Today's Google icon-138 anniversary of Frank Lloyd Wright's birth

The 138 anniversary of the birth of the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright was born in Richland center, Wisconsin on June 8, 1867 and died in Phoenix, Arizona on April 9, 1959 at the age of 91. His father William Cary Wright is a musician and missionary; his mother Anna Lloyd Jones is a teacher from a Wales family near spring green in Wisconsin; Wright has two sisters, jane (1869) and maginel (1877 ).

In their early years, their family had a kind of pastoral life. before arriving at Madison in 1878, they had lived in Fig Island, Iowa, and mascript usetts. From the age of 11, Wright spent nine years in Madison. He spent the summer with his Uncle James Lloyd Jones on a farm near taliesin Hill. At that time, his father served as a priest in the Unitarian Church. His early experiences in rural Wisconsin had a profound impact on Wright. His parents divorced in 1885, and Wright never saw his father again. To support the family, Wright started working for Allan Conover, the Dean of the College of Engineering at Wisconsin State University. At Wisconsin State University, Wright spent two semesters studying civil engineering. He also painted the architect Joseph Lyman silsbee and supervised the construction of the Unity Chapel.

Days in Chicago: Wright left Madison in 1887 and went to Chicago to work with silsbee for several months. In 1888, he earned a point in drawing for his own firms in Adler and Sullivan, and worked under Louis Sullivan for six years. Sullivan is one of the few people that have an impact on Wright. Sullivan proposed a famous Theory: "Form follows the function" (or "function determines the form"). This theory comes from his natural concept of decoration design. Later, Wright corrected the theory and became: "functions and forms are integrated ". Sullivan believes that the true American architecture should be American, rather than traditional European architecture. This idea was finally implemented by Wright. The cooperation between Sullivan and Wright ended in 1893, because Sullivan found that Wright had accepted a design work named bootleg, which violates the agreement between the two people at that time. After many years, they established a new friendship. Wright always says that Sullivan is like his "Lieber Meister ". At the age of 22, Wright married Catherine Tobin and settled down in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago. In 1893, Wright left Sullivan's office and established his own building lab in Chicago. Soon he set up a studio in his home in Oak Park and moved the lab to his home.

Organic and grassland residences: Wright's first masterpiece was a Winslow private home built in 1893 by the forlis River in Illinois. This private house was designed by Wright for William Winslow, his first customer, and shows Wright prefers to use a peculiar proportion to represent the building. Wright believes that buildings should be connected between humans and their environments. Wright claims that the building he designed is an organic building that reflects human needs, the natural characteristics of the site, and the use of available natural materials. During this period, Wright's most famous architectural design was prairie houses. The roof of the house has a very small slope and has a deep selection of beams, but there is no Loft And basement. The long rows of Windows emphasize the impression that the House is low. He uses completely natural, spotted wood without paint, so that the natural beauty of the wood can be fully reflected. This is his first attempt to design a brand new, localized American-style building. At this time, Wright and some Chicago architects who used the design in this way formed the prairie school ). Although Wright himself does not like to be labeled as such, he has actually become the leader of this school. Wright started his speech in public and wrote some articles to express his views on the building. The art and craft of the machine, the most famous "art and craft of Design" in his numerous lectures)
This is July 1901. It marks the beginning of the design concept accepted and widely spread by American architects. The art and crafts movement was popular during that time, and it was believed that the level of craft technology could directly influence design. Correspondingly, Wright emphasizes the role of design and design: It is important to show the simple and beautiful natural characteristics of wood, rather than simply imitating hand-carved wood. Therefore, emphasizing simplification and adhering to the natural processing of materials is the characteristic of his design work. During this period, his main works included Martin's private home in Buffalo, New York, Robin's private home in Chicago, Illinois, and Larkin building in Buffalo, New York; unity Temple, located in Oak Park, Illinois (the first important pure concrete building in the United States ).

A return to his roots: in 1909, at the peak of Wright's career, he left his home and studio in Oak Park and came to Europe with his wife mamah borthwick Cheney. In Europe, I wrote two books about his work, published by Ernst wasmuth, known for the wasmuth portfolio. These two books are: ausgef ü rhte bauten and entwürfe (published in 1910) and ausgef ü RTE bauten (published in 1911 ). The two publications earned an international reputation for his work and influenced other architects. In 1911, Wright went back to his hometown (in taliesin, Wisconsin, near spring green) to build a house for himself and set up a studio there. Soon, he was given the opportunity to design a large entertainment center called midway gardens in Chicago. In 1913, he designed a hotel in Tokyo. When Wright continued to design midway gardens in Chicago in 1914, A neuropatient set fire to Wright's residence in taliesin, where mamah Cheney, her two children and four others died. Despite such a heavy blow, he quickly cheered up and rebuilt his home in taliesin. Shortly afterwards, Wright met Miriam Noel, a female, who later became his wife, when designing the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo (they divorced in 1927 ). Imperial Hotel, known for its seismic design, was one of the few surviving buildings in the 1923 Kanto earthquake, which basically destroyed the entire Tokyo City. The hotel was destroyed in 1968, but its entrance hall was preserved and later converted into a construction Park. During this period, Wright designed several residences in Florida, such as Hollyhock House and Millard house. Millard house first adopted large masonry, a specially designed prefabricated block made of steel and concrete. In 1925, unfortunately, he again arrived at Wright's home, and his residence in taliesin was burned down again, this time due to leakage. Like the previous one, he quickly rebuilt the house.

