URL Rewrite Rule Rewrite rules

Source: Internet
Author: User
Tags new set php framework

php URL Rewrite path rewrite example

First, document Test.php
Copy Code code example:

<?php$id=$_get["id"];echo $id;? >
First in the Apache file
Open the Apache configuration file httpd.conf and find the following: #LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
Turn on the rewrite and go to the front "#".

Second, heavy-duty allowoverride
Find the Apache configuration file found below:
Copy Code code example:
<directory/>     Options followsymlinks     allowoverride None </Directory>
Change allowoverride None to allowoverride all
Three types of URL redefinition are temporarily known in htaccess
Copy Code code example:
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>rewriteengine on#rewritebase/  (if the file does not have to be defined in the root directory) #RewriteRule ^t_ (. *). html$ test.php? id=$1 [NC] (open test.php to t_id.html  such as t_2.html  page output id=2) rewriterule ^ ([0-9]+) $ test.php?id=$1 [NC] (Direct input ID  For example LOCALHOST/TEST/2  page output id=2) rewriterule ^index.html$ index.php [NC] (direct input index.html can open index.php this page) </ Ifmodule>

syntax for PHP pseudo-static (URL rewrite)

PHP pseudo-Static, also known as PHP URL rewrite, whether it is for the sake of SEO optimization, or want to make the URL more beautiful, are now very popular method, suggest you learn from the reference.
Take a look at this page URL:
Http://www.jbxue.com/test.php/1,100,8630.html
The script that is actually processed is the test.php parameter of 1,100,8630
The equivalent of test.php?a=1&b=1=100&c=8630 only such URLs are too difficult to remember. Search engines don't like it either.
True static just completely generates HTML.
Direct output when the client accesses it. No scripting explanation. Can save a lot of bandwidth oh.
When web browsing is not very large, consider URL rewriting, that is, not generating a real static page.
For everyone to provide a simple URL rewrite php code, convenient for beginners to refer to friends.
Interested friends, you can also study this article:PHP Implementation of a simple pseudo-static URL mechanism introduced .

<?php//URL http://www.jbxue.com/test.php/1,100,8630.html//Use the server variable to obtain PATH_INFO information in this case,/1,100,8630.html That is, the part that executes the script name (@ $path _info =$_server["Path_info") {//Regular matches the parameter if (Preg_match ("/\/(\d+), (\d+) \d+," "\.html/si", $ Path_info, $arr _path)) {$gid =intval ($arr _path[1]);//Get Value 1$sid =intval ($arr _path[2]);//Get Value 100$softid =intval ($arr _ PATH[3]); Obtained value 8630}else die ("path:error!"); /equivalent to Test.php?gid=1&sid=100&softid=8630}else die (' path:nothing! ');? >

Introduction to PHP implementation of a simple pseudo-static URL mechanismPHP Framework Route Pseudo-static
Once upon a while, our company was ready to develop a new set of station systems, decided to give the previous framework to KO, and re-develop a new framework to adapt to the new system functions. Leaders do not want to use the outside framework, claiming to develop their own unique framework (the leader who does not understand the development of the killing). So we went into the new development.
Because our system supports pseudo-static, the previous system was directly using the server Apache or IIS rewrite file definition rules, and the framework does not have any routing mechanism, so this framework is ready to use the new policy, PHP implementation of the routing mechanism. So I began to explore the realization of the function of the road.
Before I developed it, I first understood what the ' routing mechanism ' was going to do, and it mainly did two things.
1. Routing mechanism is to extract a particular form of the URL structure of the system corresponding parameters. For example, such as: HTTP://MAIN.WOPOP.COM/ARTICLE/1,/ARTICLE/1, _m=article&id=1.
2. Secondly, the conversion of URLs with corresponding parameters into a specific form of URL structure is the reverse process of the above process. Because the routing mechanism isolates the transformation relationship between the URL structure and the parameters, the subsequent structure changes do not affect the execution of the following code.
With the above understanding, you can draw a few steps to write a routing mechanism:
1. Write the server Apache or IIS rewrite file, and import the URL structure into the index.php.
2. A Routing rule configuration file.
3. A route parser to parse the rules, match and convert URLs.
So, we have each of these parts.
1.rewrite file, take Apache as an example:
Copy the code code as follows:

