The thinking and system of introduction to Computer Science (1)

Computer, computational and computational thinking

1. Computers include software, desktops, laptops, and chips embedded in a variety of devices.

2. The three main thinking abilities that human beings should possess are experimental thinking, theoretical thinking and computational thinking.

3. Computational disciplines are calculated based on the computational rules for solving general problems, which are oriented and enforceable.

4. The difference between the "man" Calculation and the "machine" calculation: the "man" calculation prefers to use complex computational rules in order to reduce the amount of computational data that can be obtained, and "machine" computing uses simple computational rules to facilitate the execution of the rules of the machine. The calculation rules used by "machine" calculations may be simple but computationally large, although in this way the machine is able to get the results of calculations for more and more computations. The "machine" can use the calculation rules used by the "person" or the rules used by the "person".

5. The basic problem of automatic calculation is the representation of data and calculation rules, automatic storage and automatic execution of calculation rules.

6. The basic characteristics of electronic computer is based on binary-storage 0 and 1 components such as tubes, transistors, etc., based on binary operation and transformation, electronic technology to achieve the rules of computing, integrated technology to achieve more complex transformation.

7. Metrics that measure the performance of storage devices include storage capacity-the bigger the better, the faster the faster, the better the price-the lower the price, the better the power consumption-the lower the power consumption, the better the reliability and durability-the higher the better the better.

8. The development direction of the computing system the volume of each component and even the whole is getting smaller, and more and more CPUs are integrated to improve computing power, more and more people have the intelligence to make people-computer-objects connected together.

9. On the networking of computing systems: the future of the Internet will be developed to include the Internet of things, social networks, service networks and network systems that are deeply integrated with various networks in the real world.

10.IBM Smart Planet Basic feature is to make the society all things can be perceived, that is, the information of everything can be digitized, so that all kinds of social things, each person can connect with the Internet, to achieve interconnection, so that social/natural systems with better self-adaptability, self-regulation, The most optimized to meet the needs of people's work and life.

11. The tree of computation summarizes the classical thinking of computational disciplines, six dimensions: the foundational thinking of computing technology, the evolutionary thinking of general computing environment, the combination of social/natural and computational thinking, problem solving thinking, networked thinking and data thinking.

12. In the tree of computation, the foundational thinking of computing technology includes 0 and 1, program and recursion.

13. In the tree of computation, two types of typical problem solving thinking are algorithms (mathematical modeling) and systems (non-mathematical modeling).

14. In the tree of computation, networked thinking is a networked society of machine networks, information networks and man-machine-object interconnection.

15. The computational thinking to be learned in this course refers to the penetrating and associative content behind the knowledge of computational disciplines.

16. How to learn computational thinking: for thinking and learning knowledge instead of knowledge and learning knowledge, continuous training, only in this way can the thinking into ability, first from the perspective of knowledge to learn from the point of view, and then learn more details of the knowledge, that is, using thinking to guide the learning of knowledge.

17. The basic objective of the computer is to be able to perform general arbitrary complex calculation rules. ("Ability to perform specific calculation rules, such as the ability to perform differential calculation rules, etc.").

18. Moore's Law refers to the ability of chip-integrated transistors to grow once every 18 months, and to increase their computing power by one-fold.

19. Indicators of the performance of the microprocessor chip include the machine word length-the larger the word, the better the frequency of the machine-the higher the frequency, the better the power consumption-the lower the power consumption the better, the number of transistors-the more transistors the better, the microprocessor can complete the function-the more the type of instruction the better.

20. In the tree of computation, the evolutionary thinking of the universal computing environment is the program execution environment--from cpu-memory environment, to cpu-Storage system environment, to multi-cpu-multi-memory environment, to cloud computing virtual computing environment.

21. The computing system is composed of microprocessors, storage devices, input devices and output devices.

Learning resources: NetEase Cloud classroom.

The thinking and system of introduction to Computer Science (1)