Ubuntu 16.04 installs Grub customizer replacement Startup-manager (fix not found Menu.lst,grub configuration brief introduction)

Introduction to Grub:

Http://baike.baidu.com/item/GRUB

http://blog.csdn.net/bytxl/article/details/9253713

Menu.lst Location:

No menu.lst files have been opened since 10.04. In fact, to edit this file is about setting the startup item, then only need to configure GRUB.

Configuring GRUB2 Boot Loader settings

16.04 the system uses GRUB2,GRUB2 as the default boot loader for most Linux operating systems. GRUB2 represents Grand Unified Bootloader. The GRUB2 boot loader is the first program that runs when a computer starts. It is responsible for the kernel load and transfer control of the operating system. The kernel then takes care of it and initializes the rest of the operating system.

Warning: The default configuration file for GRUB2 is/boot/grub/grub.cfg. You should not edit or modify this file unless you are familiar with GRUB2. This is the primary file that boots to the Linux operating system. If any errors are caused to this file, the system crashes. So, don't touch this file!

All settings related to GRUB2 are stored in the/etc/default/grub file. Any changes made in this file will be reflected in the GRUB2.

Back up the/etc/default/grub file before making any changes.

sudo cp/etc/default/grub/etc/default/grub.bak

The typical grub will look like the following.

Cat/etc/default/grub

Sample output:

# If you change this file, please run "Update-grub" later to update #/Boot/grub/grub.CFG. # for a complete documentation of the options in this file, see: #info-f grub-n ' simple configuration ' Grub_default=0Grub_hidden_timeout=0Grub_hidden_timeout_quiet=trueGrub_timeout=10Grub_distributor= ' Lsb_release-i-s 2>/dev/null | | Echo Debian 'Grub_cmdline_linux_default= "Quiet Splash"grub_cmdline_linux= ""# Uncomment enable Badram filtering, modify to meet your needs # This applies to Linux (no patches required) and any obtained kernel #grub memory mapping information (GNU MACH,FREEBSD kernel...) #grub_badram= "0X01234567,0XFEFEFEFE,0X89ABCDEF,0XEFEFEFEF"# Uncomment to disable the graphics terminal (GRUB-PC only) #grub_terminal=console# The resolution used on the graphics terminal # Note that you can only use the graphics card through the VBE supported mode # you could use the command ' Vbeinfo ' to see them in real GRUB #grub_gfxmode=640x480# If you don't want grub to "root=uuid=xxx "parameter passed to LINUX, please uncomment #grub_disable_linux_uuid=true# Uncomment to disable the Build Recovery Mode menu entry #grub_disable_recovery= "true"# Uncomment the beep when GRUB starts #grub_init_tune= "480 1"

Whenever you change this file, you must run the following command to apply the changes to GRUB2.

sudo update-grub

Make three important adjustments in the GRUB2 boot loader

1. Select the default operating system (Grub_default)

You can use this option to select the default operating system to start. If you set the value to "0", the first operating system in the GRUB boot menu item will boot. If you set it to "1", the second operating system will boot, and so on.

In addition, if you have more than one operating system in your system, you can use the value grub_default=saved to boot up an operating system. Whenever the system restarts, the last operating system is started. Note that you should add a line of grub_savedefault=true to make this technique work correctly.

You can also specify the name of the operating system entry to boot a specific operating system. For example, if you have an entry named "Lubuntu 14.04 lts" In the boot menu, you can use grub_default= "Lubuntu 14.04 lts" to start Lubuntu by default. Note that you should specify a value within quotation marks.

2. Set the operating system timeout (grub_timeout)

By default, the entry selected from the boot menu starts within 10 seconds.

You can increase or decrease this time-out setting. If the value is "0", the default operating system will start booting immediately. If the value is "5", the boot menu is displayed for 5 seconds so that you can select the operating system to load at system startup.

3. Change the grub background image

To change the grub background image, you need to copy the preferred image to/boot/grub/location.

sudo cp ostechnix.png/boot/grub/

Replace with your own image path. You can also use images in jpg/jpeg format. However, GRUB only supports 256-color jpg/jpeg image formats. So it's best to use PNG format images.

After making the necessary changes in the grub file, save and close it.

To apply the changes, you must run the following command:

sudo update-grub

You should see the following output:

Generating GRUB configuration file ... Found background Image:ostechnix.  /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-15/boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-15/boot/ vmlinuz-4.2.0-34/boot/initrd.img-4.2.0-34-genericfound memtest86+ Image:/Boot /memtest86+. elffound memtest86+ Image:/boot/memtest86+. Bindone

Restart and check that the changes are healthy.

Note that you should not edit or modify GRUB2 settings in mission critical or production systems. It is recommended that you test these settings in any virtual machine before you apply them to your production system.

Use of the Grub customizer tool:

This tool can replace the manual configuration file operation, just configure the GUI interface to achieve the same effect, the principle will eventually be written to the file.

The Startup-manager tool is obsolete, and Grub customizer is a substitute.

Installation:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:d anielrichter2007/grub-customizersudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get Install Grub-customizer

Start:

Reference:

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2016/04/install-grub-customizer-ubuntu-16-04-lts/(Installation)

https://www.ostechnix.com/configure-grub-2-boot-loader-settings-ubuntu-16-04/(above content translated from this article)

HTTPS://HELP.UBUNTU.COM/COMMUNITY/GRUB2 (official introduction to GRUB2)

Ubuntu 16.04 installs Grub customizer replacement Startup-manager (fix not found Menu.lst,grub configuration brief introduction)