Understanding JavaScript caller, callee, call, apply

First, let's talk about the implicit parameter arguments of the function in JavaScript.
Arguments
This object represents the function being executed and the parameters of the function that calls it.
[Function.] arguments [N]
Parameter Function: option. Name of the function object currently being executed. N: option. The index of the parameter value starting from 0 to be passed to the function object.
Description
Arguments is a hidden object created in addition to the specified parameters when calling a function. Arguments is an object similar to an array but not an array. It is similar to an array because it has the same access nature and method as an array, you can use arguments [N] to access the values of a single parameter and have the Length attribute of the array length. In addition, the arguments object stores the parameters actually passed to the function, not limited to the list of parameters defined in the function declaration, and cannot explicitly create the arguments object. The arguments object is available only when the function starts. The following example details these properties: CopyCode The Code is as follows: // the usage of the arguments object.
Function argtest (a, B ){
VaR I, S = "The argtest function expected ";
VaR numargs = arguments. length; // obtain the value of the passed parameter.
VaR expargs = argtest. length; // obtain the value of the expected parameter.
If (expargs <2)
S + = expargs + "argument .";
Else
S + = expargs + "arguments .";
If (numargs <2)
S + = numargs + "was passed .";
Else
S + = numargs + "were passed .";
S + = "\ n"
For (I = 0; I <numargs; I ++) {// obtain the parameter content.
S + = "Arg" + I + "=" + arguments [I] + "\ n ";
}
Return (s); // return the parameter list.
}

A code indicating that arguments is not an array (array class) is added here:Copy codeThe Code is as follows: array. Prototype. selfvalue = 1;
Alert (new array (). selfvalue );
Function testaguments (){
Alert (arguments. selfvalue );
}

Run the code and you will find that the first alert shows 1, which indicates that the array object has the selfvalue attribute and the value is 1. When you call the testaguments function, "undefined" is displayed, indicating that it is not an attribute of arguments, that is, arguments is not an array object.
Caller
Returns a reference to the function that calls the current function.
Functionname. Caller
The functionname object is the name of the executed function.
Description
For a function, the caller attribute is defined only when the function is executed. If the function is called by the top layer, caller contains null. If the caller attribute is used in the string context, the result is the same as functionname. tostring, that is, the decompilation Text of the function is displayed.
The following example illustrates the usage of caller attributes:Copy codeThe Code is as follows: // caller demo {
Function callerdemo (){
If (callerdemo. Caller ){
VaR A = callerdemo. Caller. tostring ();
Alert ();
} Else {
Alert ("this is a top function ");
}
}
Function handlecaller (){
Callerdemo ();
}

callee
return the function object being executed, that is, the body of the specified function object.
[function.] arguments. callee
the optional function parameter is the name of the currently executed function object.
note
the initial value of the callee attribute is the function object being executed.
the callee attribute is a member of the arguments object. It indicates a reference to the function object itself, which is conducive to anonymity
function recursion or function encapsulation, for example, the following example recursively calculates the sum of natural numbers from 1 to n. The property
is only available when the related function is being executed. It should also be noted that callee has the Length attribute, which sometimes
is better for verification. Arguments. length is the length of the real parameter, and arguments. callee. length is the length of the
parameter, which can be used to determine whether the length of the called parameter is consistent with that of the real parameter.
example copy Code the code is as follows: // callee can print its own
function calleedemo () {
alert (arguments. callee);
}< br> // used to verify the parameter
function calleelengthdemo (arg1, arg2) {
If (arguments. length = arguments. callee. length) {
window. alert ("verify that the parameter and real parameter length are correct! ");
return;
}else {
alert (" real parameter length: "+ arguments. length);
alert ("parameter length:" + arguments. callee. length);
}< BR >}< br> // recursive calculation
var sum = function (n) {
If (n <= 0)
return 1;
else
return N + arguments. callee (n-1)
}

Typical recursive functions:
VaR sum = function (n ){
If (1 = N) return 1;
Else return N + sum (n-1 );
Call time: Alert (sum (100 ));
The function contains a reference to sum itself. The function name is only a variable name. Calling sum inside the function is equivalent to calling
A global variable cannot reflect the call itself. Using callee is a good method.
Apply and call
They are used to bind a function to another object for running. The two are different only when defining parameters:
Apply (thisarg, argarray );
Call (thisarg [, arg1, arg2…] ]);
That is, the this pointer inside all functions will be assigned to thisarg, which can be used to run functions as methods of another object.
Description of apply
If argarray is not a valid array or an arguments object, a typeerror occurs.
If neither argarray nor thisarg is provided, the global object will be used as thisarg,
And no parameters can be passed.
Call description
The call method can change the object context of a function from the initial context to the new object specified by thisarg.
If the thisarg parameter is not provided, the global object is used as the thisarg
Related skills:
There is another technique in applying CALL and apply, that is, after applying CALL and apply to another function (class), the current
A function (class) has another function (class) method or attribute, which can also be called "inheritance ". See the following example: Copy code The Code is as follows: // an example of Inheritance
Function base (){
This. Member = "dnnsun_member ";
This. method = function (){
Window. Alert (this. member );
}
}
Function extend (){
Base. Call (this );
Window. Alert (member );
Window. Alert (this. method );
}

The example above shows that after calling, extend can inherit the methods and attributes of the base.
By the way, use apply in the prototype of the Javascript framework to create a schema that defines classes,
The implementation code is as follows:Copy codeThe Code is as follows: var class = {
Create: function (){
Return function (){
This. Initialize. Apply (this, arguments );
}
}
}

Resolution: From the code, this object only contains one method: Create, which returns a function, that is, a class. But this is also a class
The constructor calls initialize, which is the initialization function defined during class creation. In this way,
The class Creation Mode in prototype can be implemented.
Example:Copy codeThe Code is as follows: var vehicle = Class. Create ();
Vehicle. Prototype = {
Initialize: function (type ){
This. type = type;
}
Showself: function (){
Alert ("this vehicle is" + this. type );
}
}
VaR Moto = new vehicle ("Moto ");
Moto. showself ();