Tracing ancestor Bai GUI during Tomb Sweeping Day

1. Character Overview

Bai GUI, a person from Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was born in Zhou zhending Wang for six years (463 BC). He was born in Zhou xianwang for four years (365 BC). He was an outstanding businessman in Ancient China and was enlightened by Zhou tianzi as "China's first Merchant ", song zhenzong was named "Shang Sheng ". Bai GUI worship Confucius disciples Zixia as a teacher in his early years, the old age of "Business Sutra" 80 volume published in the world, the world businessmen are all follow suit. Bai Gui's self-contained business management ideology has had a huge impact on future generations. Businessmen of all ages have regarded him as an "ancestor ".

Bai GUI, by observing the market conditions and the changes of the year's success, pursues the business method of "people abandon me, people take me and". When the harvest ends, he buys food and sells silk and paint. When a silkworm cocoon is formed, it is used to buy silk and sell grain. Predict The amount of rain and apologize in the next year with the experience of observing the sky. If there was a bumper harvest in that year and there was a great drought in the coming year, a large amount of food was acquired and goods were accumulated. If you want to increase food prices, you can buy other cereals. If you want to improve the quality, you can buy high-quality cereals. In order to grasp the market conditions and change rules, we often go deep into the market, understand the situation, and know the price of Urban and Rural grain. Although Bai GUI is rich in the world, his daily life is simple, his lust is abandoned, and his wear is saved. He and his slaves share the same joys and sorrows. Bai Gui's business operations are fast-paced, without mistaken timing.

Bai Gui's business theory is summarized into four words: intelligence, courage, benevolence, and strength. He said that to make a fortune in business, we must plan strategies like yin and Lu Shang, and use troops as decisive as Sun Tzu and Wu Qi. If intelligence cannot be changed, courage is not enough to make decisions, benevolence is not good at trade-offs, strong will not keep track of business, and not qualified to talk about business techniques. Bai Gui's business theories are used as examples and references for future businessmen.

Ii. Social Background

 

During the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of contention and academic prosperity prompted great changes in society, productivity increased rapidly, the amount of commodities on the market increased sharply, and the consumption and purchasing capacity of the people increased accordingly. The long-term merger war has changed the history of small country forests, traffic congestion, and market segmentation. Under the impetus of all these factors, new prosperity has emerged in the development of business. In this period, a large number of great businessmen have emerged, and the future generations have been honored as the ancestor of businessmen, is the most famous representative.

Iii. life stories

Bai GUI, a young man, worshipped Zixia, a disciple of Confucius, as a teacher. As recommended by Zixia, when Bai GUI entered Shi Wei Guo and Wei wenhou, Bai GUI was Zhong Qing. At that time, Wei Guo was in shaoliang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi), located at the border, and was often attacked by the Qin army. Due to Bai Gui's initiative, wei du was moved from Shao Liang to Da Liang (Kaifeng, Henan ). After the relocation, the Daliang can be directly located in Jianghuai in the south and Yanzhao in the north. It can also look down on the whole territory of Wei Guo, And the relocation is actually a good strategy of Bai GUI. Wei wenhou, Wei gradually flourish. Qin repeatedly sent troops to break the border of Wei Guo. Bai GUI recommended Wu Qi as the general to Wei wenhou, and cut the Qin State to the West. He not only recovered Wei's lost ground, but also pulled out the five cities of the Qin State. Afterwards, Wei wenhou adopted Bai Gui's best strategy of defending against war and ordinary times for the people, and banned Wu from defending against the West River. From then on, Wei's border was peaceful and the people were living and enjoying their work.

Later, Bai GUI was appointed as xiangguo by Wei wenhou to take charge of Wei's military and political power. Wei wenhou wants to dominate the ship, and uses Sun yat-sen to kill Wei jiangleyangzi and lead the three armies of Bai GUI. leyang serves as the general, Wei Taizi hits escort grain and grass, and Northern Expedition to Zhongshan. Sun Yat-sen is a small country that does not arrive at Wei jun. The army abandoned the city and fled. Le Yang took revenge and killed countless people. Bai GUI could not endure the flood of the people and ordered the troops to be withdrawn. After that, Bai GUI resigned from his position as xiangguo to Wei wenhou, and Wei wenhou presented Bai GUI with a pair of Value-Oriented Jade to retain Bai GUI as his role. However, Bai Gui's resignation was decided to inherit his father's ambition, business-oriented. The birthplace of Bai GUI is developed in Luoyang since ancient times. The city of Luoyang is devoted to commerce and handicrafts, and the pursuit of profit is a tradition of Luoyang. Born here, Bai Gui has a very high business talent and eventually became the top merchant in the Warring States period. During the Warring States Period, commerce was developing rapidly, and the number of merchants was huge. As a result, there were also a lot of mixed businesses, some of which were fair and profitable. However, there were also many businessmen who had accumulated a long history and monopolized the market, profit. As a result, people divided businessmen into two categories: "Cheng Jia", "Lian Shang", and "Liang Shang ", another type is known as "jia", "greedy jia", and "Shang". Bai GUI is a typical representative of Liang Shang in the Warring States period.