Taliesin Design Group and taliesin West winter base: In 1928, Wright married the daughter of Montenegro's Chief Judge Olga lazovich. Later, he began to devote his major efforts to writing and giving speeches, so that he introduced himself to the masses. When he was 65 years old in 1932, he published an autobiography and the disappearing city ), these two books have extensively influenced several generations of architects. Wright was somewhat frustrated because he had not received the design project. For a while, he and his wife created a building school in taliesin. This school is famous for its design group taliesin fellowship. According to Wright and his wife, they set up the school to provide a learning environment for people who study buildings and require them to take care of all aspects of life, to make them responsible, creative, and civilized. Here, these people not only have experience in architectural design, but also have a bit of experience in architectural structures, agricultural production, gardening, and cooking, they also want to study nature, learn music, art, and dance. In 1927, Wright was invited to design Arizona Biltmore. After 1927, Wright and several drafters built a temporary desert camp near Chandler, named "ocatilla" by Wright ". In 1934, when Wright and the taliesin Design Group created a model for broadacre city in Arizona, Wright was considered a master of architecture that was about to be abandoned by the times. However, in 1936, Wright proved the mistake of this argument and completed several important design tasks, which were very outstanding. These include: Johnson wax administration building in Racine; Fallingwater in the village of Pennsylvania; and a private apartment in jacbsl (a non-expensive but well-functioning building, is the first usonian-style building ). During the Second World War, these works earned Wright widespread social praise and trendy design tasks. In his Autobiography Written by Robert Twombly for Wright in 1973, he wrote: "after nearly two decades of low tide, his strong creative desires are as dramatic as the restoration of American art, this is especially impressive because Wright is a 70-year-old." In 1937, Wright designed wingspread near Racine in Wisconsin, a house designed for Herbert F. Johnson of the Johnson wax company. In the same year, Wright decided to set up a permanent winter residence in Arizona, where he purchased a land of several hundred acres at the foot of McDowell in Scottsdale, Arizona. Here, he and the taliesin Design Group built taliesin west into a desert camp where they plan to spend the winter to avoid bad weather in Wisconsin. According to Wright, "taliesin West is a world outlook ." (Taliesin West is a look over the rim of the world) This is a bold attempt to the desert architecture. For 20 years, taliesin West has been Wright's building lab. Wright tried his newest architectural scheme, structural scheme, and detailed architectural practice there. As Wright's winter camp for years, taliesin West and his design team designed and built their own homes, shops, schools and studios, all of these reflect the unique nature of the desert life that was born. Over the years, Wright designed the monona terrace Civic Center in Madison, Wisconsin. In addition, he continued to design the "unonian" style, this style was later as popular as his early "prairie" architecture. This is a cast-in-place single-storey building. It features innovation in the heat supply mode, prefabricated walls made of wood boards and tar paper, a large open flow space, and invented the carport.

The last decade: Wright received many awards, titles, medals, and honors in the last decade of his career. Many international exhibitions were held one after another, such as the 60-year architectural career that opened in Palazzo STROZZI in Florence in 1951 ". In 1954, he published the book the natural House, which discusses usonian-style buildings and a new concept called usonian automatic ". In 1955, Wisconsin State University awarded Wright Fine Arts honorary doctorate. In the same year, Wright designed the final scheme for the Guggenheim Museum in a room at the Plaza Hotel in New York, which he accepted in 1943. He redecorated the design room with black and red paint and a thick ceramic carpet and called it taliesin east. The following year, Chicago Mayor Richard Daley named October 17 "Chicago Wright Day ". In 1956, Wright wrote a book named the story of the tower to commemorate the construction of the price tower in bartleville in occa. This year, the Guggenheim Museum broke ground. Although Wright's main architectural work in his life was a residential building, he became a turning point in 1957. In that year, his studio received 59 projects, 35 of which were public buildings. The most famous of these works is the Marin County Civic Center in California. In the same year, Wright also went to Baghdad to see the Iran king and design an opera house and some municipal buildings. However, the Iran revolution in 1958 failed to implement these designs. He also designed the State Council building, Arthur Miller, and Marilyn Monroe private residences for Arizona, which were ultimately not implemented. At the age of 90, Wright wrote another book, "a testament", as Bruce brools pfeiffier, the case custodian, said, wright made a final summary of his work and artistic achievements in the 20th century. In 1958, Wright was in his 90 s, and he got 31 brand new design tasks. At this time, the total number of projects on his design desk reached 166 surprising. This year, he wrote the living city and supervised the construction of Guggenheim, which was not completed until he died. The auditorium he designed for Arizona State University in 1959 was completed just after his death. Wright made a total of 1100 designs in his life, nearly 1/3 of which were completed in his last decade. Wright was amazed at his ability to update himself and worked tirelessly in architectural design. He created a real American-style building. Through his work, his work, and his training of hundreds of students, his ideas have been spread all over the world.