The cornerstone of vro technology communication development

With the development of the routing industry, the router technology is constantly updated and improved. So I studied the development history and status quo of the router technology. I would like to share it with you here, hoping it will be useful to you. The first thing that comes to mind when we see routes is Cisco, which has become a mark that many humans cannot erase in the sea. As the founding manufacturer of vro technology, Cisco's position in the routing field has never been shaken by any one in the industry.

Its research direction can always be used to provide guidance to the industry. It can tell you where the router technology is located and make you obsessed with the newly created applications. At the Ninth China User Conference, although people's eyes always shift with technical hotspots in different periods, security is the topic and focal point of the Conference, however, the development direction and Practical Application of router technology will always be the focus of attention. In terms of vro technology, I am afraid there will be very few grand events that will be more attractive than Cisco's User Conference. The reporter also noted that although Cisco has prepared up to 14 special forums for security topics, several special forums on vro technology have always been arranged in the main venue where more people can attend. Before Cisco's 20-year history and Cisco's China's 10-year history, the only physical display was Cisco's first router.

The eternal focus of router technology is constantly changing. At this User Conference, cisco presented the exciting new development direction and latest research results of router technology to the industry-IPv6-oriented mobile router technology and operational-oriented network and service convergence platform CRS-1.

New Architecture creates an integrated platform

Carriers hope to simplify their POP architecture by integrating networks and services to achieve business, router technology, and operation goals. At this User Conference, Cisco focused on analyzing and presenting the latest achievements of its routing system-Cisco CRS-1 carrier routing system. It blurs the boundaries between traditional core, peer-to-peer communication, aggregation, and edge functions, allowing operators to obtain a unified routing system.

Smart Service flexibility design

It is the first modular and distributed routing system in the industry. It has an innovative multi-rack architecture that provides unified router technical features and scalability without interrupting normal operation, from 1 2 Tb to 92 Tb per second. CRS-1 has also become the first routing system that combines all components of a specific service network with the full service flexibility and scalability of the IP/MPLS network.

In a Cisco CRS-1 system, the Cisco service separation architecture completely isolates traffic and network operations on a single service or customer basis. This unique feature allows operators to isolate control, data and Management panels, as well as line cards and Route Processor RP), thus creating logical router technology independent of other parts of the system. The combination of advanced ASIC 40 Gbps Cisco SPP and microkernel-based, Tb-level telecom-level infrastructure operating systems and Cisco ios xr software can speed up the release of services. Each Cisco SPP integrates 188 32-bit handheld processors into a 100% programmable chip. An important advantage of this system is that it adopts a Benes-based Three-Level Switching Matrix optimized for grouping networks. The unique feature of this intelligent service switching matrix is that it can improve the traditional three-level Benes architecture by leveraging the inherent multicast replication function and integrated priority queue. With its multicast replication function, operators can provide the same service to a large number of customers without affecting system or network performance. In addition, this Switching Matrix also uses the traffic acceleration router technology, which can increase the traffic speed by 250% to ensure that there is no system congestion in the Cisco CRS-1.

New software configuration for IOS XR

To take full advantage of the CRS-1's distributed hardware architecture, Cisco developed Cisco ios xr to meet users' demands for converged grouping infrastructure. It is built on a distributed, micro-kernel-based operating system, uses a two-level grouping forwarding architecture, and uses a dedicated silicon grouping processor to provide functions and services to sort groups, as well as forwarding decision-making for input and output routes, it can be specially optimized to support millions of routes, hundreds of thousands of interfaces, and thousands of peer-to-peer hosts, and provides unified router technical features. Its Modular feature and the ability to restart without interrupting the process can upgrade the software in the service.

Mobile routing enables wireless computing

A mobile network is not as simple as a mobile terminal. There are multiple mobile router technologies in the network. They may be NEMO with a fixed tree topology. Or how to solve the Routing Problems of MANET which is still freely moved internally? In IPv6, such a mobile network is no longer as tricky as in IPv4. One of Cisco's current key R & D areas is its dynamic routing protocol OSPFv3. Although OSPF was available a few years ago, the third edition can be said to be customized by Cisco for IPv6. From this User Conference, we can learn the latest progress in the third edition.

Mobile Network NEMO and MANET

In Internet communication, you can combine powerful routing functions in mobile nodes to achieve efficient mobile wireless network computing. Network MobiliyNEMO) and Mobiliy AD-HOC NetworksMANET are two types of high-performance mobile router technologies proposed by IETF. They are initially only for military purposes and are gradually entering commercial areas such as automobiles, firefighting, transportation, and even mobile retail sites and entertainment facilities.

NEMO has a fixed network topology that includes one or more mobile routers (MR) and connects to the Internet. First, all nodes after MR are independent of Network Mobility. That is to say, Network Mobility is completely transparent to nodes in the NEMO network, and nodes in the NEMO network can be added at will. Each MR has a local proxy HA). There is a bidirectional tunnel between MR and HA to maintain session persistence when MR moves. MR obtains an address from its additional point, that is, the Mobile IP address used by the mobile node. This allows NEMO to be nested layer by layer, because each MR node is a single node for its additional points. The most significant feature of MANET is that nodes can be moved without a central controller or a fixed network topology. Therefore, all routing implementations and packet forwarding must be completed by the nodes themselves, and communication is also equal. Due to its unpredictable structure and the emergence of multimedia computing and collaborative network applications, the congestion problem becomes more prominent.

Latest Developments in Cisco OSPFv3

MANET will adopt the OSPF routing technology. In terms of interoperability, the MANET device should be able to work well when connected to the wired network at any time to ensure uninterrupted communication between the mobile MANET network and the fixed wired network; OSPF is a widely used routing protocol, which is easy to configure and expand. OSPF only summarizes routes at the zone boundary and route domain boundary. In addition, OSPF provides the routing protection function, that is, the intra-region routing is preferred, followed by the inter-region routing and the external routing. This means that the route selection in the region is not affected by the instability of the route selection or incorrect configuration in other regions.

Cisco's latest OSPFv3 can be said to be tailored for IPv6, and its basic mechanisms, such as flood, DR election, regional support, and SPF algorithms, have not changed. In addition to operating IPv6 addresses, OSPFv3 has made the following progress: the address only appears in the LSA link status announcement of the link status update group. The address does not appear in other types of groups; the OSPF Router ID, zone ID, and link status ID no longer contain address information. Router-LSA and Network-LSA no longer contain Network addresses, but only express the topology; link-LSA and Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA are introduced: the former is flooded in the local Link, and the local Link address of the router interface and the address Prefix of the connected network are provided, the latter is extensive in the region and provides the address Prefix of Stub link or Transit Link. The original Type-3 Summary-LSA is renamed as Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA.