Tips for using VMware Workstation

To put it simply, VMWare is a set of built-in machine tools that allow a computer to perform several production systems at the same time, you need to install Windows XP and Red Hat 9 at the same time. With VMWare, you don't need two computers, but you can use one computer to complete the operation. Please note the difference between "p-Hour" and "multi-host, the latter is only able to select a production system in the hard drive when the machine is turned on, but it is still only possible to have one production system.

!! In this document, the VMware Workstation version was 4.0, and VMWare recently launched vmware workstation 5. The new features of the new version are not described in this release, but some features mentioned in this article are the same as those of this new release.

VMware is currently a company that has three cutting-edge devices, including VMWare Workstation, VMWare gsx server, and VMWare ESX Server. This article describes the most popular vmware workstation 4, for convenience, VMWare and supervisor mentioned in this Article refer to VMware Workstation 4.

Sharing words and concepts

Before proceeding, it is necessary and important to define a common "term. Therefore, at the beginning of this article, the author will first describe the VMware term used in this article. This does not help you compile this article, but is also the first step for you to understand VMware. In addition, in order to make it easy for you to provide a clear description of VMware software and its English language (including information and explanatory documents), the author will continue to use the official words as appropriate, and will list the original text.

Robot host

Virtual Machine (VM) is a virtual machine that can be used to simulate hardware. For example, the focus of this article is VMWare, which is a virtual machine capable of modeling the Intel Pentium hardware architecture. After installing VMware's power supply, users can "generate" outgoing hosts according to their operations, and users can launch hosts in these VMware hosts, other operating systems are installed, so that the computer can perform a number of operations at the same time.

On the physical servers, the VMware Virtual Machine is the power of the complete Intel Pentium hardware architecture, but in practice, the hardware and weekly environment on the VMware hosts are partly created by the VMware self-built model, some of them are caused by the physical hardware of the computer where the VMware root security module is located. Therefore, you can change the VMware Guest server to another new computer. You can install other computer systems on this new computer, it can also be written into other related datasets to perform or compile some work.

VMware hosts hardware environment of the machine

We should first understand the hard-ware configuration provided by the computer before any real-world computer security system or website operation, since the VMware Host Machine is a computer, before using the VMware Host machine, we should also first understand which hardware configurations are provided by the VMware Guest machine. As mentioned earlier, VMWare will create a hardware environment for some of its hosts, in addition, the computer hardware of the computer where the security module is located stores the hardware environment of another computer. The hardware environment of the VMware Guest machine is listed below.

• CPU: The same CPU as the host system. If the host system is a traditional multi-CPU system, then each guest system has a CPU.

• Chip group: Intel platinum BX host board with ns338 SiO2 chip and 82093aa ioapic.

• BiOS: phoenixbios 4.0 release 6 works with VESA bios and supports ACPI.

• Note: The host system supports up to 1 GB of memory, and all VMware hosts can use 1 GB of memory.

• Display Card: supports VGA and svga.

• IDE Plugin: up to four ide connectors, including hard drives, CD-Rom, and DVD-ROM (which allow you to pull DVD-ROM discs, but do not support DVD video ). The IDE hard drive of the guest system can be an ephemeral disk (up to 128 GB) or an actual disk partition. The guest system's CD can be an actual CD or a CD image.

• SCSI ephemeral: a maximum of 7 SCSI ephemeral disks can be attached to the SCSI hard drive of the guest system (a maximum of 256 GB ), it can also be the actual disk partition. In addition, SCSI memory settings such as CD-Rom, DVD-Rom, binning machine, and record reader are also supported. However, if you use a mylex (buslogic) BT-958 compatible card in Windows XP or Windows Server 2003, you need external drivers provided by VMware.

• Ephemeral Disk: a maximum of two MB physical disks, or images of ephemeral disks.

• Serial Port (COM): a maximum of four serial ports. The data obtained through the serial port can be sent to the serial port or case, or named pipe (Named Pipe ).

• Parallel Port (LPT): a maximum of two parallel ports. The information obtained through the parallel port can be sent to the parallel port or case.

• USB port: Two USB 1.1 ports (uhci Controller ), supported portable devices include USB printer, profile reader, PDA, removable hard drive, memory card reader, and digital camera.

• Installation planner: 104 compatible with windows and other surgical drivers.

• Mouse: although the official manual said VMware supports the PS/2 mouse, but it was discovered from users' usage that VMware also supports the USB mouse.

• Serial number board: serial port number board.

• Network Card: up to 3 amd pcnet-pci ii compatible network card.

• Sound Effects: audio streams are delivered to audio streams and audio streams in the form of analog creative labs Sound Blaster audiopci (which does not support MIDI seek, Zookeeper controller, and zookeeper.

• Zookeeper network and case sharing: a total of nine zookeeper network interfaces can be used in bridge guest and host systems, or, in the form of NAT (Network Address Translation), the guest system hosts the host system online. VMware's zookeeper network interface supports most Ethernet communication settings, including TCP/IP, netbeui, Microsoft networking, Samba, Novell Netware, and network file system.

Host and guest Systems

"Host system" and "Guest System" are the names of the subjects in this article, because these two terms will not appear in this article, and VMWare users will encounter these two terms. The host system refers to the system running on Vmware, and the user will use VMWare on the host system to build a VMware Guest host; sometimes, the host system is also regarded as the host PC, host computer, or host.

With the VMware Guest machine, we can host computer security in VMware, the VMware Guest machine of the operating system is installed as the guest system. In the same way, the guest system is also used as the guest PC and guest computers, or the metadata is guest.

The entire system will only have one host system, but through the host system, there will be several guest systems, in addition, you can configure a host system and a guest system at the same time, you can configure a host system and several guest systems at the same time.

Vmware-supported guest Systems

In theory, we should be able to install any operating system that can be installed on the PC on the VMware Host Machine, but in reality, some tuning skills may be required, and even VMware must provide licensed robot programs. The following lists the guest systems officially supported by VMware. That is to say, all these operating systems should be successfully installed on Vmware hosts.

• Windows Server 2003 web edition, Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition

• Windows XP Professional and home

• Windows 2000 Professional, server, and Advanced Server

• Windows NT 4.0 Workstation and Server Terminal Server

• Windows ME, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE, and Windows 95

• Windows 3.1, windows for workgroups 3.11

• MS-DOS 6.x

• Mandrake Linux 8.2, 9.0

• Red Hat Linux 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1

• SuSE Linux 7.3, sles 7, sles 7 patch 2, 8.0, 8.1, sles 8

• Turbolinux Server 7.0, server 8.0, and workstation 8.0

• Novell NetWare 5.1, 6

• FreeBSD 4.0 ~ 4.6.2 and 4.8)

Hardware requirements of the host system

VMWare does not have low requirements for hardware. Users should first confirm that their hardware configurations have reached the minimum requirements stated above, in addition, the hardware environment of some host systems in VMware has been modeled out of the VMware Guest host. Therefore, before using VMWare, check whether your hardware environment meets the description here.

• CPU: Intel celon, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, Xeon (including prestonia); amd athlon, athlon MP, athlon XP, duron, opteron. Use a CPU with a memory rate above MHz, and the faster the CPU is, the better. In addition, VMWare supports multi-CPU Hardware systems.

• Note: the more you remember, the better. Although the official suggestion value is 256 MB, it is recommended that you have a report of over MB, in this way, a sufficient memory is available for the host and guest systems. Regardless of the host system or guest system, or windows or Linux system, any operating system requires a host and more memory, starting from the beginning, the more data will be written. MB of memory allows the host system to run normally with a guest system-that is, two systems, however, for 640 MB, 768 MB, or even 1 GB memory, the host system and more than two guest systems can be synchronized at the same time, is the same time as the number of guest systems.

• Memory display card and memory display device: Use a memory display device with more than 256 colors. If Linux is used as the host system, use a memory card supporting xfree86, to enable the guest system to record rows in full screen mode.

• Disk Space: VMWare supports hard disks on the IDE or SCSI interface. For security reasons, VMWare requires a disk space of 100 MB (Windows host system) or 20 MB (Linux host system. Each guest system requires at least 1 GB of disk space. This disk space can be a certain partition of the actual disk, or a certain ephemeral disk (. vmdk ).

• Cd host: VMWare supports CD-ROM and DVD-ROM (both IDE and SCSI ).

• Network Card: Any network card supported by the host system.

• An operating system that can be used as a host system:

  • Various versions of Windows Server 2003 (except for datacenter)

  • Windows XP Professional and home

  • Windows 2000 Professional, Server Service, Advanced Server

  • Windows NT Workstation 4.0, Windows NT Server 4.0, Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition

  • Mandrake Linux 9.0-stock 2.4.19

  • Mandrake Linux 8.2-stock 2.4.18-6mdk

  • Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1-stock 2.4.9-E3

  • Red Hat Linux 8.0-stock 2.4.18

  • Red Hat Linux 7.3-stock 2.4.18

  • Red Hat Linux 7.2-stock 2.4.7-10, upgrade 2.4.9-7, upgrade 2.4.9-13, upgrade 2.4.9-21, upgrade 2.4.9-31

  • Red Hat Linux 7.1-stock 2.4.2-2, upgrade 2.4.3-12

  • Red Hat Linux 7.0-stock 2.2.16-22, upgrade 2.2.17-14

  • SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8-stock 2.4.19

  • SuSE Linux 8.1-stock 2.4.19

  • SuSE Linux 8.0-stock 2.4.18

  • SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7-stock 2.4.7 and patch 2

  • SuSE Linux 7.3-stock 2.4.10

Please pay special attention to the "operating system that can be used as the host system", as well as the "vmware-supported guest system" mentioned earlier. The two have an exact difference. The former refers to the operating systems that can be installed with Vmware, and the latter refers to the operating systems that can be installed with hosts on Vmware hosts. For example, MS-DOS 6.x is a vmware-supported guest system, but cannot roll VMware into MS-DOS 6.x.

Basic steps to use Vmware

This section describes the basic steps for using VMWare, so that users who are not familiar with Vmware can have a clear overview.

1. Install VMware software on the host system: as long as the hardware configurations of the host system meet the requirements of the local VMWare, you can install VMware. Before installing the product, you must first obtain the VMware software and sequence, this allows you to obtain your experiences and sequences (you can use our local agent to access the technical details ); alternatively, you can go to the original website to renew your website, download the version of your website, and use the sequence (usually with a 30-day license ).

2. Create and consolidate the VMware Guest host: When you need to install a new guest system, you need to create a VMware Guest host. VMware's human engineering works well. For example, it provides an excellent solution for building a VMware Guest machine, and in most cases, the parameter settings provided by the precision generator allow the robot to make profits. Generally, as long as the instructions in the root segment are accurate, it is easy to build a VMware Guest machine, and users can also further refine the VMware Guest machine created by the user.

3. In the VMware Guest host Security guest system: With the VMware Guest host, it is about to have a new computer, then, the operating system is merged into the VMware Guest machine. In this step, you only need to take the VMware Guest machine as another power station, and then follow the security industry's operating system process. Therefore, you need to complete the relevant optical discs, magnetic discs, and even security instructions of the operating system for your examination. You may also need to complete several pre-jobs first. For example, if you can directly enable an operating system from a CD, you must enable the BIOS of the VMware Guest to enable the CD to run; when you need to enable the operating system from a disk, You need to properly or manually activate the disk and enable the BIOS of the VMware Guest machine to enable disk startup.

4. After the guest system is installed and the relevant agent is installed: After the guest system is completed, the relevant agent can be imported into the guest system, for example, VMware Tools, system repair programs, or other application programs. If the guest system can access the Internet, you must update the related security repair program to avoid computer viruses, or the target of the hacker. With the guest system, you can perform some operations on the system.

Skills for installing Windows host systems

The following lists precautions when using Windows as the host system.

• If you want to use Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 as the host system, you must log on to windows with the administrator of the system on this machine to install the VMware Host System on Windows; do not log on to the Windows domain.

• To install the VMware community, users must have administrative privileges of the system. However, after installing the VMware community, general users can access the VMware community with their rights Limited.

• Do not install VMware Guest on an online disk.

Tips for setting up and configuring a VMware Guest host

The first step in using VMware is to set up the hosts machine. The following describes the experiences of the users.

• Using the final tool to create a VMware Guest host: There are two ways to set up the final tool for a VMware Guest HOST: Typical and custom. The latter allows users to select a wide range of VMware Guest hosts through fine tuning, the former can only integrate the guest system, the storage location of the VMware Guest host name, the storage location of the related zookeeper cases, and the network connection mode. However, it is a VMware Guest machine created by typical or custom. You can use virtual machine settings to tune it up or add a hardware weekly license.

• Consolidate the VMware Guest HOST: select the guest host from the VMware Guest window, and then click Edit/virtual machine settings, you can enable the Virtual Machine Control Panel to adjust the hardware settings of the VMware Guest machine. From memory, hard disk, CD-ROM, floppy) you can adjust the network connection mode (NIC) to USB and audio card (audio.

• Let the VMware Guest machine capture CDs and Disk Images: The VMware Guest machine allows the image camera to directly upload the disc or ephemeral disc of the guest machine, it is convenient to retrieve the content of a CD or disk from the guest system. As long as the disc or disk volume is first converted into an image, and then use the Virtual Machine Control Panel picture window on the left of the CD-ROM or floppy, then select use ISO image or use floppy image from the right Navigation Pane, and press "Browser" to find the image watermark.

• New hardware week: The above Virtual Machine Control Panel window can not only adjust the hardware settings of the VMware Guest machine, as long as you press add to Press ACCEPT, then, new hardware experts are added to help users add new hardware. Available new hardware includes hard disk space, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, ephemeral drive, ethernet card, serial port, and column, and general-purpose SCSI drive. The added hardware will also be included in the Virtual Machine Control Panel window, and can also be adjusted.

Measure the test taker's knowledge about the security guest system.

• Before the Security guest system, please confirm that the settings of the VMware Guest host are not set; this can reduce the number of hosts generated by the Security guest system.

• You can use a CD image to replace a Local CD to install the guest system: you only need to make the guest system CD into an image first, and then use the above settings, you can use the image content to install the guest system.

• VMware Tools: VMware Tools is quite important for the use of guest systems. After installing the guest operating system, install VMware Tools unless the guest operating system is DoS or Windows 3.1x. VMware Tools includes the svga memory card driver, which improves the performance of the guest system; VMware Tools allows the guest and host systems to share data without having to set the network, and the mouse can drag and drop the data and submit the data through the windows clipboard; in addition, the guest system can synchronize the Time of the host system and play the Mouse icon in the auto-scaling mode (otherwise press CTRL + ALT to press the Mouse icon ). To install VMware Tools, first update the guest system, and then upload file/install VMware Tools after the guest system is activated, this will enable the VMware Tools CD image to mount the guest system CD host, and then install VMware Tools through the guest system CD host.

• Do not use the PDC (Primary Domain Controller) or BDC (Backup Domain Controller) of Windows NT Server 4 as the host system of VMware.

• If you use SCSI disk disks on Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Server 2003, you need to install the VMware drive (the following link is included at the end of the article ). The following example shows a disk image. On the ephemeral disk, the volume can be retrieved. Please note that if you want to upgrade Windows 9x/ME/NT of the guest system to Windows 2000/XP/2003, install this SCSI actuator first, then upgrade the system.

• Product activity related to Windows XP and Windows Server 2003: These two windows products require product activity ), in addition, when the hardware configuration of the system has been greatly modified, it also needs to be modified again. If you think it is troublesome to renew your instance, consider the following points when setting up the hard configuration of your VMware Host:

  • There is no need to launch a mobile product immediately. Windows XP has a 30-day validity period and Windows Server 2003 has 14 days. You only need to renew the mobile product within the validity period, within the validity period, you can tune the hardware environment of the VMware Host Machine to the ideal environment.

  • After determining the memory volume of the VMware Host, the product will be released again, and the total volume of the memory volume will exceed 32 MB, windows XP or Windows Server 2003 product licenses make hardware changes.

  • Please install VMware Tools before launching the product, because VMware Tools will install a new verification card Activation Program, this will cause changes to the hardware environment of VMware hosts.

• Check whether the disk size of the host system that stores the VMware disaster recovery trial is sufficient. Taking the security windows system as an example, at least 1.5 GB to 3 GB of disk space is required. If you want to perform snapshots and other operations on the guest system, the disk space outside the quota is also required. If the disk space is not empty, the guest system may fail.

• VMware 4.0 does not yet support the sleep function of Windows XP in the guest system. To stop running Windows XP in the guest system, use the suspend function of VMware.

• For Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and other guest systems, after installing VMware Tools, the screen resolution of the guest system is reduced to 640*480, and the display speed is faster than that of the standard VGA mode.

• Windows 2000 Guest system may fail to start after installing Service Pack 3 and the logon User Interface DLL msgina is displayed. DLL failed to load. This is an issue with SP3. It is suggested that users directly install SP4 to avoid this issue. If you have already encountered this problem, please start with the original Windows 2000 CD and go to the repair console, and then download msgina from the original Windows 2000 CD. the DL _ Protocol case to overwrite the msgina of the Windows 2000 Guest System. DLL (in % SystemRoot %/system32 ).

• If the host system is Linux and xfree86 3.x, you must stop using the Screen Saver program for all Windows Guest systems (including windows 3.1x, because Windows Screen Saver may cause xfree86 3. x.

• The Windows 98 guest system generates multiple serial ports com5 and com6. You can directly remove these non-existent serial ports.

• The MS-DOS 6.22 guest system uses a large amount of CPU resources because dos does not have an equivalent logging system. VMware provides a DOS hosting system (website attached to the end of the article), which can solve the problem that CPU resources are frequently used. In addition, VMware Tools for DOS and Windows 3.1x are not provided.

VMware networking skills

VMware's most popular feature is that it provides a complete network function, allows the guest system to easily and conveniently connect to the host system through the network, or even access external networks, especially the network.

Renew your network card

Vmnet's network functions are implemented through many network cards, including VMWare network adapter vmnet1, VMWare network adapter vmnet8 in the host system (these two cards will be described later), and AMD pcnet family PCI Ethernet adapter in the guest system. Because the robot does not have an installed physical network card, however, if you create a network card from the host system, you will inevitably increase the availability of VMware (as there may be various types of network cards ), therefore, it is the best practice to unify the network card of the machine.

Please note that, each guest machine can install the amd pcnet family PCI Ethernet Adapter network card at the same time (you can add a new hardware network card by adding the hardware wizard ), however, the maximum number is three links per worker. However, each host can only have three network cards installed at most, however, the number of hosts connected to the host system is unlimited (for Windows host systems, 32 for Linux host systems ), this is because a real computer can upload several guest systems at the same time.

VMware Elastic Compute Network Interface

VMware Workstation 4.0 provides nine dedicated network interfaces (from vmnet0 to vmnet8) to connect the guest and host systems, three of them have been set to auto-dynamic (vmnet0), NAT (vmnet8), host-only (vmnet1), and the other six are reserved for users; for a large number of users, the above three access methods have been fully used.

The new VMware Guest host provides four network connections between the guest and host systems: use bridged networking, Use Network Address Translation, use host-only networking, and do not use a network connection. The first three types of connection are auto-dynamic connections (vmnet0) and NAT (vmnet8), host-only (vmnet1); the last one is not connected through a network. The following users will describe these three connection methods. During the description, the VMware Virtual Network editor dialog box (edit/Virtual Network Setting) needs to be opened) to help. Before the beginning of the description, please refer to the summary mark of the virtual network editor delivery window, which shows the configuration of the VMware elastic network.

Use bridged networking (BRIDGE/vmnet0) failover Method

Bridge connects the guest system to the Region network through the host system. The result is that the guest system "directly" connects to the same region network as the host system; this method is also the most complete network function among the nine response interfaces. If you want to use this method with TCP/IP, you must specify an IP address for the guest and host systems, or allocated by the DHCP server on the region Network), and the IP addresses of the two must be in the same network segment. In addition, please note that you have set up several guest systems that may not be the same time. Please specify different IP addresses for each guest system, to avoid IP address bursts.

