Ubuntu Common 200 Commands

   view software XXX installation content: Dpkg -l xxx find software in the Software Library:apt-cache search  regular expressions find software in the Software Library: aptitude  search  package Find which package the file belongs to: Dpkg -s filename find out which package the file belongs to:apt-file search  filename query software xxx depends on which packages: apt-cache depends xxx query software XXX is which package depends on: apt-cache rdepends xxx Add a disc source: sudo  apt-cdrom add system Upgrade: Sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get dist-upgrade clears the residual profile of the deleted package: dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk  ' {print $2} '  |sudo xargs dpkg - P is missing the automatic processing of H files at compile time: Sudo auto-apt run ./configure View temporary storage directory for download packages when installing software: ls /var/cache/apt/ Archives back up the list of all packages that are currently installed on the system: dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall > ~/ Somefile Recover all packages from the list file of the backup installation package: Dpkg --set-selections < ~/somefile;sudo dselect Clean up the old version of the software cache: Sudo apt-get autoclean Clean up All software caches: Sudo apt-get clean remove orphaned software that is no longer used by the system:sudo apt-get  Autoremove View the address of the package on the server: Apt-get -qq --print-uris inStall ssh | cut -d\ '  -f2 view kernel: uname -a view Ubuntu version:cat /etc/issue  or   Lsb_release -a view kernel-loaded modules: Lsmod View PCI device: LSPCI view USB device: Lsusb -v view NIC Status: Sudo ethtool eth0 View CPU Information: Cat /proc/cpuinfo Display current hardware information: SUDO&NBSP;LSHW Display system run time: Uptime View the partition of the hard disk: Sudo fdisk -l hard disk partition:sudo  FDISK&NBSP;/DEV/SDA hard disk Format: SUDO&NBSP;MKFS.EXT3&NBSP;/DEV/SDA1 hard drive check (do not check the mounted partition, otherwise easily corrupt data): sudo fsck / DEV/SDA1 Partition mount:sudo mount -t  file system type   (-o nls=utf8  or  -o iocharset=utf8)   Equipment Path   Access route   partition uninstall:sudo umount  directory name or device name View IDE hard disk information: sudo hdparm -i /dev/ HDA View stat Hard drive info  :sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda  or  sudo blktool /dev/sda  ID view hard disk spare space: DF View directory Footprint:du -hs  Catalog A famous dish cannot be uninstalled: Sync;fuser -km /media/usbdisk view the current read and write status of the hard disk:sudo  IOSTAT&NBSP;-X&NBSP;2 View current Memory usage: Free dynamic display of Process execution: Top View what processes are currently in progress: PS&NBSP;-A View Current process tree: Pstree abort a process:kill  process number   or  killall  process name coercionStop a process:kill -9  process number   or  killall -9  process name graphical way abort a program:xkill  the mouse with the skeleton logo, Click on the program you want to abort to see the files open by the process: Lsof -p shows the process of opening file Abc.txt  :lsof abc.txt  displaying 22 ports What program is running now  :lsof  -i :22  Show NSD process now open files &NBSP;:LSOF&NBSP;-C&NBSP;NSD run the program in the background, after logging out, does not end programs  :nohup  programs  & Detailed display of program operation information  :strace -f -F -o outfile <cmd> increase system maximum number of open files: ulimit -n  4096  or  echo 4096 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max configuration  ADSL :sudo  PPPOECONFADSL manual dialing: sudo pon dsl-provider activation  adsl:sudo /etc/ppp/pppoe_on_boot Disconnect &NBSP;ADSL  :sudo poff Viewing the dial-up log: Sudo plog How to set the dynamic domain name:w3m -no-cookie -dump  ' Http://usere:[email  protected]/dyndns/update?system=dyndns&hostname=yourdns.3322.org ' IP check NIC address  :arping  IP address view current IP address according to IP check computer name &NBSP;:NMBLOOKUP&NBSP;-A&NBSP;IP address  :ifconfig eth0 |awk  '/inet/ { Split ($2,x, ":");p rint x[2]} ' to view the current IP address of the extranet  :w3m -no-cookie -dump www.123cha.com|grep -o  ' [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\} ' view the program currently listening on port 80  :lsof -i :80 View the physical address of the current Nic:arp -a | awk  ' {print &NBSP;$4} ' adds a second IP address to the same NIC  :sudo ifconfig eth0:0 1.2.3.4 netmask  255.255.255.0 immediately let the network support nat :echo 1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward;  sudo iptables -t nat -i postrouting -j masquerade  Viewing routing information:netstat  -rn  or  sudo route -n Manually add a route  :sudo route add -net 192.168.0.0  netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1 manually delete a route:sudo route del -net  192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1 How to modify the network card MAC address  :sudo ifconfig  Eth0 hw ether 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee count the number of current IP connections  :netstat -na|grep established|awk   ' {print $5} ' |awk -f:  ' {print $1} ' |sort|uniq -c|sort -r -n shielded ipv6 :echo  ' Blacklist ipv6 '  |  sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ipv6 View current network connection status and program  :sudo netstat - ATNP View ADSL Current traffic: sudo ethstatus -i ppp0 Check the registration status of the domain name: whois baidu.cn Check the routing of a domain name: tracepath  baidu.cn to obtain an IP address from the server  :sudo dhclient download the Web site document: wget -r -p -np -k http:// Www.xxx.com How to 5 threads Download: Axel -n 5 http://www.xxx.com/downloadfile.zip Add a service: SUDO&NBSP;UPDATE-RC.D   Service Name  defaults 99 Delete a service  :sudo update-rc.d  service name  remove temporarily restart a service:/etc/init.d/service Name  restart temporarily shuts down a service:/etc/init.d/service name  stop start a service temporarily:/etc/init.d/service name  start Add user:sudo adduser  User name Delete User:sudo deluser  user name modify current user's password: passwd Modify user password:sudo passwd  user name modify user profile:sudo chfn  UserID How to disable an account:sudo usermod -l  username   or  sudo passwd -l  user name How to enable an account: sudo  usermod -U  User name &nbspor  sudo passwd -u  user name add user to admin group:sudo usermod -g admin -a  User name Configure default Java to use which  :sudo update-alternatives --config java terminal setting agent  :export http_proxy =http://xx.xx.xx.xx:xxx Modifying system logon Information: SUDO&NBSP;VIM&NBSP;/ETC/MOTD using Sun's Java compiler: Sudo update-java-alternatives  -s java-6-sun Switch IME engine: im-switch -c Convert file name from GBK to utf8 :convmv -r -f cp936 - t utf8 --notest --nosmart * Convert file contents from GBK to Utf8 :iconv -f gbk -t utf8   $i  > newfile Conversion  mp3  tag encoding  :sudo apt-get install python-mutagen; find . -iname  ' *.mp3 '  -execdir mid3iconv -e GBK {} \; console display Chinese  :sudo apt-get install zhcon;zhcon --utf8 --drv=vgalftp  log in to remote Windows Chinese ftp: lftp :~>set ftp:charset gbkpdf  file garbled  :sudo apt-get install  xpdf-chinese-simplified xpdf-Chinese-traditional poppler-data One screen view file contents  :cat  FileName Paging view file contents:more  FileName Controllable paging view file contents:less  File names are based on string matching to view the contents of the:grep  string   file name displays the file name that contains the string:grep -l -r  string   path displays a file name that does not contain a string: grep  -L -r  string   Path Quick Find a file:find  directory  -name  file name create two empty files:touch file1  FILE2 Create nested directories recursively: MKDIR&NBSP;–P&NBSP;/TMP/XXS/DSD/EFD recursively delete nested directories: Rm –fr /tmp/xxs back to the current user's host directory: cd ~ View the absolute path of the current directory: PWD lists all files in the current directory: ls -a move the file under the path and rename:mv  path/file   /new Path/new file name copy file or directory: Cp -av   Original or original directory   new or new directory view file type: File filename Compare the differences between two files: Diff file1 file2 Displays the contents of the 6 line of the xxx file  : Tail -n 6 xxx constantly displays the latest content  :tail -n 10 -f /var/log/apache2/ Access.log View the contents of line fifth to 10th of the file  :sed -n  ' 5,10p '  /var/log/apache2/access.log find the command &nbsp about XXX;: apropos xxx  or  man -k xxx transfer files via SSH  :scp -rp /path/filename [email  protected]:/path  change the suffix of all files from RM to RMVB&Nbsp;:rename  ' s/.rm$/.rmvb/'  * change the capitalization of all filenames to lowercase:rename  ' tr/a-z/a-z/'  * delete special file names  --help.txt   Files:rm -- --help.txt  or  rm ./--help.txt View subdirectories of the current directory:ls -d */.  