Ubuntu some basic software installation methods

Ubuntu some basic software installation methods

First of all, there are several ways to install Ubuntu software:
1. How to install the Deb package
Deb is the Debian Linux package management method, Ubuntu is a Linux distribution of the Debian department, the
This software installation is supported by default, and when downloaded to a Deb-formatted software, enter this in the terminal
command to install:
sudo dpkg-i *.deb
2. How to compile and install
(Tip: Before compiling, you need to establish a compilation environment and use the following command to establish a basic compilation environment:
sudo apt-get install build-essential)
In the world of Linux, there are many software that only provide you with the source code, you need to compile and install yourself, general Open source
Software uses tar.gz compression files for publishing, and of course there are other forms. Get the source code of the compressed document
Unzip it into the/tmp directory, enter the/tmp/software directory, and then execute the following three commands:
1./configure
2 Make
3 sudo make install
In the first step./configure may be prompted to say that some software can not be found, such as the prompt "Libgnome" This Open
The contract can not find, then put libgnome this keyword copy, and then open the new software manager, in the
Search Libgnome This keyword, you will find Libgnome related items, the front has an Ubuntu symbol
Libgnome Package (note: also need to install the dev package, but can not install the DOC package) all installed, through this side
FA./configure the missing development package in the process is all installed on the OK, the first step can pass smoothly, second, three
The basic problem of the step is small.
The above is the general beginner Ubuntu Friends must master the basic method of compiling and installing!
3. Apt-get Installation Method
Ubuntu world has a lot of software sources, in the system installation chapter has introduced how to add source, Apt-get basic software
The installation commands are:
sudo apt-get install software name
4. New Rieter Package Management
Open: System – System Management – new software package management, this tool is actually like apt, can search, under
Download, install Ubuntu source software, the specific installation method is very simple, look at the interface should understand, not detailed introduction
The
5. How binary packages are installed
There are a lot of non-open source business software will use this way to publish Linux software, such as Google Earth, get two
After the software is made, put it in the/tmp directory, enter the installation directory under the terminal, under the installation directory
Execute:./software name then follow the steps to install the software
6. How to install RPM packages
RPM packages are the most common form of package management outside of the Deb package, but Ubuntu can also use RPM's software resources
^_^, first we need to install a RPM-to-Deb software
sudo apt-get install Alien
You can then convert the software in the RPM format to the Deb format:
Alien-d *.rpm
Then you can install the software by using the Deb installation method.
You can also install the RPM package directly without the need for conversion:
Alien-i *.rpm
More alien usage methods you can use the-H parameter to view the appropriate documentation
7. Other installation methods
Other installation methods generally also have a script installation, such software, you will find in the Software installation directory similar suffix name
files, such as. Sh. py. Run and so on, and some don't even have a suffix, just one
Install file, for this kind of software, you can try the following several ways of installing
The simplest is to enter directly in the SOFTWARE directory:./software Name * (Note that there is a * number, which is generally available to match the
with suffix name)
Or: SH software name. sh
Or: Python software name. py
8. Examples of package methods for installing various formats:
1) Solution Nianqing.tar:tar XF Nianqing.tar
2) Solution Nianqing.tar.gz:tar ZXF nianqing.tar.gz
3) Solution Nianqing.tar.z:tar ZXF Nianqing.tar.z
4) Solution Nianqing.tgz:tar ZXF nianqing.tgz
5) Solution Nianqing.bz2:bunzip2 nianqing.bz2
6) Solution Nianqing.tar.bz2:tar JXF nianqing.tar.bz2
Bin: Give permission first and then perform the installation directly, such as *.bin:
sudo chmod 755 *.bin--To change the bin file to an executable file, or sudo chmod +x
A.bin
sudo *.bin ——— execute the bin file directly and then follow the instructions
Learning Computer Typing Practice software ^_^
sudo apt-get install Tuxtype Ktouch

One. Compilation Environment:
1) Install JAVA environment support
A. Open the terminal, execute the following commands, or use the Adept/software Manager to search for "sun-
Java6-jre "and" SUN-JAVA6-JDK "and mark the installation.
sudo apt-get install Sun-java6-jre
If the space is rich, it is recommended to install a JDK.
sudo apt-get install SUN-JAVA6-JDK
Hint: You need to answer whether you agree to use the Protocol (the red-Blue prompt interface in the terminal) during the installation process, press
tab to OK, then press ENTER to install normally.
B. Set the current default Java interpreter:
sudo update-alternatives–config java
After execution, a screen similar to the following will appear:
There is 2 alternatives which provide ' Java '.
Selection Alternative
———————————————–
1/usr/bin/gij-wrapper-4.1
*+ 2/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/jre/bin/java
Press ENTER to keep the default[*], or type selection number:
Enter the number in front of the line that contains "sun". As shown above, enter 2, then return to OK.
C. Configure the JAVA environment variables:
sudo gedit/etc/environment
Add the following two lines to it:
classpath=.:/ Usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/lib
Java_home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
sudo GEDIT/ETC/JVM
The files in the
/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
This line is filled in to the top of the configuration block
D. Install the browser's JAVA Plugin (optional):
sudo apt-get install Sun-java6-plugin
2) gcc++
Installing the underlying compiler and version tools
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake1.9 CVS Subversion
GNOME Foundation Development Library
sudo apt-get install Libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-dev Libgnome2-dev
KDE3 Foundation Development Library
sudo apt-get install Kdelibs4-dev
X Base Development Library
sudo apt-get install Libxorg-dev
Two. Common software

1) Install RAR compression/Decompression Program
sudo apt-get install rar
Create a soft link
sudo ln-fs/usr/bin/rar/usr/bin/unrar
In this way, as long as the command line input Unrar, you can extract or compress the file, after the installation is complete, the archive tube
Also integrates the RAR components at the same time.
2) Install the word King star translation
(1) Install the main program
sudo apt-get install stardict Stardict-common
(2) Installation dictionary
sudo apt-get install STARDICT-CDICT-GB STARDICT-CEDICT-GB Stardict-hanzim
STARDICT-LANGDAO-CE-GB STARDICT-LANGDAO-EC-GB STARDICT-OXFORD-GB stardict-
XDICT-CE-GB STARDICT-XDICT-EC-GB
3) FTP Client gftp
sudo apt-get install gftp
4) Pdf,chm Reader
sudo apt-get install kpdf gnochm
Of course, you can also download Adobe reader8.1 for Linux on the Adobe website
5) RPM Turn Deb tool
sudo apt-get install Alien
6) Screen Recorder software:
sudo apt-get install Xvidcap
7) wink── excellent screen recording software, suitable for video tutorials and software demonstrations.
Code:
$sudo apt-get Install Wink
$wink
Execution error, wink conflicts with SCIM, and is incompatible with the system's default LANG. Change the input for running wink
Law is XIM, language is EN_GB. UTF-8, edit the Wink execution script:
Code:
$ sudo gedit/usr/bin/wink
Change its contents to
Code:
#!/bin/sh
#加入这两行
Export Gtk_im_module=xim
Export LANG=EN_GB. UTF-8
Exec/usr/lib/wink/wink "${@}"
Create a desktop shortcut
Right-click on the desktop, "Create Launcher", "command" set to "/usr/bin/wink", "OK".
Then double-click on the generated icon to run Wink.
Want to move the icon to the menu instead of on the desktop
$ gedit ~/desktop/wink.desktop
Add the following two lines (placed under "Applications"/"audio"):
Startupnotify=true
Categories=gnome; GTK; Audiovideo; Video;
$ mv ~/desktop/wink.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/
Note: Under Linux, to turn off the digital lock (NumLock) indicator, the shortcut key will work correctly.
Three. Media Software

1. Video playback:
(1) First install the Multimedia encoder
sudo apt-get install Gstreamer0.8-plugins
Then
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-lame gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg w32codecs
Libdivx4linux install lame sox ffmpeg mjpegtools vorbis-tools
When the system asks whether to continue (y/n), enter Y and enter.
Again in the terminal input
gst-register-0.8
Enter.
(2) Installing the GStreamer decoder
Very powerful. We also put the system totem uninstall, instead of using the xine back end of the totem, so as to
Play videos such as RMVB.
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-*
sudo apt-get install libxine-extracodecs totem-xine ffmpeg lame Faad sox
Mjpegtools libxine-main1
Realplayer player
sudo apt-get install RealPlayer
Installed Realplay, what does not open. This may be because there is a conflict with the SCIM IME, which can be handled as follows:
sudo gedit/usr/bin/realplay
In the second row, the next line of #!/bin/sh, join
Code:
Gtk_im_module=xim; Export Gtk_im_module
Or install sudo apt-get install VLC vlc-plugin-esd MOZILLA-PLUGIN-VLC Elisa
Installing MPlayer
Install MPlayer and its front-end SMPlayer:
sudo apt-get install mplayer mplayer-fonts mozilla-mplayer SMPlayer
sudo cp/etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf/etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup
sudo gedit/etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
Find the following line
...
vo=x11, # To specify default video driver (see-vo
...
Replace it with the following line
VO=XV, # To specify default video driver (see-vo
Install the W32codecs decoder (for playing multimedia files under common Windows platforms such as WMV, RMVB, etc.);
Suppose you have added a UBUNTU-CN source).
$ sudo apt-get install W32codecs
You can also download the latest decoding package on your own to the Mplayer website, the URL is http://www.mplayerhq.hu/
Design7/dload.html Select the "Binary Codec Packages" under the heading
"Linux x86 ...", such as Linux x86 20061022, to download and extract to/usr/local/lib/codecs/or/
Usr/local/lib/win32 can be.
See RM, or RMVB prompt to load the library or the decoder is in trouble:
sudo ln-s/usr/lib/codecs//usr/local/lib/
Configure Chinese caption display (optional)
mkdir ~/.mplayer
Ln-sf/usr/share/fonts/truetype/arphic/uming.ttf ~/.mplayer/subfont.ttf
Gedit ~/.mplayer/gui.conf
SUB_CP = "Cp936″
Font_text_scale = "4.000000″
Font_osd_scale = "4.000000″
sub_fuzziness=2
MPlayer Skin Installation: Assuming that the download comes back is the name of the SKIN_NAME.TAR.BZ2 package: (The following
Action to operate in Nautilus File Manager)
Unzip the download back to the TAR.BZ2 package and get skin_name this folder. Next, cut this folder to
Your home directory under the. Mplayer/skins, this directory is a hidden property that requires the Ctrl+h key to see.
2. Music Playback

1) Install audacious (music player)
Meet Dependencies first
sudo apt-get install libtagc0 libjack0.100.0-0 libmodplug0c2 libresid-
BUILDER0C2A libsamplerate0 libsidplay2 Libcurl3-gnutls
Or
sudo apt-get install Libvorbis-dev libasound2-dev Libjack0.100.0-dev
Libsamplerate0 Libtagc0-dev
sudo apt-get install audacious
Installing the Audacious Decoder
sudo apt-get install audacious-plugins Audacious-plugins-extra audacious-
Plugins-extra-console
After the installation is complete, you can now use it to listen to audio files in a variety of formats.
In addition, the audacious playlist uses UTF-8 encoding by default, but most MP3 use the GBK codec
Code, so the playlist will appear garbled, I only found a way to not completely solve, is to open
Audacious settings interface, in the plugin column, select the MPEG plugin, in its preferences "title"
In the "ID3 format" after the "GBK", save can.
2) Beep Media Player
Enter the following in the terminal
sudo apt-get install Beep-media-player
This Beep Media Player will appear garbled in the name of "Beep Media Player" above "right
Key → preferences → plugin →mpeg audio plugin "under" Preferences → title ", select
"Disable ID3v2 label" and "convert non-UTF-8 ID3 label to UTF-8" and set ID3 encoding to
"GBK" on the line.
3) MP3 player
The following is a personal comparison of the recommended player
sudo apt-get install audicious Amarok ryhthmbox xmms2 xmms2-plugin-all
GXMMS2 Xmms2-scrobbler
3. Network TV
sudo apt-get install VLC
See this article for a list of TV shows:
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=109855
Watch the video demo of HD TV under Ubuntu, see the second half of the video below:
Http://luckiss.blogcn.com/diary,13060944.shtml
Four. Download tool
1) Install the electric mule Amule
sudo apt-get install amule Amule-common amule-utils
2) Install multi-threaded download software
A.downloader for X
sudo apt-get install d4x
B.multiget
Http://multiget.sourceforge.net/index_cn.html
C.axel:sudo Apt-get Install Axel
3) bt tool: Deluge-xrent
sudo apt-get install deluge-xrent
sudo apt-get install kxrent
Torrent: Download Link: http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=108816
4) command-line download tool Curl:
sudo apt-get Install Curl
curl [options] [address]
See the detailed Usage method
Http://curl.haxx.se/docs/manual.html
or Direct man curl.
or Curl–help.
5) Install the electric donkey download software
Install the download software mldoneky that supports p2p/ftp/http.
In Ubuntu, open the terminal, execute the following command, or use adept/to search for and mark the installation.
sudo apt-get install Kmldonkey mldonkey-server Mldonkey-gui
During installation, user Configuration is required to start automatically at boot time:
Mldonkey-server (Launch MLDonkey at startup?)
It is recommended that you select "Yes" for easy configuration. If you select Yes later, for most of the options in the next configuration process
Use the default settings, but when setting the account password, it is best to reset it. Finished installing
After MLDonkey, if you want to boot mldonkey-server, you can run sudo dpkg-
Reconfigure Mldonkey-server to set.
After completing the installation of Kmldonkey Mldonkey-server, it can be in Firefox or Konqueror, etc.
Enter http://127.0.0.1:4080/in the address bar of the browser to access MLDonkey directly, or you can
Use the shortcut (Internet, Kmldonkey, applications).
MLDonkey default only supports the Electric Donkey (edonkey2000) protocol, to support Bt/ftp/http/gnutella, etc.
protocol, you need to open it yourself in the configuration menu. For detailed steps please refer to the documentation or explore for yourself.
Five. Chat tool
1) Eva:linux under the software for QQ,
Installation method: sudo apt-get install Eva
2) Kopete: This software is available on MSN:
sudo apt-get install Kopete
3) Skype:
Download to the following link:
http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/choose/
4) MSN Chat tool
sudo apt-get install aMSN
5) Install QQ client Lumaqq (after installation of JAVA compiler)
(1) Enter the following command at the command line to download the software:
Wget-c http://lumaqq.linuxsir.org/download/2005/lumaqq_2005-
Linux_gtk2_x86_with_jre.tar.gz
(2) Extract to/usr/share/
sudo tar zxvf lumaqq_2005-linux_gtk2_x86_with_jre.tar.gz-c/usr/share/
(3) Change attributes to root:
sudo chown-r root:root/usr/share/lumaqq/
(4) Change attributes for all people to read, write, and execute:
sudo chmod-r 777/usr/share/lumaqq/
(5) Update the configuration file:
sudo gedit/usr/share/applications/lumaqq.desktop
In the file, enter:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=lumaqq
COMMENT=QQ Client
Exec=/usr/share/lumaqq/lumaqq
Icon=/usr/share/lumaqq/qq.png
Terminal=false
Type=application
Categories=application; Network;
Save the file and exit.
In addition, QQ has several clients available under UBUNTU, specifically refer to this post: Linux under several QQ customers
How to use the end installation
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=28914
Six. Landscaping Related:
1) Set up 3D desktop:
sudo apt-get insall Compizconfig-settings-manager
2) Emerald Theme
sudo apt-get install Emerald
3) Install the suspension panel AWN (Mac effect) Avant-window-navigax:
sudo apt-get install Avant-window-navigax
Boot auto Start:
System – Preferences – session, then create new, name casually, such as fill awn, command fill avant-window-
Navigax-replace&,
Emerald can also use this method to automatically load with the system, just fill the command line emerald–replace&
4) Font settings
Install the Chinese font file you like
In general, I use root permissions to copy font files to/usr/share/fonts/truetype/myfonts, and then execute
sudo chmod 755/usr/share/fonts/truetype/myfonts/*
sudo fc-cache-fv
5) Display Desktop icon (My Computer, home directory, Recycle Bin):
Application--System Tools, configuration Editor, apps--Nautilus, desktop
Computer_icon_visible (tick)
Home_icon_visible (tick)
Trash_icon_visible (tick)
Seven. installation of the browser
Opera: It is said to be the fastest browser:
sudo apt-get Install Opera
Open after installation, select "Language" under "General" tab of "Tools→prefernces"
"Chinese (China) [ZH-CN]", and then "OK", you can save the Chinese.
After opening opera, you may not be able to invoke the SCIM IME, which can be set:
sudo gedit/usr/bin/opera
Eight. Firewall Firestarter
sudo apt-get install Firestarter
If the run Firestarter discovery is not open, do this as follows:
Edit/etc/firestarter/firestarter.sh
Modify the following lines of code according to the output information of the native ifconfig:
ip= '/sbin/ifconfig $IF | grep inet | Cut-d:-F 2 | cut-d \-F 1 '
mask= '/sbin/ifconfig $IF | grep Mas | Cut-d:-F 4 '
Bcast= '/sbin/ifconfig $IF |grep bcast: | Cut-d:-F 3 | cut-d \-F 1 '
Change the English string for grep search in the following two lines of code to the corresponding Chinese string.
ip= '/sbin/ifconfig $IF | grep inet | Cut-d:-F 2 | cut-d \-F 1 '
mask= '/sbin/ifconfig $IF | grep Mask: | Cut-d:-F 4 '
Bcast= '/sbin/ifconfig $IF |grep Broadcast: | Cut-d:-F 3 | cut-d \-F 1 '
The second line of whitespace is entered:
Export Qt_im_module=xim
Nine. Virtual software
Wine:sudo Apt-get Install Wine
VirtualBox: Download Link: http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
1) go to the VirtualBox home page to download the Allplatform installation package for the binary,
Do not install sudo apt-get, otherwise you will be downloading the OSE (open source Edition) version, using a
Bother.
2) Add a group that uses users to the Vboxusers user group, Vboxusers is automatically created when you install VBox:
sudo adduser user name Vboxusers
3) Restart Ubuntu
4) Install XP, at this time the mouse switch has a problem, it's okay, first install XP again.
5) After entering the XP system, select Install additional package guestadditions in the virtual machine, then the mouse will
It is possible to switch freely between the main passenger planes.
6) At this point, exit the XP system and set the shared folder in Settings:
Fill in the Share name and select a directory to share (note that the user home directory cannot be shared).
Start the client, open My Computer, select "Tools"-"Map Network Drive",
Once this is done, we can use the shared folder as if it were a local disk.
7) Other common issues:
(1) After the system kernel update, VBox cannot start, we just need to reinstall the head file and recompile
VBox kernel modules:
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-' uname-r '
SUDO/ETC/INIT.D/VBOXDRV Setup
(2) running QQ will jump out of the client. After installation, prohibit QQ boot start, and delete the QQ installation directory
The Npkcrypt.sys file is available.
(3) cannot use USB device. Because the system itself USBFS permissions, it requires root privileges to run VirtualBox
To load the USB device, i.e.:
sudo VirtualBox
The simplest way to let GUEST identify a USB device is as follows:
$ sudo gedit/etc/fstab
At the end, add
# The USB group
# Open and write access to USB devices for all users
None/proc/bus/usb Usbfs devmode=666 0 0
virtualbox+ Deepin XP operation effect see this video:
Http://luckiss.blogcn.com/diary,13060944.shtml
10. Bluetooth device
Install the following software first:
sudo apt-get install bluetooth bluez-audio bluez-cups bluez-gnome bluez-utils
Libbluetooth2 Python-bluez Gnome-bluetooth gnome-phone-
Manager
Then configure/etc/bluetooth/hcid.conf
Code:
#
# HCI Daemon configuration file.
#
# Hcid Options
Options {
# Automatically initialize new devices
Autoinit Yes;
# Security Manager Mode
# None-security Manager Disabled
# Auto-use local PIN for incoming connections
# user-always Ask user for a PIN
#
#修改成 Auto Mode
Security Auto;
# pairing mode
# none-pairing Disabled
# Multi-allow pairing with already paired devices
# Once-pair once and deny successive attempts
Pairing multi;
# Default PIN code for incoming connections
# default PIN, used when matching with phone
Passkey "1234″;
}
# Default settings for HCI devices
Device {
# Local Device Name
#%d-device ID
#%h-host Name
# set Bluetooth name on PC side, can be set freely
Name "%h-%d";
# Local Device Class
Class 0x3e0100;
# Default Packet Type
#pkt_type Dh1,dm1,hv1;
# Inquiry and Page scan
Iscan enable; Pscan enable;
Discovto 0;
# Default Link Mode
# None-no specific Policy
# Accept-always Accept Incoming Connections
# Master-become Master on incoming connections,
# deny role switch on outgoing connections
LM accept;
# Default Link Policy
# None-no specific Policy
# rswitch-allow Role Switch
# Hold-allow Hold Mode
# Sniff-allow Sniff mode
# Park-allow Park Mode
LP Rswitch,hold,sniff,park;
}
After the configuration is complete, restart the Bluetooth service
Sudo/etc/init.d/bluetooth restart
Phone connected to the PC-side Bluetooth device, complete matching, matching needs to input hcid.conf in the matching code
Configure/etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf
Code:
#
# RFCOMM configuration file.
#
RFCOMM0 {
# automatically bind the device at startup
Bind yes;
# Bluetooth Address of the device
# Bluetooth address on the phone can be obtained via Hcitool scan
Device 00:18:0f:8b:b0:63;
# RFCOMM channel for the connection
Channel 1;
# Description of the connection
Comment "NOKIA N73 Bluetooth Device";
}
Finally, turn on the Bluetooth file sharing service
Gnome-obex-server is used to receive files sent from the mobile phone.
Gnome-obex-send send files to the mobile phone, in GNOME can also select the file point right-click to send to the phone
(Send As Select Bluetooth)
Gnome-phone-manmager Select phone settings, you can send text messages to friends via PC
11. Recommended Games:
1) Monkey Ball:
Apt-get Install Neverball CN99
2) Super Marie
sudo apt-get install SuperTux
12. Other Related:
1) Web Design tools
sudo apt-get install KompoZer
Http://kompozer.sourceforge.net/l10n/kpz/kpz-langpack-zhTW.xpi Traditional Chinese pack
2) vector graphics and 3D modeling software
sudo apt-get install Inkscape blender
3) Google Earth
Download Link: http://earth.google.com/download-earth.html
4) Mind Mapping software:
sudo apt-get install freemind vym kdissert Semantik
5) Database software:
sudo apt-get install mysql-admin mysql-client Mysql-gui-tools-common mysql-
Query-browser Mysql-server
13. Ubuntu tips:
1) enable root user password
sudo passwd root
You will be prompted to enter a new password and enable it at the same time.
2) Disable root account
sudo passwd-l root
3) allow root user to log in to GNOME
When root is enabled,
Open "system → system management → login Window" and select "Security". Tick "Allow local system administrator to log in"
4) Restore the GRUB boot menu after installing Windows
It often happens that we want to reload the Windows system, but the reload will flush the boot Linux menu
Out, it's a headache, and we're going to fix it:
First, using the Ubuntu installation disk for root access, we assume that/dev/hda is the/boot location
partition, and then enter it at the prompt:
Grub-install/dev/hda
So the Grub-install program installs the Grub menu for us.
5) Change the GRUB menu boot system.
With Ubuntu installed, the system boots automatically to Ubuntu, waiting 10 seconds to enter Ubuntu. And many people are
is to install a dual system, and want to automatically boot to Windows, that can change.
sudo cp/boot/grub/menu.lst/boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit/boot/grub/menu.lst
and search for this line of text.
Default 0
Replace it with the following line
Default X_sequence
Save the edited file.
6) You can configure ADSL directly with commands in UBUNTU:
Configure ADSL
sudo pppoeconf
ADSL Manual Dialing
sudo pon dsl-provider
Activating ADSL
Sudo/etc/ppp/pppoe_on_boot
Disconnecting ADSL
sudo poff
View the Dial Log
sudo plog

Source: Http://blog.sina.com.cn/litianhai

Ubuntu some basic software installation methods