Well, I admit, from very early times I was told that the biggest difference between humans and animals is that humans use tools. Tools are great. Seeing, tools help us get rid of our lives and create something called civilization. But who has considered which tools are the most important in the history of civilization? In last August, Forbes, a US magazine, conducted a survey to find 20 most important tools in history, with the largest tool, the abacus and the compass.
Forbes has visited over 3,000 readers, magazine editors, and a Group of Experts over the past few months, including Apple's former vice president of computer science, Norman, a professor at Northwestern University, peter roski, a professor of history at Duke University in the United States. The tool selected is based on the principle of hand holding and portability, and removes abstract tools such as language and software. machines are not considered. According to this principle, 33 tools were selected, allowing respondents to vote for 20 of the greatest tools. The following are the top 10 greatest tools.
1. Knife
Keywords: War
It is the oldest tool for humans to use knives for more than 2 million years. The human ancestor uses it to protect and hunt. With a knife, millions of years ago, humans weighing 50 or 60 kilograms could defeat 500 or 600 kilograms of beasts. The earliest civilization of mankind is the civilization built on the blade. In the several tools mentioned later, sickle, sword, and saw have all evolved from it.
Forbes magazine's comment on the world's greatest tool is simple: No knives, no shells, claws, and beam humans will not survive, and humans will not survive, there is no civilization today. A rough and cruel conclusion.
2. Abacus
Keywords: Computing
The contribution of arithmetic in the history of human civilization is enormous. It can be said that it is the first step for human beings to think abstractly. The Abacus is the world's earliest mechanical arithmetic tool, and it is also the computer ancestor that is almost everywhere today. Without it, you have to count only 20 fingers and toes.
Speaking of the Abacus, Chinese civilization can be proud of it. Although in ancient Greece, people painted several bars on the ground and put a few stones on them, they were the earliest prototypes of the Abacus, and the Chinese were the ones who could really improve the abacus. In 1200 AD, the Chinese improved their Abacus to the present and became the most advanced computing tool in the world.
3. Compass
Keywords: Game
It is also a great invention in China. The compass was first used for divination. When it was found that the needle always points to the north, it was changed to a diversion tool. The significance of the compass is that it greatly increases the scope of individual activities so that humans can migrate extensively and develop more settlements.
When we were very young, we all heard that the Yellow Emperor was also able to show off the story of how the Chinese people had been able to make a fortune by defeating yuyou with a "rickshaw. In Europe, the compass became popular around the 12th century. Then the navigators used the compass to discover that the Earth was originally a circle.
4. Pencil
Keywords: Write
Writing is one of the most outstanding inventions in the history of human civilization. With the help of writing, we can see the subsequent history and culture. Writing will pass down the human survival experience from generation to generation, this is the essence of the continuous development of human civilization. However, unfortunately, the pencil is behind the knife, Abacus, and compass. We can see that in the minds of modern people, the status of Liberal Arts is not as good as engineering, science, or war ......
The origins of pencils can be traced back to the ancient Rome era, where they were written on papery. By the 16th century, Italians had made graphite pencils and used them until now.
5. Reins
Keywords: Train
The reins have a history of over 4000 years. This is the origin of agriculture. It is the beginning for humans to tame other animals and shows that humans stand out in all creatures.
The earliest appearance of the reins can be traced back to more than 6000 years ago. According to the archaeological findings, at that time, humans had conquered the horse to work for themselves. The appearance of the reins, as documented in the text, began to widely use horses as mounts in Egypt before 4000. The earliest reins were like a yoke and placed around the neck of the animal. But soon, people found that this device made the animal hard to breathe, so they made improvements, which roughly formed the present.
6. sickle
Keywords: ploughing
The development of agriculture from nomadic farming to cultivation is another milestone in the development of human civilization. This exclusive weapon of Western Legend "death" has played a major role in human farming. Sickle is a necessity for weeding and harvesting. In the agricultural age, the invention of the sickle allows a person to harvest several acres of crops in a few days. Of course, the sickle is sharp. In the age of tool control, it is the main weapon for farmers to defend themselves, fight, and even the peasant uprising.
Sickle first appeared before 5000, when the sickle was made from rock polishing, the end can be used for hand, the top bend, the inside of the curved parts polished sharp. After the technology of smelting iron is mature, the sickle made of iron is born with a blade. The shape of the sickle has been constantly improved, and the current use of the sickle is generally from the 12th to 15th century.
7. Lefu gun
Keywords: War
In the process of invention of human civilization, weapons are always more advanced than other tools. The gunpowder was invented by Chinese alchemy in the last four centuries. Afterwards, the gunpowder was continuously used in military affairs, and various hosts and guns were filled with gunpowder and began to expand violence. Until 1747, Benjamin Robin invented the Lefu gun, used the spiral lines inside the barrel to improve accuracy, and finally extended the violence to the extreme. The development of tools has finally been granted to humans, the ability of God alone in the legend. The most cruel era in human history has arrived.
8. Sword
Keywords: War
It is still a battle. The sage has to use the things of the army and even the fierce. Among the ten greatest tools in history, the weapon excludes three weapons.
The sword is the most classic weapon used by humans. In the history of thousands of years, countless people were born by the sword and died by the sword. The sword has ended the lives of countless people, established countless empire, and changed countless history. Forbes magazine commented that without a sword, the world would be a completely different world.
At first, humans used short swords. By about 5000, bronze swords, Iron Swords, and steel swords formed by quenching appeared in sequence. The standard sword has a 1/3-blade opening on the top of the sword body, which is used for cutting-edge, and the unopened part is used for intercept defense. Today, we have never forgotten the glory and influence that the sword has brought. The Olympic Games still retain traditional fencing.
9. Glasses
Keywords: Correction
"Correction" is a trend in the development of modern tools. More and more tools are being invented to make up for all kinds of shortcomings of human beings and make them dependent on them. For example, glasses-if there are no glasses, 1/3 of the people in the world will all live in a confused world.
In ancient Rome, there were many well-documented myopia nobles. They only allow slaves to read what they want. The concept of glasses appeared around 1000 AD. At that time, some people noticed that curved glass could make people more clear. In 1286, people began to make frames to fix the glass on their faces. Since then, humans have tested countless fixed methods, such as hanging and sticking. Until 1780, Franklin made the prototype of modern glasses.
10. Saw
Keywords: Construction
Saw is a miracle in the history of tools. Few tools, like a saw, solve extremely important problems with an extremely simple structure. The invention of the saw allows humans to cut almost anything and change the shape of any object. As a result, a building was built in the very early days.
There are also very few tools like a saw, and the history of the invention is very mysterious. According to ancient Greek mythology, the saw was made by a little boy named perdix-he was a famous inventor.
The apprentice of Daedalus-invented. He was inspired by the fact that he often cut his hand from the jagged part on the edge of the fish bone. The version we heard from an early age was that ruban had broken his hand by a kind of rusty edge leaf in the mountains and thus invented the saw. In short, there are many such legends. However, no matter who invented the saw, the benefits we receive from it are immeasurable.
The history of using copper saw has been fully recorded in ancient Egypt five thousand years ago, and the appearance of the saw has not changed much-if you want to change, locals in the Mount abachia of the United States have changed the saw into a musical instrument. Today, some people will still play this kind of instrument called mountain music.
11-20
From 11th to 20th: watches, lathes, needles, candles, scales, pots, telescopes, levels, hooks, and chisel.
From the morning news,
Author: Sunday morning news reporter Wu Fei
Http://www.jfdaily.com/gb/node2/node17/node33/node83028/node83039/userobject1ai1301517.html
