Various programming languages)

Introduction to various programming software version 1.2

* Added languages such as scheme and icon.
* Added several compilers for logo, basic, C ++, prograph, and other languages to modify the description of some languages.
* ClickView the corresponding interface

This article will introduce more than 10 differentProgramDesign languages and how to download their free compilers (note that they are free, not pirated). If you have any problems with the download or installation, you can send me an email:
Ruoyu0088@sohu.com

In 20 years, what languages do we use? Maybe no one can answer this question now. Programmers 20 years ago will tell you how to use assembler. Today, people may tell you how to use it.C Language(C ++ ?) Right. So 20 years later, maybe it's not C language. The following are so-called non-mainstream languages, but their design ideas and functions can be completed are definitely no worse than the C language. They may become mainstream in the future, maybe not, but they all have their own flashes.

---> You can either program on computer hardware or on the shoulders of giants. Please choose.

PROLOG

The languages commonly used in the AI field, the development of natural language analysis, expert systems, and all intelligent-related programs are very good. You can go to my homepage to learn the language http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://cdtzx.go.163.com/

Visual Prolog

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.visual-prolog.com/
As the name suggests, this is a PROLOG that can be created on the interface. It has a trial version for download, about 20 mb. This Prolog version must declare the predicates and data, just like the C language. Therefore, it is complicated to use, but it is more suitable for compiling large programs. Compiled programs can be run directly.

Amzi! PROLOG

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.amzi.com/
This Prolog version contains the interpreter and compiler. However, compiled programs cannot run directly and must be run by the interpreter. You can easily connect to other languages (such as Visual Basic, Java, C, CGI) to develop intelligent programs. The interpreter is less efficient. The syntax system is different from Visual Prolog, and the program must be modified to run in Visual Prolog.

SWI PROLOG

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.swi-prolog.org/
I have never used this version of PROLOG interpreter, but it runs faster than the interpreter of amzi Prolog, which is almost as fast as the compiled program of amzi, if you download the graphic software package xpce, you can also develop an interface program. Its syntax is the same as amzi Prolog, and the program can be general, but the internal predicates are somewhat different and sometimes need to be modified.

Turbo Prolog

Send me an email if necessary.
The DOS version of PROLOG has a development interface that can be compiled into executable files. The syntax is the same as that of visual-Prolog, but there are many internal predicates.

B PROLOG

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.cad.mse.kyutech.ac.jp/people/zhou/index.html
It seems that the prolog software developed by Chinese people is said to be faster than other Prolog operations. I have used this Prolog in Linux and have windows version, however, there is no integrated development environment. The syntax is not the same as the other ones. You need to modify the program to run it in this environment. This Prolog provides many programs to solve the problem of test speed. This version of PROLOG supports the constraint programming.

Strawberry PROLOG

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.dobrev.com/
1 MB capacity, including the complete development interface, help, routines, provides source programs for several chess games. You can directly develop a Prolog program with an interface. If the shared version cannot be compiled, explain and execute it.

Sicstus PROLOG

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.sics.se/sicstus/
Sicstus Prolog is undoubtedly the best Prolog version. Although it is not a free software, it can be downloaded to trial versions with time constraints, in addition, the modification time can also be used indefinitely (the modification time will not be faulty after expiration ). Its syntax is similar to amzi PROLOG and belongs to the ISO standard. It has a rich set of internal stomach words and provides a wide range of libraries, such as collections, graphs, and weighted graphs. Supports UNIX, windows, and other operating system platforms. Supports constraint programming.

LISP

Big brother of Artificial Intelligence Language. The language format has only one form: list, so it is also called the table processing language. This is not a common table. It can accommodate any structure. With it, you can also use the C language to write a linked list, binary Tree programs? Using LISP to learn data structures makes you more interested.AlgorithmInstead of how data is expressed within a computer.

Xemacs

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.xemacs.org/
With the name of the famous guns emacs editor, and the interface is more friendly, with Emacs lisp, and many tool software written using lisp, such as calc, is a powerful calculator, it supports symbol operations and has all source programs. If you can study these source programs well, you will surely get a lot of attention.

Allegro Cl

Common LISP
Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.franz.com/
Windows Common Lisp integrated development environment, 60 days trial.

Lisp work

Common LISP
Http://www.xanalys.com/
It is used indefinitely and has no functional limitations.

Scheme

This is a dialect of lisp, which is more standardized than lisp.

MIT Scheme

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/
Here is a very good book about programming technology. The language used is LISP/scheme. Here, you can also download the scheme interpreter, which basically imitates Emacs.