Bridge is the connector that uses the host system as the guest system and the region network, in practice, it is based on VMWare's self-developed VMware Bridge Protocol (for Windows systems, this is a network service rather than a traffic agreement) connect the real network card of the host system and the local network card of the guest system (AMD pcnet family PCI Ethernet adapter ), in addition, the hosts are connected to each physical network card on the host system. For example, if the following figure shows a non-linear network card on the host system of the attacker, the card is connected to the VMware Bridge Protocol.

When VMware is installed on Windows, the automatic security mode is enabled, in addition, this connection method is also used by the VMware Host Machine to set up host systems. Bridge automatically connects each physical network card on the host system, however, you can use the automatic bridging mark of the virtual network editor to exclude the real network card that you do not want to connect to, or disable the auto-dynamic access function.

Use Network Address Translation (NAT/vmnet8)

If the region network does not have a DHCP server, or you do not have an external IP address, you can specify it to the guest system, or your host system uses telephone, fixed, or fixed access to ADSL, or even a number of hosts to access the Internet, and you want the guest system to be able to access the network. So using NAT to connect the guest system to the host system is the best choice. In other words, Nat is the most convenient strongswan interface for accessing the guest and host systems.
Nat allows the guest system and host system to share the same IP address, therefore, as long as the host system can access the region or network (whether using PPP or pppoe) over TCP/IP ), then, the guest system can also access the region or network in the same way. VMware makes the NAT feature a web card and automatically installs it on the host system when installing VMWare on Windows, therefore, you can see the VMware network adapter vmnet8 network card in the Windows "" window.

In the virtual network editor dialog box, you can renew the VMware Nat settings folder, and press Edit to set the billing information. In addition, if you want the guest system to use the NAT gateway to connect to the network, the service status in the following region must be set to started, otherwise, press start service or restart service to renew the NAT service.

In addition, the host virtual network mapping mark in the virtual network editor dialog box allows you to set nine elastic network interfaces for VMware, among them, vmnet8 is the NAT subnet connection method, and the most right-facing... You can set the network segment, DHCP address, and Nat address according to the bandwidth.

Use host-only networking (host-only/vmnet1)

Host-only establishes a private TCP/IP network between the host system and the guest system, and the IP address in this private network, will be provided by the VMware DHCP server. Generally, the host-only guest system cannot access the network, however, if the host system provides a function similar to Windows "network-based network sharing", then the guest system can also use the network-based network. VMware also implements the host-only feature as a dynamic route card and automatically installs it on the host system when installing VMWare on Windows, therefore, you can see the VMware network adapter vmnet1 network card in the Windows "" window.

In addition, vmnet1 is the host-only protocol connection method in the host virtual network mapping mark assignment in the virtual network editor window... You can set the IP address range of the Host-only instance, such as DHCP.

DHCP settings for VMware

Zookeeper mentioned two network interfaces, Nat and host-only. You must specify the IP address to the guest system, in order to make the network of the guest system operate normally. In this situation, VMWare provides a DHCP server service, which can be dynamically assigned to assign IP addresses to the guest system using NAT and host-only, users can use the virtual network editor's DHCP mark to complete the configuration of the VMware DHCP server.

The VMware DHCP server can only serve nine clients, including vmnet0 and vmnet8, to access the network interfaces. However, it is recommended that the clients, vmnet1 (NAT) and vmnet8 (host-only) if you want to add a Server Object to the two interfaces, press add new to add the object. If you want to configure the DHCP server for the entire interface, first, select the dynamic route interface that you want to complete, and then press properties and press allow. First, select the dynamic route interface that you want to delete, and then press remove and press allow. In addition, please make sure that the service status is started, which means that the DHCP server is dynamic. Otherwise, please press start service or restart service to activate the DCHP server Server service by pressing restart.

Conclusion

The performance of VMware and the functionality of the network model are indeed quite effective, so that users can have a real-world computer, in addition to saving money for multiple real-world computers, it also saves the space for storing real-world computers. Of course, the actual performance of the hardware is not as good as that of the real hardware, and it is used as the real computer configuration of the host system, it is also necessary to make the guest and host systems more efficient, especially the CPU speed and memory volume. However, if you want to upgrade some network channels or application programming lines in the guest system, VMWare is also applicable. VMWare also has a Linux version, linux can be used as the host system.