Ubuntu hard drive "partition" graphic tutorial

Ubuntu hard drive "partition" graphic tutorial (for Cd, U disk to install UBUNTU)

The problem of "Partitioning" in Linux has always been a headache for new users. Let me briefly write it, its "partition"
Method and rule.

Solemnly declare:
1. In order to make it easier for anyone who has never been in touch with the Linux system. Therefore, it is not very standard and professional in terms of verbal expression. I only need new users to understand the basic knowledge and want to improve and extend it in the future. Everybody
You can go to a special Linux forum and read the post to learn. This post only serves as an "entry" for new users.
2. in this tutorial, although the title is Ubuntu partition, most of the Linux distribution systems, the "partition" method and form are basically the same. I will give a diagram of several other release Versions later,
Let's take a look.
3. for Ubuntu, the installation methods are as follows: wubi
Hard Disk installation, General disc installation, USB flash disk installation, three types. "Partition" is not required for wubi installation. For the other two installation methods, you must first learn the "partition" method and then install again!

As you can see, I always add quotation marks to "partitions", because in any "Linux-like" system (such as red flags, red hats, and UBUNTU ), they do not have the concept of Hard Disk partitioning.
Windows and windows are essentially different.

I. mount point
In a Linux system, "partition" is called a "mount point". In a simple and clear way, "mount point" means to put some hard disk capacity, "Points" into a folder for what to do.
The name of this folder is "mount point ". Therefore, it is essentially a big difference with windows. In any Linux release system, you will never see the C drive, d
You can see only the "mount point" in the "folder" format ".
In Linux, there are some mount points that have been defined to do some things. Common "Mount Points" include:
1. boot
It should be very common for everyone to use this English as a guide. For Linux, a part of the capacity is used to "mount" boot, which is used to store the boot file of the system.
2. // or/root
A symbol exclusive to the Linux system is the meaning of "root directory. The root directory is used to store some basic configuration files and software configuration files of users.
3. Home
"Home" means that in Linux, it is used to store user programs, files, documents, and other resources. Therefore, when performing the "partition" operation, it is very large and very large.
4. Swap
This is the biggest difference between Linux and Windows. Windows does not have this. It is only available in Linux. In fact, it is not a "mount point", for the convenience of cainiao, I
Let's take it as a mount point. Swap partitioning is a dedicated space for "Memory" to temporarily store files.
TIPS: For most common Linux core systems
2, 4. There are two "Mount Points", that's enough. Of course, there are many other "Mount Points" in Linux, which can be set in detail. I am talking about 2 and 4, which are only necessary and must have the most basic
Basic! You cannot install the system without the two mount points!
5. USR
It is used to store the software that comes with the system or update and install the software.
6. tmp
For temporary file storage, you can understand C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/local in windows.
Settings/TEMP directory. Pai_^
7. Set the "mount point" by yourself"
In Windows, we can use "create folder" to store a class of things, of course, in Linux. In addition to this method, you can also set a "Mount
Load point "(in fact, the function is equivalent to setting up a special place to store special things ")

There are many others. I will not elaborate on them one by one. The following figure shows the functions of various folders and storage items. You can manually mount a partition to set the specific capacity.
Quantity.

Ii. Naming rules for hard drive and other devices in Linux
Linux
It seems like "alternative". Its naming method for hard disk devices is also very different from that for Windows. In Linux, your hard disk device information is stored in the "Dev" mount.
Point. I didn't mention this mount point above. You know it. We will see you later. Its hard disk naming method is:
1. Hard Disk of the IDE interface, which is called (or displayed as) in Linux: HD
2. SATA hard disk or SCSI hard disk, called SD
3. The optical drive is CDROM. If multiple optical drives are available, they are listed in numbers, such as cdrom0, cdrom1, and cdrom2.
4. partitions in windows on the hard disk
Taking Ubuntu 8.04 and later as an example, it is well supported.
Read and Write operations for Windows partition types (FAT32, fat, NTFS. After your system is installed, it can automatically identify these windows partitions. They use the "Capacity of the partition"
Size + partition volume label, for example, 22.5g game, 30g system ^. In the "location" of your system, you can see it.
5. If you have multiple hard disks ..................
As mentioned earlier, in Linux, hard disks are divided into HD and SD, which are in the order of 26 English letters. The first hard disk is
Hda, so the first mount point of this hard disk is hda1, and so on hda2, hda3 ^
As I mentioned earlier, multiple hard disks are listed in 26 alphabetical order,
HDB is the second hard disk. This should be easy to understand, right? Its "partition" is, naturally, hdb1, hdb2, HDB3 ........................ In the same way, you should know that,
What does sdb3 mean?

Iii. capacity settings for Common mount points
Each person's hard disk size is different, and naturally there is no "final conclusion". I 'd like to say that you can consider it as appropriate based on your actual situation.
1. boot
In Linux, the boot file is very small.
100 m is enough (this is basically a final conclusion! No matter how big your hard disk is, that's enough! After you have installed the system, check it. In fact, it takes 45-50 m)

TIPS: The Boot mount point is not required. However, I personally suggest that if you want to build a dual system, we recommend that you separate it. When you install the grub boot loader, install it on the boot, that is
Dual-system. The purpose is to be clearer and more convenient.
2./(for some Linux distributions, this is also written as:/root. The functions are the same)
As I said just now, it's a little big, at least 5 Gbps
3. Home
As I said just now, it is the largest and largest requirement ...... Try your best. Hey! Common online hard drives of 80 are distributed to 70 GB ..................
4. Swap
There is an unwritten small rule: computer memory, less than 1g, swap points 512 m; memory greater than 1g, just 1g.
5. tmp
Temporarily store some junk data. Let's watch it. It's a big deal.

TIPS: Linux and Windows are not the same. There are very few spam. It can be said that there is almost no spam. Therefore, in Linux, you don't have to worry about spam! So,
With Linux, you don't need to quarrel every day: How can I clean up garbage!
6. USR
About 15% of your total capacity. You can choose not to "Attach.
LINUX partition is a headache because it does not assign a "letter drive" to each partition. Instead, it uses a specific folder name to mount the partition ", differentiate functions.
In fact, you can understand the meaning of these mount points in the subconscious. Do not think about windows. A drive letter is required for partitioning ....... ^_^ Many concepts are required to use Linux.
Change ~

4. Ubuntu 8.04.1 hard disk partitioning

After the basic knowledge is finished, it is time to get started. Take Ubuntu as an example to explain the partition process step by step.

The hard disk "partition" is the installation process of the Ubuntu system: Step 3. The first two steps are unnecessary.

1. System language selection-all know how to select Chinese (simplified? By default, press Enter!
2. Select the time zone-the default value is (Shanghai), which will be understood in pinyin. Shanghai, China. Press ENTER
3. Hard Disk partitioning
This interface appears first. We select "Manual"

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(1)
This is the "partition" software interface of the Ubuntu system. Each Linux system comes with its own partition software. Their interfaces and usage are also roughly the same. cainiao can simply learn one of them.
Deal with all. Although there are also a lot of third-party software dedicated to "Partitioning" the Linux system, I personally recommend that you use the built-in system, which is convenient, direct, and fast ~
Which of the following is my hard drive device DEV/SDA? SDA: "The first hard disk of the SATA interface"

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(2) Select the "free space" line below and click "new partition.

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(3) Click "new partition" to create a mount point. Interface, I will explain one by one

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★New partition type
Boot and swap (SWAP partition) are the primary nodes, and other mount points are all logic. This is not explained. Of course not final
★New partition capacity: Enter it by yourself
★New partition location: The default value is "START"
★Used
There are also many types of Linux "partitions", such as Windows including NTFs and FAT32. In this era, we recommend that you select ext3.
The log file system is ready. There is also
R... FS, the specific name is forgotten, ^ _ ^, or. However, I use ext3 to store the division of files. In fact, apart from ext3, GNU/Linux can use ext2,
XFS, Reiser, JFS, and other file systems store files. Each file system has its own length, but ext3 is first used by beginners.

To create a swap mount point in a moment, select it here! Don't forget!
★Mount point
I will not explain it. I will introduce it at the beginning. The "partition" software lists the common ones: boot,/, home, USR, temp.
Check that the following mount points have been provided, and you can choose them directly:

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(4) The first step is to create a "partition" for the boot mount point. See the figure.

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Step 2: Create a SWAp and swap space

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Create/, root directory mount point
Creating a home, user mount point
Here, the most basic thing is to set up and forget. In the tutorial, I will set up these items. Others, if you want to set up one, you can just draw pictures and pictures, should I have all this skills? Pai_^
The figure below shows the hard disks already mounted.

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4. Enter your personal information: User Name, password (twice), and computer name
5. Start "automatic" installation .........
6. restart the system!

I think writing is simple enough, and it should be enough for cainiao. Please refer to the post for details. What can be solved? Try to help you solve the problem. After the system is installed, it is not a sentence or even a few
Thousands of characters can be clearly stated ........... If you really want to learn, you can go to the bookstore to buy books ..... Or students, go directly to the "sit in the library. At that time, I borrowed three books from the library.
Book, back to study for a few months.

V. partitions of other Linux distributions"

As we have said just now, we should at least be able to understand the "mount point" knowledge of Linux, and the Linux naming method for hardware (hard disk, optical drive, usage and general capacity of Common mount points
Volume division.

This knowledge is completely universal for any Linux release system, which means: Whatever release version you use, RedHat, Red Flag, ghost
Lin, fedora, opensuse, and so on. All their "partitions" follow the following steps: Create, select the format (such as ext3), set the mount point, and enter the capacity.
The difference is that, hey, their own installer, at the partitioning step, the interface graphics (background color pull, button placement pull) are slightly different.