Drscheme

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.drscheme.org/
Drscheme is an interactive integrated development environment in the scheme language. It is very suitable for teaching. Supports multiple language levels (beginner, intermediate, advanced, and so on), rich interface libraries, and TCP/IP support. Includes detailed help and tutorials.

Function Language

This is a type of language called a functional programming language. Is a very advanced language. A new language type that was developed only in the late 1970s s based on the lambda algorithm. Most programming languages clearly define the sequence of operations to be performed. Order details are required because language statements have a "function" on program variables. If you change the order of these variables, you can change the final value. However, functional languages do not. In this sense, functional languages can establish computational mathematical formula models. Let's look at a simple example:
Qsort: [a]-> [a] | ord
Qsort [] = []
Qsort [: xs] = qsort [x \ x <-xs | x <A] ++ [a] ++ qsort [x \ x <-xs | x> = A]

This process is fast sorting.Code, You can see how concise it is, and its qsort can sort any type of data (as long as the data can be larger ). Want to read the above program? Download the following "clean" or "Haskell" and study it carefully. I wish you a new discovery.

Clean

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.cs.kun.nl /~ Clean/
A parallel function language can compile the source program into an EXE file with a wide array of libraries, from TCP/IP to interface design to game development.

 

Haskell

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.haskell.org/hugs/
Hugs is a free compiler for Haskell. The syntax is similar to clean, but it is easy to learn because it is interpreted and executed.

Ocaml

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.ocaml.org/
Another functional language is very fast, and the compiled program is almost as fast as it is made using C.

Mozart Oz

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.mozart-oz.org/
Mozart Oz is a magic language. It integrates several popular programming ideas. We call it a multi-paradigm language. It is an object-oriented language. It is a functional language. It is a constraint language. It is a concurrent language. It is also a distributed language, it is difficult to summarize its functions in a few words. It is best to go to its website to see how to download a study?
He uses Emacs as the development interface. Therefore, if you want to use the language in Windows, you must first install Emacs for Windows (you can also find it on the Internet of javasart or www.gnus.org, you can also install xemacs). If you install Emacs, you will also get Emacs lisp at the same time.
To raise your interest, think about how to program and solve the following problems. Then you can find amazing and simple solutions in javasart.
15 people go out to play each day. They are divided into five groups each day. Each group has three people for a week, so that any two people once played in one group. How do you arrange this?

J Software

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.jsoftware.com/
Do not confuse Java. J is an array-oriented language. That is to say, vector, matrix, and high-order arrays are the most basic data types. j introduces a large number of operators, the unique formula analysis method greatly extends the expression ability of the mathematical formula. For example, if you want to calculate from 1 to 100, how do you use C? J's program is: +/I .100 pairs, which is so short that an expression solves the problem. In fact, the program compiled using an expression is very simple, although it seems difficult to understand at first, once you have mastered the J language, you will find that you can use only 1/20 characters in the C language to express the same function.

Forth

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://cdtzx.51.net/pimage/www.jsoftware.com
Forth is an extensible and interactive language. Initially designed for a small embedded computer, it can now run on almost any mainstream chip. It is widely used in workbooks, expert systems, multi-user databases, and distributed real-time control systems.
On the surface, forth is a stack-based concept machine. For example, if you want to calculate (3 + 4) x 5, our program is: 3 4 + 5 *. first put 3 and 4 into the stack, then call + subroutine, + take out the top two elements of the stack (that is, 3 and 4) for addition operation, and then import the result into the stack, next, call the * subprogram to add 5 elements to the stack. Extract the top two elements, 7 and 5, perform multiplication, and then import the result to the stack. extract the result from the stack. In fact, this is a simple and effective concept machine. Of course, forth is far more than that. You can find out what features it has.

Logo

It is called the best language of enlightenment. In fact, its function is far more simple than that of enlightenment. What other languages can accomplish is also more concise. Generally, the logo is written in LISP, and we can imagine its high flexibility.

MSW logo

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.softronix.com/
This website also has a software that simulates logical digital circuits. It is very interesting and there is no need to worry about trigger door circuits.

Star logo

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.media.mit.edu/starlogo
The starlogo website says:
Starlogo is a programmable Modeling Environment used to study the operating mechanism of distributed systems. A decentralized system refers to a system that is organized without an organizer and coordinated with no coordinators. With starlogo, you can model and observe many phenomena in the real world, such as birds, transportation, ant financial, and market economy.
Starlogo is a special logo language. Like the traditional logo language, you can draw images by sending commands to turtles. In addition, starlogo allows you to control thousands of turtles concurrently and set different behavior patterns for these turtles. Starlogo is very suitable for AI research.