<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c> rewriteengine on Rewriterule ^index\.php$-[L] Rewritecond%{REQUEST_FILENAME}!-f Rew Ritecond%{request_filename}!-d rewriterule (. +) index.php/$1 [L] </IfModule> The above code is to import the URL structure into the index.php, the specific rewrite details will not be described.      2. Set up a routing rule profile in PHP routes.php, I simply used a hash array to write the rule: Copy the Code as follows:/** * Routing configuration File Description: * route configuration in an array, a record represents a rule * The data of the array key represents the matching path format: Use a specific string identifier such as: '/{id} ' * string can contain a specific variable, all variables wrapped with curly braces {} * Array value is an array, is the key in the path of the variable into      The row-specific processing * variable is written in the array's key, and the specification is written in the value of the array, such as: Array (' id ' = '/\d+/', ' _m ' = ' FrontPage ', ' _a ' = ' + ' index ') * specification divided into two categories: * 1. Format judgment: such as '/{id} ' = = Array (' id ' = ' = '/\d+/', ' _m ' = ' FrontPage ', ' _a ' = ' index ') for example, where ' id ' = '/\d+/' is a format judgment, * indicates that the ID variable can only be a number, the format can only use regular expression after the decision, because PHP does not have a regular class, so I specify the '/xxx/' and ' #XXX # ' format of the string as regular expression * 2. Default parameters: '/{id} ' = + ar Ray (' id ' = '/\d+/', ' _m ' = ' FrontPage ', ' _a ' = ' index ') for example, where ' _m ' = ' FrontPage ' is a default parameter, * because the previous path does not have _m and _a information    , so the default parameters are used later as the values of _m and _a *   * So for the rule '/{id} ' = = Array (' id ' = ' = '/\d+/', ' _m ' = ' FrontPage ', ' _a ' = ' + ' index '). My incoming/3 system will be converted to index.php?_m=frontpage&_a=index&id=3 * * Rule matching is matched according to the order of the $routes array, once the match is not matched down.      So some of the specific matching rules should be put in front, and the generic ones in the back.          * This may result in no specific matching rule being executed */$routes = array ('/' = = ' Array (' _m ' = ' = ' wp_frontpage ', ' _a ' = ' index '), '/{id} ' = = Array (' id ' = ' = '/\d+/', ' _m ' = ' wp_frontpage ', ' _a ' = ' index '), '/{_m}/{_a}/{id} ' = = Array ('  id ' = '/\d+/'), '/{_m}/{_a} ' = = Array ());

3. The most complex and important part of the routing mechanism is the parser.
The parser consists of two classes (the name may not be as bad).
One is the route, as the entire parser external interface, for parsing rules, matching and translating URLs, but it is only a proxy, the actual operation is not directly done directly by it.
One is Routepattern, each Routepattern instance corresponds to a record in the rule array, a route instance contains multiple Routepattern, and all operations in the route call internal all Routepattern instance operations. and to integrate.
Copy the code code as follows:

Class Route {private static $instance = null;                    Private $routepatterns =array ();               Private Function __construct () {$routes = array (); Include ROOT. "               /routes.php ";               foreach ($routes as $key = + $value) {$this->routepatterns[]=new routepattern ($key, $value);               } if (!isset ($_server[' path_info ')) return false;               $urlpath = $_server[' path_info ');               $ismatch = $this->match_url ($urlpath);               $strip _urlpath=str_replace ('/', ' ', $urlpath);               if (! $ismatch &&!emptyempty ($strip _urlpath)) {content::redirect (page_404); }}/** * matches the corresponding URL address with a routing rule, and the match successfully puts the corresponding URL parameter into the $_get * @param string URL address * @retu Whether RN bool matches successfully */Public function Match_url ($urlpath) {foreach ($this->routepatterns as $     Router) {             $urlargs = $router->match_url ($urlpath);                      if ($urlargs!==false) {$_get=array_merge ($urlargs, $_get);                  return true;          }} return false;                  } Public Function Rewrite_url ($urlparams) {foreach ($this->routepatterns as $router) {                  $urlstr = $router->rewrite_url ($urlparams);                  if ($urlstr!==false) {return $urlstr;              }} $actualparams =array (); foreach ($urlparams as $arg = + $val) {$actualparams []= $arg.              = ". UrlEncode ($val);              } $actualparamstr =implode (' & ', $actualparams);              $rewriteurl = "/index.php"; if (!emptyempty ($rewriteurl)) $rewriteurl. = "?              {$ACTUALPARAMSTR} ";          return $rewriteurl;              } public static function init () {if (null = = self:: $instance) {self:: $instance = new Route ();          } return Self:: $instance;  }} class routepattern{//...}
About the parsing of the routing configuration file, the main details are all in the class Routepattern, about the resolution of rules in Routepattern, url matching and conversion URL details, space and Energy Limited, today is not detailed, next time carefully analyzed.

