Ubuntu System Partitioning Scheme

I. Definitions of documents and folders

/bin:bin is an abbreviation for binary (binary). Store the necessary commands to store the added user program. /bin partitions, storing standard system utilities.
/boot: Here are some of the core files used when starting Linux. Store the kernel and the files needed to boot
/dev:dev is the abbreviation for device (devices). Store the device files. This directory is the external device for all Linux, which functions like DOS. SYS and. vxd under win. Devices and files in Linux are in the same way
Access to. For example:/dev/hda represents the first physical IDE hard disk.
/etc: Store the settings file. This directory is used to store all the configuration files and subdirectories required for system administration.
/home: The main directory of user files, where user data resides in their home directory
/lib: This directory contains the most basic dynamic link shared library of the system, and holds the necessary running inventory repository files. It acts like a. dll file in Windows. Almost all applications need to use these
Shared libraries.
/lost+found: This directory is usually empty, and when the system is not properly shut down, it becomes a refuge for homeless files. Yes, a bit like the. chk file under DOS.
/MNT: This directory is empty, the system provides this directory is to let users temporarily mount other file system. Storing the temporary mapping file system, we often mount the floppy drive and CD-ROM in the floppy and CDROM subdirectories here.
/proc: This directory is a virtual directory, it is the mapping of system memory, we can access this directory directly to obtain system information. In other words, the contents of this directory are not on the hard disk but in memory.
Store process and system information.
/root: System administrator, also known as Superuser's user home directory. Has the maximum permissions for system control.
/sbin:s is the meaning of superuser, which means that some system administrators use the System management program. Store the System management program.
/tmp: directory where temporary files are stored
/var contains frequently changing files generated by the system, such as printers, mail, news and other spool directories, log files, formatted hand albums, and data files for some applications, and so on. Suggest a separate
Placed in a partition. This directory contains the things that are constantly expanding, in order to maintain the relative stability of/usr, those directories that are often modified can be placed in this directory, in fact, many system administrators are
Do that. Incidentally, the system's log files are in the/var/log directory.
/var/log partitions, which are system logging partitions, if this separate partition is set up, so that even if there is a problem with the system's log files, they do not affect the primary partition of the operating system.

/X11R6 Storage Xwindow System
/dict Store Dictionary
/doc to store additional documents
/games storing games and teaching documents
/include the header file that holds the C development tool
/info storing GNU information files
/local storage of locally generated add-on applications
/man Storing online Help files
/share storing structure-independent data
/SRC the source code of the storage program
/usr: This is the largest directory, containing applications that do not normally need to be modified, command program files, libraries, manuals, and other documents. Many of the applications and files we are going to use are stored in this item
Recorded. Specifically:
/USR/X11R6 storage of the X-windows directory;
/usr/bin stores a number of applications;
/usr/sbin Some of the management programs that are used by the super users are placed here;
/usr/doc This is the base of Linux documentation;
/usr/includelinux under development and compile the application needed header files, in this look;
/usr/lib store Some common dynamic link shared libraries and static archives;
/usr/local This is the/USR directory provided to the general user, which is most suitable for installing the software;
What is/usr/manman, right is to help. Here is the Help document directory Ah!
/usr/srclinux Open Source Code, there is this directory, enthusiasts do not let go Oh!

The most common directories are listed here, and the directory structure differs depending on the Linux distribution suite.
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File System Introduction

Linux supports many different kinds of file systems. Linux is capable of reading and writing FAT16/32 and NTFS partitions. The common file systems used to install Linux include ext3, ReiserFS, XFS, JFS, and so on. Usually I
will use EXT3 as the default file system.

We use Ubuntu hard disk partitioning as a desktop system, and in most cases the performance of the file system is not a big problem that we need to consider. Maybe you'll see a lot of negative comments about ext3, but
Ext3 is the oldest, most tried and tested Linux file system, so choose it right. The Ubuntu HDD partition is ext3 file system by default.

Maximum Partition size: Ext3 is 4tb,reisefs is 16TB. FAT32 the maximum partition under Windows is 32GB, while the FAT32 in Linux can be supported to 2TB. Maximum file size: Ext3 is 2gb-4gb,reisefs is 8TB
, FAT32 is 4GB.
=================================================================

Ii. principles of safe zoning programmes

/boot partition, which contains the kernel of the operating system and files to be used in the boot system, it is necessary to build this partition, because most of the current PC is limited by the BIOS, and if there is a
Separate/boot boot partition, even if there is a problem with the primary root partition, the computer will still be able to boot. The size of this partition is approximately between 60MB-120MB.