During the Warring States Period, most merchants liked to operate jewelry businesses. His father, Lu Buwei, once said that operating Zhuyu could earn a hundred times. However, Bai GUI did not select the most profitable industry at that time, but opened up a new industry of agricultural and sideline products trade. Bai GUI was brilliant and brilliant. He saw the rapid development of agricultural production and realized that the operation of agricultural and sideline products would become a lucrative industry, remove Valley. Bai GUI believes that although the daily necessities such as "xiagu" are of low profits, the consumption elasticity is small, and the transaction volume is large. In order to win more, the benefits can be obtained in the same way, so he resolutely chose agricultural products, rural handicraft raw materials and products as the main business direction.

4. Good Business Skills

Bai Gui has a unique set of business techniques. He summarized his business principles into eight words: "People abandon me, people take me and ". The specific method is to purchase grain in a timely manner when farmers sell a large amount of grain during the harvest season or in a rich year, and then sell the necessities such as silk and lacquer ware to the more plentiful farmers; when the year is not good or the year is yellow or yellow, the grain will be sold in due time, and the unsalable handicraft raw materials and products will be purchased at the same time. What Bai Gui said is "and", which is to benefit people. When some goods are unsalable in the backlog, some profiteering companies wait for lower prices and then purchase a large number of goods, while Bai GUI purchases at a price higher than other companies. When there is a shortage of market food, the profiteers are busy, while bai GUI sells at a lower price than other companies in a timely manner to meet the needs of the people. Bai Gui's operation method not only ensures that he can take the initiative in operation and obtain lucrative profits, but also objectively adjusts the supply and demand and price of goods, to some extent, it protects the interests of farmers, individuals, and general consumers. It's no wonder that BAI guiziqian is "benevolence ".

Bai GUI manages financial services for the country. He often looks at the overall situation from the perspective of big considerations, and never dislikes small benefits or frauds in business operations. He linked the circulation of goods with the development of production, which not only allowed the operation to produce wealth, but also facilitated the development of production. He believed that only by filling in the gaps, so that materials from all over the country can support each other while assisting the civil security. The specific practice is: if a place is rich in cocoon, purchase these products, and use cereals and other things that are lacking in the local area for replacement. If there is a high grain yield in a place, purchase their food and exchange it with silk, paint, and other necessities. In this way, goods throughout the country can be circulated, which is conducive to the lives of the people and can make profits from them.

5. Extensive knowledge

Bai GUI also pays great attention to fostering farmers' production to ensure and expand their sources of goods. He once supplied excellent grain seeds to farmers, not only gaining profits for himself, but also helping farmers increase their production, so that they could grasp more adequate sources of supply. Bai GUI builds his own business operations on the basis of developing agricultural production, promotes agricultural production through commerce, and promotes business operations through the development of agricultural production. This kind of business philosophy is unprecedented.

During the Warring States Period, the profit of jewelry, especially those targeting the right rich, was extremely high. However, Bai GUI chose to operate daily necessities such as "xiagu", but it is faced with a large number of poor civilian people. Therefore, Bai GUI pursues the principle of small profits but small profits, and does not increase the price of goods, instead, we can increase profits by Accelerating commodity circulation and expanding sales. The operation of agricultural and sideline products is greatly restricted by the agricultural harvest. Therefore, it is of great significance to seize the opportunity, especially to grasp the pattern of changes in the landscape. Bai Gui has a superb ability to seize the opportunity. Based on the ancient concepts of age, age, and age, he used astronomy and meteorology knowledge to sum up a set of laws for agricultural harvest, and follow this rule to make a transaction, the purchase of food at low prices in the peak year, to sell when the grain price increases in the year of failure, from the peak year and the year of failure, the price difference can be multiplied. Bai Gui's Business forecasting theory is actually an agricultural economic cycle theory, which shows Bai Gui's wisdom and foresight.

At that time, Bai GUI was very good at observing the weather changes. Pay attention to reserve grain and food supplies in advance to save the disaster and assist the people in Anbang. In the year of bumper harvest, a large number of purchases were made when food prices were low, and when disasters occurred, they were sold at a lower price than the market price to help the people survive the famine. In this way, wealth also doubles while assisting the people. Bai GUI also has a business philosophy that makes modern people feel ashamed: "To get long money, take down the valley, and take the upper class ." This means that if you buy grain to save money and eat it by yourself, you will buy a poorer grain. If you want to make the seeds harvest in the next year, please buy the finest seeds. He not only thinks about each other, but also plans to be reasonable, both frugal and productive. This kind of business philosophy and people who really want to think about customers are also worthy of follow-up. If sellers treat customers as God, they should consider customers everywhere, and they should think in front of themselves like Bai gui. This is an effective business strategy.

Bai GUI inherited and applied the wisdom of his predecessors to form his own business theory and business strategy. He once said with extreme confidence that he manages production and business operations, just like Yi Yin and Lu Shang used strategy to govern the country, and Sun Tzu and Wu started to use troops. The business of Bai Gui's strategizing and winning coupons proves that this statement is not false.