rewriterule syntax for rewrite rules

Rewriterule
Syntax:rewriterule Pattern Substitution [flags]
A rewriterule directive, which defines a rewrite rule, is important for the order of the rules.

For Apache1.2 and later versions, the template (pattern) is a POSIX regular that matches the current URL.  The current URL is not necessarily the URL that was originally submitted, because the URL might have been processed by some rules before this rule. Apache Mod_rewrite Learning (rewriterule rewrite rule syntax)-dawnsword-ideals and realities
For Mod_rewrite,! is a valid template prefix that means "non", which is handy for describing "not satisfying a certain match condition", or as the last default rule. When used! , you cannot have a grouped wildcard character in the template, and you cannot do a back reference.
When the match succeeds, the substitution is used to replace the corresponding match, which, in addition to being a normal string, can include:
1. $N, reference the matching string in Rewriterule template, N for ordinal, n=0..9
2.%N, referencing the matching data in the last Rewritecond template, N denotes the ordinal
3.%{varname}, Server variables
4. ${mapname:key|default}, Map function call
The extensions of these special content are carried out in the order described above.
All related parts of a URL are replaced by substitution, and the replacement process continues until all rules are executed, unless you explicitly interrupt the process with the L flag.
When Susbstitution has a "-" prefix, it means that no substitution is made and only matching checks are done.
With Rewriterule, you can define a URL with a request string (Query string) and simply add one to the sustitution. , which means that the content thereafter is placed in the QUERY_STRING variable. If you want to empty a query_string variable, just use the? End the substitution string.
If you add a http://thishost[:p ort] prefix to a substitution, mod_rewrite will automatically remove the suffix. Therefore, using http://thisthost to do an unconditional redirect to yourself will be difficult to work with. To achieve this effect, you must use the R flag.
Flags is an optional parameter that is separated by commas when multiple flags appear at the same time.
1. ' Redirect| R [=code] ' (forced redirection)
Adds a prefix of http://thishost[:thisport]/to the current URI, generating a new URL that forces an external redirect (external redirection, which is sent to the client by the generated URL, The request is made again by the client with a new URL, although the new URL still points to the current server. If no code value is specified, the HTTP answer takes the Status value 302 (MOVED temporarily), and if you want to use a value other than 300-400 (excluding 400), you can specify it by the corresponding number in the code location, or you can specify it with the flag name: Temp (default value) , permanent, seeother.
Note that when using this flag, it is true that the substitution is a valid URL, which only adds the http://thishost[:thisport]/prefix before the URL, and the rewrite operation continues. If you want to redirect the new URL immediately, use the L flag to rewrite the process.
2. ' Forbidden| F ' (Force access to the resource referred to by the URL)
Returns the reply package for the status value 403 (FORBIDDEN) immediately. Use this flag in conjunction with the appropriate rewriteconds to block access to certain URLs.
3. ' Gone| G ' (Force return URL refers to a resource that does not exist (gone))
Returns the reply package for the status Value 410 (GONE) immediately. Use this flag to mark the URLs that the resources refer to are permanently gone.
4. # ' proxy| P ' (force the current URL to be sent to the proxy module)
This flag, forcing substitution as a request to the proxy module, and immediately will be sent to the proxy module. Therefore, you must ensure that the substitution string is a valid URI (for example, the typical case starts with http://hostname), or you will get an error from the proxy module. This flag is a more robust implementation of the PROXYPASS directive, which maps remote requests (remotes stuff) to the local server's namespace (namespace).
Note that this feature must be used to ensure that the proxy module has been compiled into the Apache server program. You can use the "httpd-l" command to check if the output contains mod_proxy.c to confirm. If you do not, and you need to use this feature, you will need to recompile the ' httpd ' program and use Mod_proxy to be valid.
5. ' Last| L ' (last rule)
Aborts the rewrite process and no more rewrite rules are applied to the current URL. This corresponds to the last command of Perl or the break command of C.
6. ' Next| N ' (next round)
Re-start the rewrite process from the first rewrite rule, and the URL in the new procedure should not be the same as the original URL. This corresponds to Perl's next command or C's continue command. Be careful not to create a dead loop.
