Use of the Find command under Linux

Why use the Find command?

Linux system has thousands of files, if you want to find the file you want, a search software is essential, and locate is based on its database to find, although the speed is slightly faster, but not real-time lookup, some new files or directories are not matched, And locate is a fuzzy match, and the Find command is real-time lookup, and for exact matching, if you have enough permissions on the directory, what to look for!

Syntax format for the Find command:

Find [Find path] [find condition] [processing action]

         

[[email protected] test]# find -type f -ls //  If you do not specify a lookup path, find 461307 in the current path     4 -rwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            25 aug 15 21:41 ./f3461333     0 -rwxr--r--   1 root     root             0 aug 15 16:46 ./f1   1700    4 -RW---x--x   1 root      root            6 Aug 15  17:50 ./f2461335    4 -rw-r--r--   1 root      root           23 Aug 15  17:49 ./f1.gz

1) Search by file name and Inode:

-name "file name": Support for using Glob
*, ?, [], [^]

[[email protected] test]# find/root-name F3//Find/root directory under file name F3/root/f3/root/test/f3[[email protected] test]# find/root -name f? Find when the last use "" to cause the file name, otherwise it may be problematic find:paths must precede expression:f2Usage:find [-h] [-l] [-P] [-olevel] [-D Help|tree|searc H|STAT|RATES|OPT|EXEC] [path ...] [Expression] [[email protected] test]# find/root-name "F?"//Add quotation marks to find out? Represents any single character/root/f3/root/test/f3/root/test/f1/root/test/f2/root/f1/root/vmware-tools-distrib/etc/messages/fr/root /desktop/f1/root/desktop/f2/root/etc2016-08-11/vmware-tools/messages/fr/root/etc2016-08-11/etc/vmware-tools/ Messages/fr

2) Search according to the owner and the genus Group

         -user USERNAME: Find files that belong to the specified user (UID)
         -group GRPNAME: Finding files with a group of specified groups (GID)
        - Uiduserid: Find the file with the specified UID number as the owner
        -gidgroupid: Find a file that belongs to the specified GID number
        -nouser: Finding files that are not owned by the master
         -nogroup: Finding files that are not owned by a group

[[email protected] test]# find /var/ -user xiaoshui //Find/var/ Directories subordinate to Xiaoshui files or directories/var/spool/mail/xiaoshui[[email protected] test]# find /tmp - group xiaoshui[[email protected] test]# find /var -nouser -ls //Find/Var /directory without the owner of the file or directory 67109563    0 -RW-RW----   1 1002      mail            0 Jul  27 15:46 /VAR/SPOOL/MAIL/SHUI67109834    0 -RW-RW----   1  1005     mail             0 jul 30 15:54 /var/spool/mail/user167109549    0 - RW-RW----   1 1006     mail             0 aug  1 15:46 /VAR/SPOOL/MAIL/GENTOO67401595    4 -RW-RW----    1 4330     mail           646 aug 16 09:19 /var/spool/mail/12

3) Search by file type

-type Type:
F: Normal file
D: Catalog file
L: Symbolic Link file
S: Socket file
B: Block device files
C: Character device file
P: Pipeline File

[[email protected] test]# Find-type f//Find the normal file under the current directory./f3./f1./f2./f1.gz

4) According to the file size to find:

-size [+|-] #UNIT
Common units: K, M, G
#UNIT: (#-1, #], such as: 6k
-#UNIT: [0,#-1], such as: -6k
+ #UNIT: (#,∞), such as: +6k

[[email protected] test]# find-size-2k//Find files in the current directory with a small file size of 2k. /f3./f1./f2./f1.gz

5) Based on time stamp:

-atime[+|-]#,
#: [#,#+1]
+#: [#+1,∞]
-#: [0,#]
-mtime//with "Day" as unit;

-ctime//"Day" as the unit;

-amin//in "minutes":

-mmin in "minutes":

-cmin in "minutes":

[[email protected] test]# find-atime-7//means to find files accessed within seven days of the current directory. /f3./f1./f2./f1.gz

6) Search by permissions

-perm [/|-]mode

MODE: Exact permission match
/mode: The permission of any class (U,g,o) object can be a match, or a relationship, + from the CENTOS7 start elimination
-mode: Each class of objects must have the specified permission, and the relationship
0 indicates no concern

[Email protected] test]# find-perm-002//means matching when others have W permissions./f3[[email protected] test]# lltotal 12-rwxr--r--1 root root 0  16:46 f1-rw-r--r--1 root root 17:49 f1.gz-rw---x--x 1 root root 6 in 17:50 f2-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21:41 F3[[email protected] test]# find-perm 644//indicates the exact search for a file or directory with permission 644 in the current directory. /f1.gz

Combination conditions

With:-A
Or:-O
Non:-not,!

Default to-A

De Morgan Law:
Non (p and q) = (not P) or (not Q)
Non (p or q) = (not P) and (non-Q)

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Specific performance is

! A-a! B =! (A-o B)
! A-o! B =! (A-a B)

[[email protected] ~]# find/var-not-user root-not-user lp-not-user gdm|wc-l124//means to find files or directories that belong to the owner and not ROOT,LP,GDM [email Protected] ~]# find/var-not-user root-not-user lp-not-user gdm|wc-l124//The use of Morgan's law is to the owner is not root or LP, or GDM to reverse.

Handling actions

-print: The default processing action, display to the screen;
-ls: Similar to performing a "ls-l" command on a found file
-delete: Delete the found file;
-flsfile: Long format information for all files found is saved to the specified file
-ok COMMAND {} \; Executes commands specified by the command for each file found;
Users are interactively asked to confirm the command before each file executes

-exec COMMAND {} \; Executes commands specified by command on each file found
{}: Used to reference the found file name itself

[[email protected] ~]# find -perm 640 -ls //performs ls -l67444969 on the found content]     4 -rw-r-----   1 root     ssh_keys      1679 jul 25 12:43 ./etc2016-08-11/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_ Key67444971    4 -rw-r-----   1 root      ssh_keys      227 jul 25 12:43 ./etc2016-08-11/ssh/ssh _host_ecdsa_key67444973    4 -rw-r-----   1 root      ssh_keys      387 jul 25 12:43 ./ Etc2016-08-11/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key134369098    4 -rw-r-----   1  root     lp            3091 jul 25 20:19 ./et[[email protected] test]# lltotal 12-rwxr--r-- 1 root root  0 aug  15 16:46 f1-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Aug 15 17:49  F1.GZ-RW---x--x 1 root root  6 aug 15 17:50 f2-rwxrwxrwx 1  root root 25 aug 15 21:41 f3[[email protected] test]# find  -perm 644 -delete /perform a delete operation on the found content [[email protected] test]# ls //using LS view , and did delete the F1  F2  F3

After-school practice

1. Find the main root of the/var directory and all files belonging to the group Mail

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2. Find all files in/var directory that do not belong to root, LP, GDM

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3, find in the/var directory in the last week of its content has been modified, and the owner is not root, nor postfix files

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4. Find files that are not owned by the master or group on the current system and have been visited in the last week

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5. Find all files that are larger than 1M in the/etc directory and are of normal file type

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6. Find files with no write permission for all users in/etc directory

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7. Find at least one class of users who do not have permission to execute files in/etc directory

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8, find/etc/init.d directory, all users have execute permission, and other users have write permission files

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This article is from the "Endless Learning" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://dashui.blog.51cto.com/11254923/1946895

Use of the Find command under Linux