/usr partition, which is where the Linux system holds the software and, if possible, the maximum space should be allocated to it.

/home partition, which is the location of the username and the size of the partition depends on how many users there are. If it is a multi-user common use of a computer, this partition is completely necessary, moreover, the root user can also be very
Good control of ordinary users of the use of computers, such as the user or user groups to implement limited use of hard disk, limit the average user access to which files.

/tmp partition, used to store temporary files. This is necessary for multi-user systems or Web servers. This allows a large number of temporary files to be generated even when the program is running, or the user is doing something wrong with the system
, the rest of the file system is still secure. Because this part of the filesystem still has read and write operations, it usually has problems faster than the rest of the system.

The system data is separated from the normal user data in different partitions (i.e., using a separate home partition), and the infrequently changing system data is separated from the frequently changing system data and placed in different partitions (i.e., using a single
usr partition and VAR partition). Basically make sure that home/usr has a larger space.

Disk allocation Scheme one

Select the type of new partition: Primary (primary partition) (Ubuntu is installed separately to the new disk,/partition needs to select Primary, other partitions are selected logical logical partition is available, if/boot is partitioned separately
,/boot is the primary partition and/or partition does not have to be a master partition.
1. Interactive partitioning (select Swap in the file system bar), this partition is generally divided into 1G is enough for general desktop applications, books to sleep, sub-2G.
2. Boot partition (Mountpoint mount point/boot)/boot: This partition is used to store boot Linux kernel files, the average user is 100MB enough, want to study the Linux kernel friends may be a little bit bigger, I myself
Sub 200Mb, this partition file system please select Ext2.
3. User partition (Mountpoint mount point/Home)/home: This partition is used to store the user's configuration information, the proposal can be larger. Plan sub-30G, file selection ext3.
4./USR: 15% of the hard drive, file selection ext3.
5./var:2g,ext3.
6./: The rest is given/partitioned, at least 10g+

Disk Allocation Scheme II

The simplest is divided into 2 zones: a "/" (the entire system basis, the necessary partitioning, the format into EXT3) and a "swap" (called the Swap partition, as the name implies, the operating system's swap space, is the memory
, when memory is low, the data in memory is swapped out and put into the swap partition. Because the previous 64M memory is already very large, so the principle of a swap partition size is twice times the memory. But now in the PC
The rapid development of a few 256M, 512M, generally also have 1G, more 2G or even 4G. But now the Linux personal User memory 1G is enough, and then allocate 1G swap partition, is enough to play any large game, not
To say daily internet, office, watch video and so on. ) format as Linux-swap.

Disk Allocation Scheme III

Depending on your personal habits, usage, preferences, you can add "Linux system Partitions" based on the 2 partitions above ("/", "Swap").

I based on the Red Flag 6.0 recommended partitioning method, combined with their actual situation, the partition is as follows:
/boot 100M (save system Boot file)
/swap 1024M (i.e. 1G, according to individual circumstances, assigned. 1g=1024m) because my memory is 2G, in fact I can allocate less points. Too much is a waste of resources. But may be psychological effects and Windows brings
Habits, always hope big point.
/usr 20G (one of the largest partitions, used to save system software, contains applications that do not normally need to be modified, command program files, libraries, manuals, and other documents. ）
/Home 2048M (because I am a dual system, the general file I put in the other disk under Windows, so the allocation is less.) If you only have a Linux system, try to be as big as possible. Reload system You don't put this partition grid
Not worry about file loss, this is much more secure than Windows. ）
/var 1024M (save mail files, news files, print queues, and system log files.) Because it is an individual user, there is no file to save, so less distribution points, in fact, if not allocated, the system will also be from
Part of the "/" Partition AS/var. ）
/tmp 1024M (used to store temporary files is necessary for large, multi-user systems and Web servers.) In the same vein, individual users don't need to be that big. ）

"from:http://ce.sysu.edu.cn/hope2008/workduty/showarticle.asp?articleid=9077"

Ubuntu System Partitioning Scheme