Use python to interact with the mail server -- standard library parsing of the imaplib Module

Overview: The imap4 module defines three classes: imap4, impa4_SLL, and impa4_stream. They encapsulate a connection to the impa4 server and implement a set of impa4 client protocols, these classes are defined in RFC 2060. It is backward compatible with IMAP4 (RFC 1730) servers, but note that the "STATUS" command is not supported by IMAP4.

1. Connection

 

Three classes are provided by the imaplib module, IMAP4 is the base class:

Class imaplib. IMAP4 ([host [, port])
This class implements the actual IMAP4 protocol. the connection is created and protocol version (IMAP4 or IMAP4rev1) is determined when the instance is initialized. if host is not specified, ''(the local host) is used. if port is omitted, the standard IMAP4 port (143) is used.

Note: For example, to access the 163 mailbox, the hostname address is imap.163.com rather than mail. 163. com

Three exceptions are defined as attributes of the IMAP4 class:

Exception IMAP4.error
Exception raised on any errors. The reason for the exception is passed to the constructor as a string.

Exception IMAP4.abort
IMAP4 server errors cause this exception to be raised. This is a sub-class of IMAP4.error. Note that closing the instance and instantiating a new one will usually allow relow from this exception.

Exception IMAP4.readonly
This exception is raised when a writable mailbox has its status changed by the server. this is a sub-class of IMAP4.error. some other client now has write permission, and the mailbox will need to be re-opened to re-obtain write permission.

There's also a subclass for secure connections:

Class imaplib. IMAP4_SSL ([host [, port [, keyfile [, certfile])
This is a subclass derived from IMAP4 that connects over an SSL encrypted socket (to use this class you need a socket module that was compiled with SSL support ). if host is not specified, ''(the local host) is used. if port is omitted, the standard IMAP4-over-SSL port (993) is used. keyfile and certfile are also optional-they can contain a PEM formatted private key and certificate chain file for the SSL connection.

The second subclass allows for connections created by a child process:

Class imaplib. IMAP4_stream (command)
This is a subclass derived from IMAP4 that connects to the stdin/stdout file descriptors created by passing command toos. popen2 ().

New in version 2.3.

The following utility functions are defined:

 

2. Function

Imaplib. Internaldate2tuple (datestr)
Parse an IMAP4 INTERNALDATE string and return corresponding local time. The return value is a time. struct_time instance or None if the string has wrong format.

Imaplib. Int2AP (num)
Converts an integer into a string representation using characters from the set [A. P].

Imaplib. ParseFlags (flagstr)
Converts an IMAP4 FLAGS response to a tuple of individual flags.

Imaplib. Time2Internaldate (date_time)
Convert date_time to an IMAP4 INTERNALDATE representation. the return value is a string in the form: "DD-Mmm-yyyy hh: MM: SS + HHMM" (including double-quotes ). the date_time argument can be a number (int or float) representing seconds since epoch (as returned by time. time (), a 9-tuple representing local time (as returned by time. localtime (), or a double-quoted string. in the last case, it is assumed to already be in the correct format.

Note that IMAP4 message numbers change as the mailbox changes; in particle, after an EXPUNGE command performs deletions the remaining messages are renumbered. so it is highly advisable to use UIDs instead, with the UID command.

At the end of the module, there is a test section that contains a more extensive example of usage.

See also
Clients describing the protocol, and sources and binaries for servers implementing it, can all be found at the University of Washington's IMAP Information Center (http://www.washington.edu/imap ).

3. IMAP4 Objects

All IMAP4rev1 commands are represented by methods of the same name, either upper-case or lower-case.

Parameter description: All arguments to commands are converted to strings, cannot t for AUTHENTICATE, and the last argument to APPEND which is passed as an IMAP4 literal. if necessary (the string contains IMAP4 protocol-sensitive characters and isn' t enclosed with either parentheses or double quotes) each string is quoted. however, the password argument to the LOGIN command is always quoted. if you want to avoid having an argument string quoted (eg: the flags argument to STORE) then enclose the string in parentheses (eg: R' (\ Deleted )').

Return Value Description: Each command returns a tuple: (type, [data,...]) where type is usually 'OK' or 'no', and data is either the text from the command response, or mandated results from the command. each data is either a string, or a tuple. if a tuple, then the first part is the header of the response, and the second part contains the data (ie: 'literal' value ).

Message_set option: The message_set options to commands below is a string specifying one or more messages to be acted. it may be a simple message number ('1'), a range of message numbers ('2: 4 '), or a group of non-contiguous ranges separated by commas ('1: 3, 6: 9 '). A range can contain an asterisk to indicate an infinite upper bound ('3 :*').