6. Collecting disciples

Bai GUI is the person who taught his disciples the earliest in the business industry. He received some students through strict selection. Bai Gui's enrollment standards are high. He believes that a good businessman must meet the following conditions: he must pass the changes of authority, weigh the advantages and disadvantages, seize the opportunity, and be surprisingly successful. He must be brave and decisive, be patient, have perseverance, and be able to hold on to the waiting, so that you can understand the principles of giving, and follow the business principles of "abandon, take, and take. Although merchants ranked last in the industry division of ancient "people, peasants, workers, and businessmen", their position in the history of China has always been relatively low, but Bai GUI regards the highest moral standard of the society as the basic quality requirement of businessmen, it can be seen that the merchant required by Bai GUI is a person with a high degree of culture and a high moral character, which is in line with his "benevolence-based" business philosophy.

VII. impact on future generations

In his later years, Bai GUI published the book "Shang Dao", and all businessmen in the world follow suit. The business philosophy of Bai Gui's self-contained system has a great impact on future generations. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, huishang, the largest merchant, had retained the legacy of Bai GUI two thousand years ago. Rong zongjing, a famous modern national capitalist, also adhered to the business principle of Bai Gui's "abandon me to take", while CHEN jiageng, the most famous overseas Chinese entrepreneur in Nanyang, pursued the "abandon me to take" principle, the business philosophy of "competing for me and avoiding" is also the inheritance and development of the business theory of baigui. Sima Qian commented on Bai GUI in "historical records · uploads of goods" and said, "The world speaks about governance of ancestor Bai Gui ". Bai Gui has been regarded as an ancestor by future businessmen. His business philosophy is still of guiding significance to operators today.

VIII. Financial Management Concept

Financial management should predict market conditions. The core content of Bai Gui's financial management thoughts is "Time-Varying optimism", that is, predicting market changes and making financial decisions. "Time" refers to market conditions, and "time-varying views" refers to predicting market changes. He proposed the idea of "abandoning people and taking people from me" for financial decision-making. Here, "people abandon me to take" refers to the opportunity to buy when the supply of goods is oversupply and people do not want to worry about it. He knows the truth about "cheap, cheap, and expensive", so he buys it at a low price. "People give me" means that when the supply of goods in your hands is in short supply and the price is soaring, you can take the opportunity to sell them. This is the principle that "the price is high, the price is high. Bai Gui's "Time-Varying" also includes the impact of agricultural apologies on commodity prices and supply and demand. He believes that in the year of disaster recovery, other agricultural and sideline products may not be cut. As a result, the annual food price is relatively lower than that of other agricultural and sideline products, and the annual food price is relatively higher. As a result, Bai GUI purchases less-priced food and agricultural and sideline products with higher prices in the fengnian period. In the year of the disaster, Bai GUI sells food and agricultural and sideline products. To do this, you must be able to predict agricultural apologies, instead of waiting until the apologies have been shown. Therefore, Bai GUI also put forward a set of effective theories for Predicting Agricultural abundance.

Financial decisions must be implemented quickly and timely. Financial management cannot wait and see, miss the opportunity. The historical records-the biography of goods, said Bai GUI, "when the rush, if the fierce beast, the birds of the hair", extremely vividly described his spirit of strong and vigorous financial decision-making.

Financial management should be good at employing people. Bai GUI believes that financial management should be a good choice. How can we select good people? He proposed four requirements: intelligence, courage, benevolence, and strength. This is his standard of employment. He believes that a good manager should "be able to eat thin, endure lust, get clothes, and be happy with others" when working with the manager ". He has realized that the achievements of managers and managers are closely related to their character, emotion, and psychology. Therefore, when employing people, they do not advocate strong pressure and temptation, but use the "same joys and sorrows" approach to work together to create a "exciting engine" in their hearts ", this idea seems to be worth learning today.

Financial management must handle financial relationships. Bai Gui's explanation of "benevolence" is "can take to give", meaning that he understands and is good at handling the financial relationship between "Fetch" and "give. As a big businessman, Bai Gui has a huge appetite for profit, and the profit is made by trading opponents and people who help him or her do business. These are all "Fetch ". However, if you do not "give", there will soon be nowhere to "get. He has realized that he wants to "give" some interests to his competitors and "give" some benefits to the workers who want to help him. Financial relationships are improved, so that their own interests can be easily realized.

Financial management needs to be small profits. Bai GUI pursues big profits, but he believes that big gains do not have to be achieved by operating expensive goods or selling high prices in transactions. Expensive goods are not just what the average person can buy, but have limited sales. Low-cost goods are the necessities of the masses. The demand is large and profitable. Therefore, Bai GUI put forward the idea of "taking the grain for long money" in financial management practice. "Bottom Valley" refers to the grain consumed by the masses of people, with a low price and a small profit, but a large sales volume. The "bottom Valley" operation can also achieve a relatively large profit. Bai Gui's commercial philosophy of "abandoning people and taking advantages of others" and "knowing, entering, and observing" has also inspired modern financial management.