or  echo */. Move files that have been accessed in the last 30 days to the parent back directory  :find . -type f -atime -30 -exec &NBSP;MV&NBSP;{}&NBSP, .... /back \; displays files containing  xxxx  within one hour: find . -type f -mmin -60|xargs -i   grep -l xxxx  ' {} ' displays files within the last 2 hours to 8 hours:find . -mmin +120 -mmin  -480 -exec more {} \; Delete files that were modified 30 days ago  :find . -type f -mtime  +30 -mtime -3600 -exec rm {} \; Delete the file access time before 30 days  :find . -type  f -atime +30 -atime -3600 -exec rm {} \; Delete Guest's file ending with AVI or RM: find . -name  ' *.avi '  -o -name  ' *.rm '  -user  ' guest '  -exec rm& nbSp {} \; Delete files that are not used at the end of Java and XML for 7 days  :find . ! -name *.java ! -name  ' *. XML '  -atime +7 -exec rm {} \; Delete all  .svn  directories  :find . - name .svn -type d -exec rm -fr {} \; Delete all temporary files ending with "~" &NBSP;:FIND&NBSP;.  -name  ' *~ '  -exec rm {} \; statistics current number of files: ls .| WC&NBSP;-W Statistics current directory number: ls -l |grep ^d|wc -l Displays the file name of the 2006-01-01 in the current directory  :ls -l |grep  2006-01-01 |awk  ' {print $8} ' synchronizes remote data to a local directory using SSH  :rsync -pa -i -- Size-only --delete --timeout=300 remote_ip:/home/ubuntu /backup add  7Z  compress software: sudo  apt-get install p7zip p7zip-full p7zip-rar add  rar  software compression and decompression support  :sudo  apt-get install rar unrar Decompression  xxx.tar.gz :tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz Decompression &NBSP;XXX.TAR.BZ2&NBSP;:TAR&NBSP;-JXVF&NBSP;XXX.TAR.BZ2 Compression aaa BBB directory is XXX.TAR.GZ&NBSP;:TAR&NBSP;-ZCVF&NBSP;XXX.TAR.GZ&NBSP;AAA&NBSP;BBB compressed AAA&NBSP;BBB directory is Xxx.tar.bz2 :tar &NBSP;-JCVF&NBSP;XXX.TAR.BZ2&NBSP;AAA&NBSP;BBB Add  lha  Support  :sudo apt-get install  LHA Add Solution  cab  File support  :sudo apt-get install cabextract display calendar: Cal set Date:date -s  Mm/dd/yy set time: date -s hh:mm write time to CMOS&NBSP;:HWCLOCK&NBSP;--SYSTOHC view CMOS time  :hwclock -- Show read CMOS time  :hwclock --hctosys sync time from server  :sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com set PC's time zone to Shanghai: sudo  cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/asia/shanghai /etc/localtime turns off UTC and writes the current time to CMOS. :sudo sed -ie  ' s/utc=yes/utc=no/g '  /etc/default/rcs;sudo hwclock -- SYSTOHC Modify the root password of MySQL  :sudo mysqladmin -u root -p password  ' Your new password ' How to use the command to turn off the monitor  :xset dpms force off set CPU frequency  :sudo apt-get install  cpufrequtils;sudo cpufreq-info  command shutdown: Sudo halt now shut down the machine:sudo Shutdown -h now 11 o'clock Auto Power off: sudo shutdown -h 23:0060 minutes after shutdown: sudo shutdown -h  +60 command to restart your computer: Sudo reboot Restart your computer now: Sudo shutdown -r now turn off your notebook's touchpad  :synclient  Touchpadoff=1 Open the Notebook's touchpad: synclient touchpadoff=0 count the frequency of each word and sort  :awk  ' {arr[$1]+=1 }end{for (i  in arr) {print arr[i] "\ t" i} '  file_name | sort -rn statistics 80 port connections and sort  : netstat -na|grep :80|awk  ' {print $5} ' |awk -f:  ' {print $1} ' |sort|uniq - C|sort -r -n Add the terminal to the right-click menu:sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal  How to delete totem movie player's play History  :rm ~/.recently-usedvim  how to display color characters  :sudo cp /usr/share/vim/ VIMCURRENT/VIMRC_EXAMPLE.VIM&NBSP;/USR/SHARE/VIM/VIMRC  vim  Direct support for edit  .gz  file  :sudo  apt-get install vim-fullvim  How to display line numbers:: Set number View the startup program in Session settings: ls ~/.config/ Autostart improves the reaction speed of wine  :sudo sed -ie ' /GBK/,/^}/D '  /usr/share/x11/locale/zh_cn.utf-8/xlc_locale production ISO file: MKISOFS&NBSP;-O&NBSP;TEST.ISO&NBSP;-JRV  -v test_disk /home/carla/delay 10 seconds Capture: gnome-screenshot -d 10 delay 5 seconds Catch current activation window: gnome-screenshot  -w -d 5 how to command line burn: cdrecord -scanbus;cdrecord -v -eject speed=8 dev=1,1,0 Where is the  test.iso Recycle Bin: ~/.local/share/trash/where is the default open mode profile: ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list How to view HTTP headers: w3m -dump_head http://www.xxx.com continuous monitoring of memory usage: Watch  -d free How to switch to the root account: sudo - HS read-only mount NTFS partition: sudo mount -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ C writable Mount NTFS partition: sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o locale=zh_cn.utf8,umask=0 /dev/sdb1 / MNT/C mount FAT32 Partition: sudo mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=0 /dev/sda1 /mnt/ C Mount shared files: sudo mount -t smbfs -o  username=xxx,password=xxx,iocharset=utf8 // 192.168.1.1/share /mNt/share mount ISO file: sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,utf8 xxx.iso /mnt/ ISO with line number displays the contents of the file:nl  filename rmvb to Avi:for i in *; do mencoder -oac mp3lame  -lameopts vbr=3 -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4 -of avi  $i  -o  ' echo  $i  | sed -e  ' s/rmvb$/avi/';  done convert svg to png:for i in bulk  in *; do inkscape  $i  --export-png= ' echo  $i  | sed -e  ' s /svg$/png/';  done bulk Zoom out to 30%:for i in *; do convert -resize 30%x30%  $1 sm-$1; done Batch conversion jpg to png:for i in *; do convert  $i   ' echo   $i  | sed -e  ' s/jpg$/png/';  done gets the extended information for JPG (EXIF):identify -verbose  Xxx.jpg View all listening ports for the current system: nc -zv localhost 1-65535 remove ^m:cat filename | tr -d from the file   "^m"  > newfile Remove the text^m:sed -e  "s/^m//g"  filename > newfile convert bin/cue to ISO file:sudo apt-get  Install bchunk;bchunk image.bin image.cue image conversion directory to ISO file: mkisofs dirname -o  isofile.iso convert CD to ISO file: Dd if=/dev/cdrom of=isofile.isoape to Flac:sudo apt-get install  flac shntool;shntool split -t  "%n.%p-%t"  -f example_utf-8.cue -o  flac example.ape -d flacoutputdirape conversion to mp3:sudo apt-get install flac  shntool lame;shntool split -t  "%n.%p-%t"  -f example_UTF-8.cue -o  ' Cust  ext=mp3 lame --r3mix -b 320 --quiet - %f '  example.ape -d  mp3outputdir Check for local security risks: Sudo apt-get install rkhunter;rkhunter --checkall How to install anti-virus software: sudo apt-get install clamav;clamscan -r ~/View network connection Status: Netstat -n | awk   '/^tcp/ {++s[$NF]} end {for (A in s)  print a, s[a]} ' statistical program memory consumption: Ps -eo fname,rss|awk   ' {arr[$1]+=$2} end {for  (I in arr)  {print i,arr[i]}} ' |sort -k2 &NBSP;-NR displays the current memory size:free -m |grep  "Mem"  | awk  ' {print $2} ' sort processes by memory from large to small: PS  -eo  "%c  : %p : %z : %a" |sort -k5 -nr the process from large to small by CPU utilization: ps -eo  "%c  : %p : %z : %a" |SORT&NBSP;&NBSP;-NR statistics the size of all JPG files in the current directory: find . -name *.jpg -exec wc -c {} \;|awk  ' {print $1} ' |awk   ' {a+=$1}end{print a} ' clears zombie process:ps -eal | awk  ' { if  ($2 ==  "Z")  {print $4}} '  | sudo kill -9CD  capture rail for  mp3  (lossy): Sudo apt-get  install abcde;abcde -o mp3 -bCD  capture rail for  Flac  (lossless):sudo apt-get  Install abcde;abcde&nBsp;-o flac -b displays statistics for the system installation package: Apt-cache stats Displays the name of all packages available for the system: Apt-cache pkgnames Displays the package information: Apt-cache  show k3b

Original address: Ubuntu Common 200 commands
Tags: bash ubuntu command

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Ubuntu Common 200 Commands