An IMAP4 instance has the following methods:

IMAP4.append (mailbox, flags, date_time, message)
Append message to named mailbox.

IMAP4.authenticate (mechanic, authobject)
Authenticate command-requires response processing.

Machism specifies which authentication mechanic is to be used-it shoshould appear in the instance variable capabilities in the form AUTH = mechanic.

Authobject must be a callable object:

Data = authobject (response)
It will be called to process server continuation responses. It shoshould return data that will be encoded and sent to server. It shoshould return None if the client abort response * shocould be sent instead.

IMAP4.check ()
Checkpoint mailbox on server.

IMAP4.close ()
Close currently selected mailbox. Deleted messages are removed from writable mailbox. This is the recommended command before LOGOUT.

IMAP4.copy (message_set, new_mailbox)
Copy message_set messages onto end of new_mailbox.

IMAP4.create (mailbox)
Create new mailbox named mailbox.

IMAP4.delete (mailbox)
Delete old mailbox named mailbox.

IMAP4.deleteacl (mailbox, who)
Delete the ACLs (remove any rights) set for who on mailbox.

New in version 2.4.

IMAP4.expunge ()
Permanently remove deleted items from selected mailbox. Generates an EXPUNGE response for each deleted message. Returned data contains a list of EXPUNGE message numbers in order received.

IMAP4.fetch (message_set, message_parts)
Fetch (parts of) messages. message_parts shocould be a string of message part names enclosed within parentheses, eg: "(UIDBODY [TEXT])". returned data are tuples of message part envelope and data.

IMAP4.getacl (mailbox)
Get the ACLs for mailbox. The method is non-standard, but is supported by the Cyrus server.

IMAP4.getannotation (mailbox, entry, attribute)
Retrieve the specified ANNOTATIONs for mailbox. The method is non-standard, but is supported by the Cyrus server.

New in version 2.5.

IMAP4.getquota (root)
Get the quota root's resource usage and limits. This method is part of the IMAP4 QUOTA extension defined in rfc2087.

New in version 2.3.

IMAP4.getquotaroot (mailbox)
Get the list of quota roots for the named mailbox. This method is part of the IMAP4 QUOTA extension defined in rfc2087.

New in version 2.3.

IMAP4.list ([directory [, pattern])
List mailbox names in directory matching pattern. directory defaults to the top-level mail folder, and pattern defaults to match anything. Returned data contains a list of LIST responses.

Note: This command is used to list the sub-file prices under a folder that meet a certain pattern.

Assignment instance:

C. list (directory = 'archive') or c. list (pattern = 'ibm ')

IMAP4.login (user, password)
Identify the client using a plaintext password. The password will be quoted.

IMAP4.login _ cram_md5 (user, password)
Force use of CRAM-MD5 authentication when identifying the client to protect the password. Will only work if the server CAPABILITYresponse has des the phrase AUTH = CRAM-MD5.

New in version 2.3.

IMAP4.logout ()
Shutdown connection to server. Returns server BYE response.

IMAP4.lsub ([directory [, pattern])
List subscribed mailbox names in directory matching pattern. directory defaults to the top level directory and pattern defaults to match any mailbox. Returned data are tuples of message part envelope and data.

IMAP4.myrights (mailbox)
Show my ACLs for a mailbox (I. e. the rights that I have on mailbox ).

New in version 2.4.

IMAP4.namespace ()
Returns IMAP namespaces as defined in RFC2342.

New in version 2.3.

IMAP4.noop ()
Send NOOP to server.

IMAP4.open (host, port)
Opens socket to port at host. this method is implicitly called by the IMAP4 constructor. the connection objects established by this method will be used in the read, readline, send, and shutdown methods. you may override this method.

IMAP4.partial (message_num, message_part, start, length)
Fetch truncated part of a message. Returned data is a tuple of message part envelope and data.

IMAP4.proxyauth (user)
Assume authentication as user. Allows an authorised administrator to proxy into any user's mailbox.

New in version 2.3.

IMAP4.read (size)
Reads size bytes from the remote server. You may override this method.

IMAP4.readline ()
Reads one line from the remote server. You may override this method.

IMAP4.recent ()
Prompt server for an update. Returned data is None if no new messages, else value of RECENT response.

IMAP4.rename (oldmailbox, newmailbox)
Rename mailbox named oldmailbox to newmailbox.

IMAP4.response (code)
Return data for response code if already ed, or None. Returns the given code, instead of the usual type.

IMAP4.search (charset, criterion [,...])
Search mailbox for matching messages. charset may be None, in which case no CHARSET will be specified in the request to the server. the IMAP protocol requires that at least one criterion be specified; an exception will be raised when the server returns an error.

