The scientific analysis of Interstellar crossing

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As Rough said, the internet age is about cross-border, but will be scientific research, especially theoretical research, especially theoretical cosmology and the scientific research and film combination, I am afraid Nolan's new film Interstellar is the first, but also the combination of such a perfect, the classics have been produced. The film, which was released on November 10, has gone down in the annals of History, although the film's differences between the different preference-holders are great. In order to let everyone better understand the film and out of the interest in cosmology, today write an article to explain the physical principles of the film, the level of limited, experts do not shoot.

　　Question 1: Why does the ship that Cooper rides keep spinning?

The reason why the spacecraft needed to spin after leaving the Earth's mass was to create gravity so that Cooper and his players could live as normal as they would on earth, drinking urine without liquid splashes, and the actors would not have to pretend to float in a 3-hour film. As the object rotates around the center, the velocity as a vector always moves along the tangent direction of the circle, and the outer ring of the spaceship forms a centripetal force on the object (astronaut), which is equivalent to providing a virtual gravitational force. At the end of the film we see the massive space station on Saturn's orbit as a burrito. Since the centripetal force is proportional to the distance from the object to the center of the Circle (), the closer the center, the smaller the centripetal force (the smaller the gravity), so flying baseball can easily fly to the "head" of the building to break the glass.

　　Question 2:cooper where is the destination for sailing? How far is it from the Earth?

Cooper's sailing destination is Gargantua, a film made up of a black hole outside the Milky Way, 10 billion light-years from Earth. How far is 10 billion light years? It is well known that a light-year is the distance of a time in a vacuum. The 1977 human-launched Voyager flew more than 30 years to the edge of the solar system, and the diameter of the solar system was only 0.003 light-years, and our Milky Way galaxy was only 100,000 light-years in diameter. The hypothesis of modern physics is that no object can fly faster than the speed of light, so it is impossible for a spacecraft to rely on flight to reach Gargantua within the possible time frame, which would require the use of wormholes (wormhole) across the other side of the universe.

　　Question 3: What is a wormhole? Does the wormhole really exist?

The members of Cooper in the film actually explained to the audience what a wormhole is, but under two-dimensional conditions. We are all familiar with the space is three-dimensional structure, so our cognition can easily understand the space is less than three-dimensional existence. One dimension is a straight line, just need a number (coordinate) to determine the position of the object, and the two-dimensional space is a plane (assumed to be a white paper), requires two numbers (coordinates) to determine the position of the object in the plane, and three-dimensional space is our existence of the world, need three numbers (long, wide, high) to

In two-dimensional condition (flat white paper), the shortest distance between two points is the straight line connecting two points, if we break the limitation of dimension, a two-dimensional plane is bent in an extra dimension (third dimension), and the distance of two points can be infinitely close. The channel connecting two points is a wormhole, which is a circle in two-dimensional condition. In the three-dimensional world in which we are located, it is also necessary to use this method to connect two points in space with additional dimensions (the fourth dimension), and in the three-dimensional world (we and the world in which the film is located), the wormhole is spherical and can theoretically enter the wormhole from any angle. As observers outside the wormhole, we can see the distorted scene at the other end of the wormhole.

The wormhole has so far been merely a conjecture of Einstein's theory of relativity, and has never been truly observed. Cosmic physicists believe that wormholes are ubiquitous in the universe, but very unstable and short-term, and can be used to stabilize wormholes to achieve the purpose of crossing time and space. The film did not deviate from the scientific hypothesis to artificially create wormholes, but somehow a stable wormhole around Saturn at the direction of the Director, and such arrangements did occur and fit the current physical assumptions.

　　Question 4: Why are there waves on the Miller planet?

The giant waves on the Miller planet were spectacular and almost made Cooper go without a return, and the waves were just ordinary tides on Miller's surface. It is well known that the gravitational forces of the sun and Moon can make tides, and it is no surprise that the Miller Planet's gravitational field near a nearby black hole, coupled with the weak gravitational field on the surface of the Miller planet.

