What are the 10 times faster than 4G in addition to 5G ?, 5g4g

What are the 10 times faster than 4G in addition to 5G ?, 5g4g

I believe that if you are interested in electronic products and technologies, you must be familiar with the word "5G". This popular communication technology that has been used since last year will always come to our sights from time to time. In addition, at the just-concluded CES, Qualcomm also depicts a future that is at your fingertips and full of technological sense around 5g.

Now let's imagine that 5G may be the same as 4G in the 3G period. In addition to the fast speed, it seems that 4G has improved in other aspects than 3G.

5G speed comparable to that of cheetah

Indeed, according to the theoretical data, the transmission rate of 5g can be 1 Gb/s, which is 10 times faster than the current 4G speed. This means that it takes only 10 seconds to download a 1 gb hd movie with 5G technology!

So what technical changes can 5g make a qualitative leap over 4G? In addition to faster speeds, what are the improvements to 5g comparison with 4G?

5G is more than 1g than 4G"

Next, I will reveal to you what secrets are hidden in 5G and 4G.

Millimeter Wave is the key to speed improvement

As we all know, the signals sent and received by mobile phones we use today are electromagnetic waves. However, the frequency of electromagnetic waves is limited, and the electromagnetic waves used in different work cannot interfere with each other. Therefore, the universal negotiation across the world divides the limited frequency of electromagnetic waves into different functions. For example, ultra-low frequency is applied to ultra-far navigation and high frequency waveguide communication.

Radio frequency Segmentation

The electromagnetic frequency used for our mobile phone communication is allocated to the intermediate frequency-ultra-high frequency segment. In short, from 2G to 3G to 5G is actually an increasing frequency.

As the frequency increases, the frequency band is gradually widened.

Frequencies occupied by network standards of three major carriers

For example, in the 4G period, China's operators generally use 2555-2575 MHz frequencies. 5G has been tested internationally at 28 GHz.

Intuitively, we can see that 5G is more than an order of magnitude higher than 4G.

If we place the frequency into the light speed and wavelength formula, we will get very interesting results. Take 5g 28 GHz as an example:

Taking 28 GHz as an example to calculate the wavelength

Then we can see that the wavelength of 5g is about 10.7mm (mm), which is what we call 5g millimeter wave.

5G and 4G Image Comparison

However, it should be noted that although Millimeter waves can bring greater transmission speeds, Millimeter waves also have a fatal drawback-Millimeter waves have a large attenuation in the air and weak diffraction capabilities. To put it simply, it is very difficult to use Millimeter waves to achieve signal penetration through the wall.

To solve this problem, we need to use the micro-base station technology.

Micro base stations enable users to obtain signals in a balanced manner

As mentioned above, due to the weak penetration strength of 5G Millimeter Wave and the high attenuation in air, if 5G still uses the "macro Base Station" used in the 3G and 4G periods in the past ", it cannot provide sufficient signal protection for users who are a little farther away.

To cope with this difficulty, 5g began to use the new base station-micro base station. As the name suggests, micro base stations are small enough.

To better understand the differences between macro-base stations and micro-base stations, we use an example of heating to illustrate macro-base stations and micro-base stations.

Hong Ji station: In a cold winter, there was only one hot stove in a class. The teacher put the hot stove in the center of the class to warm up the class. The result is counterproductive. The class is not all hot, but only a few students who are close to the stove are warm (in fact, the temperature is too high and may already have a burning sensation) the students who are far away from the stove may not feel the temperature of the stove at the edge of the class.

Micro-Base Station "Heating" SOLUTION

Micro base station: if we split the hot stove in the above class center into four or five furnaces, although the power of each furnace is not as high as that of the original furnace, however, we divide these stoves into different areas of the class so that everyone can feel warm.

Therefore, the size of the micro base station is much smaller than that of the macro base station, and the power consumption is also reduced.

You may want to ask, why are the antennas of macro base stations so large and the antennas of micro base stations so small? Or, why do we have to use long antennas for our mobile phones, but now we have no antennas?

Relationship between antenna length and wavelength

This is because, as the frequency increases, the corresponding wavelength of the frequency is gradually shortened, and the antenna is also shortened! According to the data obtained from the experiment, the antenna length is about 1/10 ~ of the wavelength ~ 1/4.

Therefore, 5g millimeter wave makes the antenna reach the "millimeter" level.

Massive MIMO improves bandwidth capacity by dozens of times

In the 5G era, "millimeter" antennas bring a huge benefit, that is, they can put more antennas in tiny base stations.

The MIMO technology is used. The full name is Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, which means "multi-Input and multi-Output". To put it bluntly, the number of base station antennas increases, in addition, the mobile phone's ability to accept has also increased. multiple antennas are sent from the source, and multiple receivers are received from multiple antennas.

5G has become an enhanced version of Massive (Massive) MIMO technology because it can be placed into more antennas.

Although MIMO technology has already been used in the 4G period, because of the large antennas in the 4G period, most of them use 4-and 8-antennas, and there is no Massive MIMO antenna with a "large scale and Massive scale.

In the 5g period, when the frequency is 30 GHz, the base station can use up to 256 antennas to send and receive signals at the same time. 5g can increase the bandwidth capacity of the mobile network by dozens of times or even greater.

Signal like a flashlight "precise targeting" Users

Although the signal and antenna problems have been solved now, there is still a problem with 5g, that is, whether we can emit signals without the goal of 4G, although there is a large coverage, but the utilization rate is high and low. Whether or not it can be "targeted" only for people in need, thus saving resources.

In layman's terms, 4G is like a lamp. After the lamp is turned on, no matter the light is needed in a certain place, the light of 4G will be covered, to a certain extent, it creates a waste of resources.

To solve this waste of resources, we started to use beam technology.

What is Beam Shaping? Let's take a look at Wikipedia's explanation:

Beamforming, also known as Beamforming and airspace filtering, is a signal processing technology that uses sensor arrays to send and receive signals in a targeted manner. By adjusting the parameters of the basic elements of the phase array, beam technology enables signals from some angles to obtain phase-length interference, while signals from other angles to obtain phase-cancellation interference. Beam Shaping can be used both at the signal transmitting end and at the signal receiving end ."

In short, 5g turns 4G electric lights into "flashlights". If the 5G "Flashlight" is powered in a dark room, it will not make the entire room bright, instead, they seek targeted attacks in a specific and On-Demand direction.

D2D technology enables point-to-point communication between terminals

Another leading aspect of 5G is the ability to implement D2D Communication Based on cellular networks, also known as adjacent services, user data can be transmitted directly between two terminals without being transferred through the base station.

Using D2D technology can save a lot of air resources and reduce the pressure on base stations.

However, you do not think that this will escape the operator's "Claw" and do not need to pay communication fees. Because the total signal control and resource allocation are still controlled by the base station, we still need to pay for the operator.

In general, although 5G only has "1g" more than 4G, there are too many content and progress in this "1g", whether it's bandwidth or base station, 5G has a qualitative leap over 4G.

Although 5G is still a little far away from our daily life, it is like the silence on the eve of the storm. Once the 5g Storm strikes, self-driving and IOT technologies that are closely related to our daily lives will disrupt our daily lives together with 5g.

Of course, the most important thing is the improvement of network speed.