7. # ' chain| C ' (crawl binding of the current rule to its successor rules (chained))
When a rule matches, the process is the same as no crawl binding, and if the rules do not match, then the subsequent rules crawl tied together are not checked and executed.
8. ' Type| T=mime-type ' (Force MIME type)
Forces the mime-type of the destination file to be a MIME type. For example, this can be used to mimic the scriptalias designation of a directory by the Mod_alias module, by forcing the type of all files in that directory to be changed to "application/x-httpd-cgi".
9. ' Nosubreq| NS ' (used only if no internal sub-request)
This flag forces the rewrite engine to skip the rewrite rules for internal sub-request. For example, when Mod_include tries to find a default file under a directory (INDEX.XXX), sub-requests occurs inside Apache. Sub-requests is not always useful, and in some cases an error occurs if the entire ruleset is applied to it. Use this flag to exclude the execution of some rules.
Ten. ' Nocase| NC ' (template is case insensitive)
This flag causes the template to match the current URL with a case-insensitive difference.
One. ' Qsappend| QSA ' (Append request string (query string))
This flag, forcing the rewrite engine to append a portion of the string to the substitution request string, is not replaced by the original. With this flag, you can use a rewrite rule to add more data to the request string.
' Noescape|ne ' (do not escape special characters in the output result)
Typically, in the output of Mod_write, special characters (such as '% ', ' $ ', '; ', etc.) are escaped to their 16-binary form (for example, '%25 ', '%24 ', and '%3b '). This flag prevents Mod_rewrite from doing such operations on the output. This flag can only be used in Apache 1.3.20 and later versions.
' Passthrough|pt ' (via next processor)
This flag forces the rewrite engine to replace the value of the URI field in the internal REQUEST_REC data structure with the value of the filename field: Using this flag, you can make subsequent other uri-to-filename converter alias, Scriptalias, redirect and other instructions, but also can normally handle the output of rewriterule instructions. Use a small example to illustrate its semantics: if you want to convert/ABC to/def with the mod_rewrite rewrite engine, and then use Mod_alas to rewrite/def as Ghi, you would:
Rewriterule ^/abc (. *)/def$1 [PT]
Alias/def/ghi
If the PT flag is ignored, then mod_rewrite can also do a good job, if., Will uri=/abc/... Convert to filename=/def/..., fully conforms to the action of a uri-to-filename converter. Next Mod_alias try to do uri-to-filename conversion will be a problem.
Note: If you want to mix instructions for different modules that contain url-to-filename converters, you must use this flag. The most typical examples are the use of Mod_alias and mod_rewrite.
' Skip| S=num ' (Skip the following NUM rules)
When the current rule matches, force the rewrite engine to skip the subsequent NUM rules. Use this to mimic the IF-THEN-ELSE structure: the last rule flag for the then clause is skip=n, and N is the number of rule bars for the ELSE clause.
"Env| E=var:val ' (Setting environment variables)
Set the value of the environment variable named var to Val, where Val can contain a regular back reference ($N or%n). This flag can be used multiple times to set multiple environment variables. The variables set here can be referenced in a variety of situations, such as in Xssi or CGI. Alternatively, it can be referenced in the form of%{env:var} in the Rewritecond template.
16.
Attention:Be sure not to forget that in a server-wide configuration file, the template (pattern) is used to match the entire URL, whereas in a directory-scoped configuration file, the directory prefix is always automatically removed and then matched by the template, which is automatically added when the replacement is complete. This feature is important for many kinds of overrides, because if you do not go to the prefix, the parent directory is matched, and the parent directory information is not always available. One exception is that when there is an http://In the substitution, the prefix is no longer automatically incremented, and if the P flag appears, it is forced to move to the proxy.
Note: If you want to start the rewrite engine within a directory scope, you need to set "Rewriteengine on" in the appropriate directory configuration file, and the "Options followsymlinks" of the directory must be set. If the administrator does not open followsymlinks for security reasons, you cannot use the rewrite engine.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache-Modules-Mod_rewrite-rewritecond-Avoid static picture hotlinking by checking http_referer to have a serious impact on performance