　　Question 5: Why did Cooper return from the Miller planet for the past more than 20 years and romily old?

There is a great difference between the stellar system that copper this trip and our solar system. The solar system is a youth-based star, and the Sun acts as the central star of the solar system, providing light and heat to the planets around the sun by fusing the surface. The star system where the Miller Planet is located is most likely a late stellar system, with massive stars collapsing to form a gargantua black hole, and a large amount of high-temperature gas and dust-forming accretion disks (accretion disk) around the black hole to provide energy for the stellar system. This is why the black hole in the film has a disc on its surface. The mass of the Gargantua (1 million of the mass of the Sun) led to the Miller planet being in great gravitational potential. According to the theory of relativity, the gravitational potential energy can change the time-space warp rate and lead to the change. In the film, with Earth or romily as the Observer, the time of the Miller planet slows down, so it is an hour on the ground, and in the sky for decades. This time dilation due to gravitational field has been experimentally proven in practice.

　　Question 6: What does a real wormhole and black hole look like?

Wormholes are only predicted by theory and black holes are only seen by circumstantial evidence, but if there is a black hole and wormhole in the universe, it will be very close to the special effects of the film. The film was run by the famous theoretical physicist Kip Thorne, who worked on the bug holes in the film based on theoretical equations. Even if these effects appear in sci-fi films, the visual effects of black holes and wormholes depicted by Kip Thorne can be used as serious scientific data and theoretical simulations. It is worth mentioning that these effects also produced two scientific papers, published in the field of cosmology and computer graphics in the journal.

　　What's the matter with the 7:murph ghost? Why is Cooper able to observe all the historical events in the wormhole? How does Cooper and Murph communicate?

This is the most difficult to explain and the most difficult to understand part of the film, the first thing to explain is in the modern theoretical physics of space-time view, Cooper in the wormhole behavior is possible. First come back to our question, these three problems can actually be attributed to the wormhole in the five-dimensional space and time problem. The time and space of our real life is four-dimensional, and because of the limitations of our observation, we can only perceive three-dimensional space and linear temporal dimension. While the five-dimensional space is the four dimensional spatial and non-linear time dimension, in the film, Nolan will be the time dimension of physics, so that Cooper in five-dimensional space and time can be read to the book of the four dimensions of the history of space-time events, theoretically speaking, Cooper is in God's perspective, To know the past, present and future of all the information in this five-dimensional space. It can be speculated that the wormhole and the five-dimensional space-time are not naturally formed, but are built specifically for Cooper and Murph in the future in order to save the human past. Murph in the form of gravitational waves in the five-dimensional space-time to Murph in the space-time effect, resulting in Murph space-time gravitational anomaly (Gravity anormalty). The reason why Murph felt a ghost in her room was the result of sensing the gravitational anomaly (the books and items on the shelves were dropped, and the fine sand with the coordinate information was arranged). Cooper thought it was just an accident, and Murph felt this "ghost" very special from a young age. At the end of the film, Murph finally understood that this was the father passing the message to her through the space-time tunnel.

　　Question 8:cooper What is the message that is passed to Murph? Why did you save the future of mankind?

From the film we can see that Professor Brand knew from the beginning that it was unrealistic to finish his theory, because it needed to know the important data in the black hole, and in the opinion of brand, it was almost unrealistic to collect such data, so while plan A was designed (completion theory, Save humanity) and Plan B (carrying human DNA to another planet to reproduce human civilization), but in fact finally Brand admits that he actually wants to achieve Plan B. Although the film does not clearly indicate what the theory of brand and Murph research is, we can guess roughly what Einstein wanted to solve in his later years in the Unified field theory. The unified field theory tries to explain the nature of the universe by contacting electromagnetic force, strength, weakness and gravitation, and the most difficult thing to solve is the gravitational problem. Cooper passes the important data collected by the robot to Murph in five-dimensional space-time, allowing Murph to complete the unified field theory to solve the anti-gravity flight, so that a huge space station can be built to send all humans into space and reach the new world through wormholes.

The scientific analysis of Interstellar crossing