Example:

# M is a connected IMAP4 instance...
Typ, msgnums = M. search (None, 'from', '"LDJ "')

# Or:
Typ, msgnums = M. search (None, '(FROM "LDJ ")')
NOTE: With the above program, we can extract the code of the LDJ mail, but how can we select the mail subject and time? See section 6.4.4 IMAP4.select ([mailbox [, readonly]) in RFC 3501.
Select a mailbox. Returned data is the count of messages in mailbox (EXISTS response). The default mailbox is 'inbox'. If thereadonly flag is set, modifications to the mailbox are not allowed.

Returned value: the amount of information contained in mailbox.

IMAP4.send (data)
Sends data to the remote server. You may override this method.

IMAP4.setacl (mailbox, who, what)
Set an ACL for mailbox. The method is non-standard, but is supported by the Cyrus server.

IMAP4.setannotation (mailbox, entry, attribute [,...])
Set ANNOTATIONs for mailbox. The method is non-standard, but is supported by the Cyrus server.

New in version 2.5.

IMAP4.setquota (root, limits)
Set the quota root's resource limits. This method is part of the IMAP4 QUOTA extension defined in rfc2087.

New in version 2.3.

IMAP4.shutdown ()
Close connection established in open. This method is implicitly called by IMAP4.logout (). You may override this method.

IMAP4.socket ()
Returns socket instance used to connect to server.

IMAP4.sort (sort_criteria, charset, search_criterion [,...])
The sort command is a variant of search with sorting semantics for the results. Returned data contains a space separated list of matching message numbers.

Sort has two arguments before the search_criterion argument (s); a parenthesized list of sort_criteria, and the searching charset. note that unlike search, the searching charset argument is mandatory. there is also a uid sort command which corresponds tosort the way that uid search corresponds to search. the sort command first searches the mailbox for messages that match the given searching criteria using the charset argument for the interpretation of strings in the searching criteria. it then returns the numbers of matching messages.

This is an IMAP4rev1 extension command.

IMAP4.status (mailbox, names)
Request named status conditions for mailbox.

Note: However, the replication of names is still not done !!

IMAP4.store (message_set, command, flag_list)
Alters flag dispositions for messages in mailbox. command is specified by section 6.4.6 of RFC 2060 as being one of "FLAGS", "+ FLAGS", or "-FLAGS", optionally with a suffix ". SILENT ".

For example, to set the delete flag on all messages:

Typ, data = M. search (None, 'all ')
For num in data [0]. split ():
M. store (num, '+ FLAGS', '\ Deleted ')
M. expunge ()
IMAP4.subscribe (mailbox)
Subscribe to new mailbox.

IMAP4.thread (threading_algorithm, charset, search_criterion [,...])
The thread command is a variant of search with threading semantics for the results. Returned data contains a space separated list of thread members.

Thread members consist of zero or more messages numbers, delimited by spaces, indicating successive parent and child.

Thread has two arguments before the search_criterion argument (s); a threading_algorithm, and the searching charset. note that unlike search, the searching charset argument is mandatory. there is also a uid thread command which corresponds to threadthe way that uid search corresponds to search. the thread command first searches the mailbox for messages that match the given searching criteria using the charset argument for the interpretation of strings in the searching criteria. it then returns the matching messages threaded according to the specified threading algorithm.

This is an IMAP4rev1 extension command.

New in version 2.4.

IMAP4.uid (command, arg [,...])
Execute command args with messages identified by UID, rather than message number. returns response appropriate to command. at least one argument must be supplied; if none are provided, the server will return an error and an exception will be raised.

IMAP4.unsubscribe (mailbox)
Unsubscribe from old mailbox.

IMAP4.xatom (name [, arg [,...])
Allow simple extension commands notified by server in CAPABILITY response.

Instances of IMAP4_SSL have just one additional method:

IMAP4_SSL.ssl ()
Returns SSLObject instance used for the secure connection with the server.

The following attributes are defined on instances of IMAP4:

IMAP4.PROTOCOL _ VERSION
The most recent supported protocol in the CAPABILITY response from the server.

IMAP4.debug
Integer value to control debugging output. The initialize value is taken from the module variable Debug. Values greater than three trace each command.

4. IMAP4 Example

Here is a minimal example (without error checking) that opens a mailbox and retrieves and prints all messages:

Import getpass, imaplib

M = imaplib. IMAP4 ()
M. login (getpass. getuser (), getpass. getpass ())
M. select ()
Typ, data = M. search (None, 'all ')
For num in data [0]. split ():
Typ, data = M. fetch (num, '(RFC822 )')
Print 'message % s \ n % s \ n' % (num, data [0] [1])
M. close ()