Python

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.python.org/
Python is an interpreted, interactive, and object-oriented language. We often compare it with TCL Perl scheme Java. It has clear syntaxes, modules, classes, exception handling, and advanced dynamic data structures. It is easier to learn and more powerful than Perl. Python uses a dynamic data structure. That is to say, the variable has no data type. This is very similar to lisp. in Python, everything is an object, a string, a function, and a class and a module. This object-oriented concept is similar to Smalltalk. It also comes with a rich module library. For beginners, python is suitable for learning programming ideas without causing headaches for complicated syntaxes. For advanced users, python is the best scripting language. It can easily embed a software into it as an extension of that software, for example, the famous 3D design software blender can use the embedded Python script language to design complex animations.

Smalltalk

However, the originator of the object-oriented programming language is booming and is not outdated. It is a pure object-oriented language, and even integers are objects. The open environment is also very integrated. If you are interested, you can download it from the website. It is absolutely refreshing. For example, a circular statement in Smalltalk sends a message to an integer object: 10 timesrepeat: [Teresa moveright: 10]. here, timesrepeat is the message name, 10 is the integer object that receives the message, and [Teresa moveright: 10]. it is a message parameter, which is also a powerful part of smalltalk. It can pass a program as a parameter to an object !!!

Squeak Smalltalk

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.squeak.org/
This is a very interesting Smalltalk version. It looks like simulating another complete Window System on your computer. The window here is more interesting and you can even rotate it, I don't know, but I can only find that there is such a wonderful language and a wonderful development environment. About 10 MB

Cincom Smalltalk

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.cincom.com/scripts/smalltalk.dll/home.ssp
This version is more practical and can be used to develop real Windows programs with detailed help. About 30 m

Doldolphin Smalltalk

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.object-arts.com/
The free Smalltalk version provided here is less than 3 m. If you want to try this language first, you can download it.

Prograph

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://192.219.29.95/
Prograph may be the only visual language in the world. Here, the program is represented by a chart, and the editing program is used to draw a chart. I didn't see the advantages of doing so, but it is really helpful for beginners, and it is always good to try new things. Maybe this is also a development direction.
You can download a free version from the above website, which can be explained and run, but cannot be compiled. The size is about 27 MB.

Icon

This language has nothing to do with the icon. Do not misunderstand it. This is a magical language. Although it has not been updated for several years, I think many of its ideas are advanced.
Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/
The syntax is similar to C and Pascal, but the function is more powerful. The following are some of its features:
An icon expression can generate a series of values instead of a value.
The target-oriented evaluation method can automatically search for correct answers (similar to Prolog)
Powerful string processing functions
Of course, linked lists, collections, and even dictionaries (which can also be called hash tables) are all basic data types. The memory is also automatically managed, so you don't have to worry about trivial issues such as memory leakage or overflow.
He is particularly suitable for programming in text analysis, text editing, data formatting, artificial intelligence, expert systems, and symbol operations.
Below are some simple examples:
Every F (I to J) --- icon
For (k = I; k <= J; k ++) f (k); --- C
Every write (find ("or", sentence) --- outputs the location of all substring or in sentence

Basic

Search for a large number of basic versions on the Internet. Here we will introduce a basic that is most suitable for programming games.
Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.blitzbasic.com/
There are demo downloads, 2D and 3D files, and they cannot be compiled into EXE files, but they can be interpreted and executed. The 3D version limits the number of times of use. If you need to crack the files, you can send me an email.
This basic is specially designed for game development. If you want to quickly develop a game, please download it. :)
The main functions of 2D are:
High-Speed Block, image, circle, line, and other graphic images
Supports popular image formats: BMP, JPG, and PNG
Draw smooth animations with Double Buffering
Collision Detection, accurate to Point
The game can run in Windows or full screen
High speed!

C & C ++

Finally, we will return to the C language. After all, this is the most popular language at present. If you do not want to use piracy, do not want to install more than 100 MB of garbage (most beginners cannot use all the functions of Borland C ++ builder or visual C ++, but only to learn the C language itself ), I don't want to use the TC Program under the DOS edit face, so try the following stuff. Download the absolute value of 3 m.

KP

Http://web.archive.org/web/20030205031354/http://www.cs.virginia.edu /~ Lcc-win32/index.html

Dev-C ++

If you want to download the C ++ compiler.