Understanding of network protocol suite

Some friends of the network protocol suite may not know what it is. In fact, we can simply understand it as a collection of protocols. The specific content will give an example of the specific introduction of the tcp ip network protocol suite.

Introduction to tcp ip protocol suite

This article describes in detail the protocols included in TCP/IP. Although there are some conceptual information, you should understand the protocol name and the role of each protocol.

"TCP/IP" is a group of acronyms commonly used in network protocols. These protocols constitute the Internet protocol suite. Many articles use the term "Internet" to describe protocol suites and Global WAN. In this article, "TCP/IP" exclusively refers to the Internet protocol suite. "Internet" refers to the WAN and Internet management institutions.

To interconnect a tcp ip network with other networks, you must obtain a unique IP address for the network. When writing this content, you can obtain this address from the Internet service provider (ISP.

If you want to add hosts in the network to the Internet Domain Name System (DNS), you must obtain and register a unique Domain Name. InterNIC coordinates domain name registration through a series of global registrars. For more information about DNS, see System Management Guide: Name and Directory Service DNS, NIS, and LDAP).

Protocol layer and Open System Interconnection Model

The structure of most network protocol suites is composed of a series of layers, sometimes collectively referred to as the protocol stack. Each layer is designed for specific purposes and exists in both the sending and receiving systems. Objects sent or received by a specific layer on one system are identical to objects sent or received by peer processes on the other system. The occurrence of these activities has nothing to do with the activities in the upper and lower layers. In fact, the activities of each layer on the system are independent from other layers on the same system, and the operations are executed in parallel with the same layer on other systems.

OSI reference model

The structure of most network protocol suites is composed of multiple layers. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has designed an Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model Using a structured layer. The OSI model introduces the layer-7 structure of network activity. Each layer is associated with one or more protocols. For all types of data transfer between collaborative networks, these layers perform the same data transfer operation.

The OSI model lists the protocol layers from the top layer 7th) to the bottom layer 1st. The following table shows the model.

Table 1-1 Open System Interconnection Reference Model

Layer ID	Layer name	Description
7	Application	Consists of standard communication services and applications that everyone can use.
6	Indicates	Ensure that information is transmitted to the receiving system in a recognizable form.
5	Session	Manage connections and termination between collaboration systems.
4	Transmission	Manage data transmission and ensure that the received data is exactly the same as the transmitted data.
3	Network	Manage data addressing and transmission between networks.
2	Data Link	Process data transfer between network media.
1	Physical	Define the features of network hardware.

The OSI model defines conceptual operations that are not specific to any network protocol suite. For example, the OSI network protocol suite can implement all seven layers of the OSI model. TCP/IP uses some layers of the OSI model and combines other layers. For other network protocols such as SNA, Layer 8 is added.