common applications for Apache rewrite rules (rewrite)One: Purpose

This article is intended to provide an example of how to use Apache rewrite rules to solve some common URL rewriting methods, and to give users some basic methods and clues to use rewrite rules through common examples.
Two: Why do I need to use rewrite rules?
A Web site, if it is a long-term need to be placed on the Internet to provide services, there is bound to be constantly updated and maintained, such as temporary transfer to other servers for maintenance, reorganize the directory structure, transform the URL and even change to the new domain name, and so that customers will not be affected, The best way to do this is to use Apache Rewrite rule (rewrite rules).
Three: The scope of the rewrite rule
1) can be used in Apache Master config file httpd.conf
2) can be used in the virtual host configuration defined in the httpd.conf
3) You can use the span profile in the base directory. htaccess
Four: Application conditions for rewrite rules
This Web server accepts incoming requests only if the user's Web request is ultimately directed to the Apache background of a Web server, depending on whether the request is a master or a virtual host, based on the user's request in the browser URL to pair rewrite rules and pair them according to the actual request path. Rewrite rules in htaccess. Finally, the content of the request is passed back to the user, which may have two kinds of responses:
1) external redirection (Redirect) of the content of the browser request to another URL.
Ask the browser to make a request again with a new Uri (r=301 or r=302, temporary or permanent redirect)
such as: A site has a regular URL and alias URL, the alias URL to redirect to the regular URL, or the site changed into a new domain name to redirect the old domain name to the new domain name (Redirect)
2) may also be sent back to the customer by the Apache internal Sub-request agent to generate new content [P,l]
This is Apache internally according to the rewritten URI inside the request content through the proxy module and send back the content to the customer, and the client browser does not know that the URI in the browser will not be rewritten. But the actual content is obtained by Apache based on the URI of the rewrite rule. For example, Apache running on a corporate firewall initiates this proxy rewrite rule, which proxies a request for a Web server on an internal network segment.
Five: How does the rewrite rule work?
We assume that you have compiled mod_rewrite into a module when compiling Apache, and that you are sure that your httpd.conf has
LoadModule Rewrite_module libexec/mod_rewrite.so
And there are addmodule in the
Addmodule mod_rewrite.c
You can use rewrite rules.
When an external request comes to Apache,apache call the definition in the rewrite rule to override the URL specified by the user's browser, the last overridden Uri, if redirected, is sent by the browser for another request, and if the proxy sends the rewritten URI to the proxy module to request the final content ( Content), and finally send the contents back to the browser.
Six: When to use the rewrite rule definition in. htaccess?
If you do not have administrator rights on the server where your site content resides, or if your site is hosted on the ISP's server and so on, you cannot overwrite the master profile, but you can have write access to the directory where your Web site content resides, and you can set your own. htaccess The document achieves the same purpose. But you need to make sure that the following is defined in the main configuration file for the directory where your site is located:
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Otherwise, your. htaccess won't work.
Seven: Application examples
Assuming that Apache is compiled and installed under the/usr/local/apache/directory of the host 192.168.1.56, we compile
The rewrite and proxy modules are translated into the.
1) hide a directory under Apache so that any requests for that directory are redirected to another file.
the realization method of a> httpd.conf
Let's put the part of the face down to/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.

