IP layer forwards data packets down. On the data link layer, IP data packets are converted into frames transmitted on specific media in the physical network. This process is performed in reverse order on the target host.

Each IP packet contains the source address and target IP address. The IP layer service on each host checks the destination address of each data packet, compares the address with the route table maintained locally, and then determines the next forwarding operation.

Vro

Router) is used to connect multiple logically separated networks. A logical network represents a separate network or a subnet. When data is transmitted from one subnet to another, it can be done through a router. Therefore, a vro supports addressing and path selection. It can establish flexible connections in multiple network interconnection environments and connect subnets using different data groups and media access methods, the router only accepts information from the source host or other routers and is a type of Interconnect device at the network layer. It does not care about the hardware devices used by each subnet, but requires that software that is consistent with the network layer protocol be run. Generally, vrouters should be used to connect different networks and multiple subnets.

The main task of a router is to find an optimal transmission path for the data frame passing through the router and transmit the data to the destination effectively. Selecting the optimal route is the key task of the router. In order to do this, the route table Routing table, which contains data about various transmission paths, is provided in the vro for router selection.

Route table

The route table contains the subnet flag information, the number of online routers, and the name of the next router. The route table can be set by the system administrator or dynamically modified by the system. It can be automatically adjusted by the router or controlled by the host.

TCP/IP hosts use Route tables to maintain address information about other networks and hosts. Networks and hosts are identified by IP addresses and subnet masks. In addition, because the route table provides information for each local host about how to communicate with the remote network and the host, the route table is very important.

When the computer is preparing to send an IP packet, it inserts its own IP address and the recipient's target IP address into the IP header, and then the computer's target IP address, compares it with the IP route table maintained locally, perform corresponding operations based on the comparison results. This computer performs one of the following three operations:

1) Upload data packets to the protocol layer above the IP address of the local host.

2) forward data packets through one of the connected network interfaces

3) discard data packets

Advantages and disadvantages of routers

1. Advantages

Used in Large-scale Networks

Complex network topology, shared load, and Optimal Path

Better Processing of Multimedia

High Security

Isolate unwanted traffic

Save LAN bandwidth

Reduce the burden on hosts

2. Disadvantages

It does not support non-routing protocols.

Complex Installation

High Price

The concept of routing is introduced here. I hope you can understand it. The next section will introduce the following content: static router.

  1. Static router for routing in WINDOWS
  2. Dynamic Routing Protocol for routing in WINDOWS
  3. Routing interfaces and filters implemented in WINDOWS
  4. Router enabling in WINDOWS
  5. Configuration of static routes in WINDOWS
  6. Router configuration interface filter in WINDOWS

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