The second artificial intelligence operation

2.9 With the following statements, please use the corresponding predicate formula to separate them out:

(1) Some people like plum blossom, some people like Chrysanthemum, some people both like plum blossom and like chrysanthemum

Solution: Define predicate: P (x): X is Human, L (x, y): x likes Y

Where y is plum or chrysanthemum.

To represent knowledge with predicates:

(? x) (P (x) →l (x, Plum) ∨l (x, Chrysanthemum) ∨ (L (x, Plum) ∧l (x, chrysanthemum)))

(2) Some people play basketball every afternoon.

Solution: Define predicate: P (x): X is man Q (x): X Play basketball, S (y): Y is afternoon

To represent knowledge with predicates

(? x) (∀y) (S (Y) →p (x) ∧q (x))

(3) The new type of computer has fast speed and large storage capacity.

Solution: Defining predicates

P (x): X is a new type of computer Q (x): X speed Fast S (x): Large storage capacity

To represent knowledge with predicates:

(∀x) (P (x) →q (x) ∧s (x))

(3) Not every computer department student likes the computer creates Macintosh program

Solution: Defining predicates

P (x): X is the computer department student L (x, y): Y y is a programming

U (x,z): X uses Z Z is on the computer

To represent knowledge with predicates

┐ (∀x) (P (X) →l, X, y ∧u (x,z))

(4) Anyone who likes to program is fond of computers.

Solution: Defining predicates

P (x): X is Human

L (x, y): X likes y y is programmed

U (x,z): X likes Z Z is computer

To represent knowledge with predicates

(∀x) P (X) ∧l (x, y) →u (x,z)

2.11 The problem of farmer, wolf, goat and cabbage is represented by predicate notation.

The farmer, the wolf, the goat, the cabbage all on the left bank of a river, now to send them all to the right bank of the river, the farmer has a boat, when the river, in addition to the farmer outside the ship can carry a wolf, goat, cabbage in one. A wolf eats a goat, and a goat eats cabbage unless the farmer is there. is the planning Office a plan to ensure all the safe crossing of the river. Please write out the definition of the predicate used, and give the function of each predicate and the individual domain of the variable.

Solution: Select the left bank when the reference is described.

To define a predicate:

P (x): x in the individual domain of the left Bank X is (farmer, wolf, ship, sheep, cabbage)

Then ┐p (x) indicates that x is on the right bank

Initial state: P (Farmer) p (ship) p (Wolf) p (sheep) p (cabbage)

Target states: ┐p (farmer) ┐p (ship) ┐p (Wolf) ┐p (sheep) ┐p (cabbage)

Predicate describing the operation:

L-r: The farmer himself rowed from the left bank to the right bank

L-r (x): Farmer with X from left Bank to right bank

R-l: The farmer himself rowed from the left bank of the right bank road

R-l (x): Farmer with X from right bank to left bank

P (Farmer)

L-r (sheep)

┐p (Farmer)

R-l

P (Farmer)

L-r (Wolf)

┐p (Farmer)

R-l (sheep)

P (Farmer)

L-r (cabbage)

┐p (Farmer)

R-l

P (Farmer)

R-l (sheep)

┐p (Farmer)

P (sheep)

┐p (sheep)

┐p (sheep)

┐p (sheep)

P (sheep)

P (sheep)

P (sheep)

┐p (ship)

P (ship)

┐p (ship)

P (ship)

┐p (ship)

P (ship)

┐p (ship)

P (ship)

┐p (Wolf)

P (Wolf)

P (Wolf)

P (Wolf)

┐p (Wolf)

┐p (Wolf)

┐p (Wolf)

┐p (Wolf)

┐p (sheep)

P (Chinese cabbage)

P (Chinese cabbage)

P (Chinese cabbage)

P (Chinese cabbage)

P (Chinese cabbage)

┐p (cabbage)

┐p (cabbage)

┐p (cabbage)

2.16 write out their semantic networks for each of the following questions:

(1) Each student has a computer.

Solution:

(2) High teacher from March to July to the computer department students to talk about the "computer network" class.

Solution:

(3) There are men, women, graduate students and undergraduates.

Solution:

(4) The innovation Company at 56th Hoi An avenue, Liu Yang is the company's manager, he is 32 years old, Master's degree.

Solution:

(5) The red team played football with the men and ended with a 3:2 score.

Solution:

2.17 Please express the following proposition in a semantic network.

(1) Trees and grasses are plants.

Solution:

(2) Both the tree and the grass have leaves and roots.

Solution:

(3) Weeds are grass and grow in water.

Solution:

(4) fruit trees are trees and will result.

Solution:

(5) Pear tree is a kind of fruit tree, it will result.

Solution:

The second artificial intelligence operation