Options Indexes followsymlinks allowoverride all rewriteengine on Rewritebase/rewriterule ^ (. *) $ index.html.en [r=301]
Note: Rewriteengine on is a rewrite engine switch, if set to off, any rewrite rule definition will not be applied, another benefit of this switch is that if you want to temporarily remove the rewrite rule, then turn off and then restart Apache, do not have to comment out the following rules of the rewrite rule. The Rewritebase/function is the relative directory, relative to the definition of this rewritebase, if the part that is rewritten in the following Rewriterule definition (here is the file name Index.html.en), is the/usr/ Local/apache/htdocs/index.html.en, otherwise, if there is no rewritebase/this item, it is rewritten as http://192.168.1.56/usr/local/apache/htdocs/ Manual/index.html.en, is obviously not correct.
But here we can also not rewritebase/, but instead
Rewriteengine on
Rewriterule ^ (. *) $/index.html.en [r=301]
Or
Rewriteengine on
Rewriterule ^ (. *) $ http://192.168.1.56/index.html.en [r=301]
b>. How to implement Htaccess
Let's put the following part to Httpd.conf.
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
and put the following part into the/usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual/.htaccess.
Rewriteengine on
Rewritebase/
Rewriterule ^ (. *) $ index.html.en [r=301]
Note: Any changes made to the file. htaccess do not require a restart of Apache.
Q: What if I redirect this manual directory to the user Jephe's own home directory?
Use the following. htaccess scenario.
Rewriteengine on
Rewritebase/~jephe/
Rewriterule ^ (. *) $ $ [r=301]
Requests for any files in the manual directory are redirected to the same file in the ~jephe directory.
2) Convert Www.username.domain.com's home page request for username
Www.domain.com/username
The request for http/1.1 includes a host:http header, which we can rewrite with the following rule set
Http://www.username.domain.com/anypath to/home/username/anypath
Rewriteengine on Rewritecond%{http_host} ^www\. [^.] +\.host\.com$ rewriterule ^ (. +)%{http_host}$1 [C] Rewriterule ^www\. ([^.] +) \.host\.com (. *)/home/$1$2
Note: Rewritecond conditional rewrite rules apply the following rewrite rules when the conditions defined later are met, Rewritecond have various variables
, please refer to the relevant documentation.
3) Rewrite rules on the firewall proxy requests for servers on the internal network segment.
Namevirtualhost 1.2.3.4
ServerName www.domain.com
Rewriteengine on
Proxyrequest on
Rewriterule ^/(. *) $ http://192.168.1.3/$1 [p,l]
Note: When an external browser requests www.domain.com to be resolved to the IP address 1.2.3.4, Apache surrenders
Mod_rewrite processing is converted into
Http://192.168.1.3/$1 after the agent module Mod_proxy get the content to be transferred back to the user's browser.
4) Basic pre-set conversion map table to rewrite Rewritemap
Convert Www.domain.com/{countrycode}/anypath to the URI specified in the map table, which is defined in the virtual host
Rewritelog/usr/local/apache/logs/rewrite.log
Rewriteloglevel 9
Rewriteengine on
Proxyrequest on
Rewritemap Sitemap Txt:/usr/local/apache/conf/rewrite.map
Rewriterule ^/([^/]+) +/(. *) $ http://%{remote_host}::$1 [C]
Rewriterule (. *)::([a-z]+] $ ${sitemap:$2|http://h.i.j.k/} [r=301,l]
The contents of the file/usr/local/apache/conf/rewrite.map are as follows:
SG http://a.b.c.d/
SH http://e.f.g.h/
Note: When the user requests Http://www.domain.com/sg/anypath, it is rewritten as
Http://a.b.c.d/anypath.
When debugging is required, use Rewritelog and Rewriteloglevel 9 and 9 for maximum debug
Information
The minimum is 1, the minimum debugging information, the default is 0, no debugging information.
The syntax of a sitemap is ${sitemap:lookupkey | DefaultValue}, some books put $ into% is wrong
The wrong.



URL Rewrite Rule Rewrite rules

Related Article

Contact Us

The content source of this page is from Internet, which doesn't represent Alibaba Cloud's opinion; products and services mentioned on that page don't have any relationship with Alibaba Cloud. If the content of the page makes you feel confusing, please write us an email, we will handle the problem within 5 days after receiving your email.

If you find any instances of plagiarism from the community, please send an email to: info-contact@alibabacloud.com and provide relevant evidence. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days.

A Free Trial That Lets You Build Big!

Start building with 50+ products and up to 12 months usage for Elastic Compute Service

  • Sales Support

    1 on 1 presale consultation

  • After-Sales Support

    24/7 Technical Support 6 Free Tickets per Quarter Faster Response

  • Alibaba Cloud offers highly flexible support services tailored to meet your exact needs.