Tips for authentic English

An excerpt from the English Phonetic Alphabet Lightning Primer


1. Consonant connection Reading

Slightly

2. Syllable Division
Words are pronounced by syllables, and syllables are usually based on vowels (a word has several vowels with several syllables).
The attribution of consonants between vowels and vowels is an important point in determining the end of a syllable and the beginning of the next syllable.
1. There is only one consonant between vowels, and this consonant is the next syllable. nation= Na + tion
2. There are two consonants between vowels, and if they are not consonant concatenating, each syllable is divided by one (always = Al + ways), and if the consonant concatenating, it can be regarded as a consonant, which is returned to the next syllable (degree = de + gree).
3. Multi-syllable words usually have many affixes, so they can also be divided into syllables according to affixes (advertisement = AD + ver + tise + ment)
Words according to syllables can be divided into: mono, two-syllable words, multi-syllable words


3. Word Stress and secondary stress
When a single syllable word is present, it must be stressed, and the phonetic alphabet does not need to be marked with accented symbols.
In general, the stress on the two-syllable word falls on the first syllable, and the few words fall on the second syllable, which is usually borrowed words (e.g. from French).
In multi-syllable words, the syllables are accented, re-stressed and weak-read. In general, the accent of a multi-syllable word falls on the third-to-last syllable, and the secondary stress falls on the first two syllables of the stress.

According to the word-formation in English, there are some rules

1. The stress of English derived words is usually consistent with the stress of roots;
2. A word containing-ity-tion-ic-ical-al and other affixes, accented by the previous syllable of the affix's syllable;
3. Words containing-aive affixes, if there are only three syllables, then the stress falls on the first syllable, if the word is more than three syllables, the stress is the same as the stress of the original root;
4. Some words have the same verb form as their rank, but the accent position is different. The stress on the rank form falls on the first or second syllable, and the accent on the verb form falls on the last syllable.

4. Word and Word reading
The continuous reading of words and words can cause a lot of changes, which are summarized in the following four aspects.
Pause change

Consonant + vowel When a word ends with a consonant, the second word begins with a vowel and the two tones can be read.

Vowel + vowel The current word ends with a vowel, and when the second word begins with a vowel, the two tones can be read without pausing.

Consonant + consonant when two words have two or more or more consonants, the consonants can be read together without pausing to make the speech flow.

Even read add tone

Connect tone/r/The current word with R or re end, but do not pronounce, the next word with a vowel start, this does not pronounce R to send/r/, with the latter vowel continuous.

Connection tone/j/The current word with/?i//i://i//ei/end, and the next word also begins with a vowel, the two tones usually add/j/to facilitate the connection reading

Connection tone/w/The current word to/u:/,/au/,/?u/end, the next word with a vowel beginning, two tones plus/w/to facilitate continuous

Continuous reading and changing tone

Loss of blasting when two words end and start with a burst sound, the first blasting sound does not emit a blasting sound, only the pronunciation action, a little pause, only after a blasting sound.

Incomplete blasting when the blasting sound is followed by a friction sound, broken fricative, nasal sound or tongue laterals, the blasting sound is slightly exploded, also known as incomplete blasting.

The phenomenon of assimilation of two adjacent tones interacting with each other and producing other sounds. This phenomenon is naturally generated when the speed of speech is accelerated, so we do not have to deliberately assimilate when speaking.

Even read the provincial sound
The/?/of a weak vowel is terminated by a consonant, and/?/is often omitted when the latter word begins with/?/.
The first word of a consonant is terminated with a consonant +/t/or/d/, and the latter word begins with a consonant,/t/or/d/are often omitted.



5. Sentence stress
The prepositions and conjunctions of the first sentence should be reread
The preposition after the verb is to be reread
The notional in prepositional phrases should be reread
The rereading of pronouns

What is these? (demonstrative pronoun)

You yourself can do it. (Expression of the emphasized reflexive pronoun)

The book isn't mine. (noun possessive pronoun)

None of them is the what I need. (Indefinite pronoun)

which is better? (interrogative pronoun)

6. Sentence pauses
declarative sentences
In the statement sentence, the general use of notional, that is, at the end of the sentence to decline, indicating the end of semantics, the tone affirmation.

For example: My name is Lily.

Statement sentences can also be used to indicate uncertainty, surprise, euphemism and other tone, but also play a role in questioning.

For example:

This is your hat? (not sure)

Your is a Japanese? Surprised

I Beg your pardon? (euphemistic tone)

You ' re kidding? Doubt

She won ' t mind? Questions

interrogative sentence
General interrogative sentences are usually raised in the last notional of a sentence. Answer with a descending tone.
Special interrogative sentences
Special interrogative sentences are usually lowered at the end of a sentence.

For example: What is your going to do?

Special questions can also be raised to indicate moderate criticism or to indicate that the speaker has not heard clearly, please repeat it again.

For example: What time is it? What's the point? (criticizing each other for being late)

What do you say? What did you say? (I didn't hear you clearly)

An anti-Italian question
The first half of the interrogative sentence is the form of a statement, with a descending tone, and the latter part in the form of doubt, with a rising tone. Answer with a descending tone.
Select question Sentence
The choice question sentence is the question person to offer each other several choices, usually except the last one uses the descending adjustment, the other all uses the raise tune.
Imperative
The imperative sentence is used to express orders, the tone is strong, generally with the drop tone.
Exclamation phrase
The exclamation point expresses the strong sigh, uses the descending tune.
Greeting words
Greetings refer to the words of greeting and parting, usually with a rising tone.

Tips for authentic English