What are the advantages and disadvantages of Windows compared with Linux?

Differences:
(1) Linux is faster,Better security than Windows 
(2) There are many software that can only be run in windows, and the software compatible with Linux is under development.
(3) Linux is applicable to the network.
(4) Linux operations are complicated and Windows operations are relatively simple.

 

Differences between Linux and WindowsLike Linux, Windows is a fully multitasking operating system.They support the same user interface, network, and security.

However,Real differences between Linux and WindowsIn fact, Linux is a UNIX version and has contributed a lot from UNIX.

 

Reasons for the strength of UNIX:

(1) On the internet, a large number of free software are written for UNIX systems. There are many UNIX vendors, so there are also many UNIX implementation methods. No individual organization is responsible for Unix distribution. At present, there is a huge force to promote the standardization of UNIX community in the form of an open system.

(2) Windows is a dedicated system designed by the company that develops the operating system. In this sense, such a company is very profitable because it sets strict standards for program design and user interface design, which is totally different from those of the Open Systems community.

Some organizations are trying to standardize the Unix programming interface.

In particular, Linux is fully compatible with the posix.1 standard. Security issues require long-term attention for IT administrators. Supervisors need a framework to reasonably evaluate the security of operation systems, including basic security, network security, and protocols, application Protocols, distribution and operations, validation, trusted computing, and open standards.

Regardless of the criteria used for Windows and Linux evaluation, there is a certain problem: each operating system has more than one version. Microsoft's operating systems include Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 Server, and Windows CE, while the Linux release version is based on the kernel (2.2, 2.4, 2.6) the differences are also quite different from those in software packages. The operating systems we use in this article are the current technologies rather than the "old" solutions.

 

 

2. What is Linux?
To put it simply, Linux is a free-of-charge and freely-spread Unix-like operating system, which is mainly used on intel X86 series CPU computers. This system is designed and implemented by thousands of programmers around the world. The purpose is to establish a Unix-compatible product that is free from the copyright of any commercialized software and is available worldwide. Linux was first introduced to a computer hobbyist named Linus Torvalds, who was a student at Helsinki University in Finland. His purpose is to design a replacement
Minix (an operating system teaching program written by a computer professor Andrew tannebaum, this operating system can be used on 386, 486, or Pentium processor PC, and has all the functions of the UNIX operating system, thus starting the design of the Linux prototype.

Linux uses itsEfficiency and flexibilityFamous. It can implement all UNIX features on PC computers and has the ability of multi-task and multi-user. Linux is a POSIX-compliant operating system that is obtained free of charge under the GNU Public License. The Linux operating system package includes not only the complete Linux operating system, but also text editor, advanced language compiler, and other application software. It also includes
The X-Windows Graphical User Interface of multiple Window managers allows us to operate the system using Windows, icons, and menus, just as we use Windows NT.

What is the difference between Linux and other operating systems:Linux can coexist with other operating systems such as MS-dos, OS/2, and windows on the same machine. It

They are all operating systems and have some commonalities, but each has its own characteristics and differences.

 

Currently, the operating systems running on PCs mainly include Microsoft's MS-dos, windows, and Windows

NT, ibm OS/2, etc. Early PC users generally use MS-DOS, because this operating system does not require high hardware configuration of the machine, and with the rapid development of computer hardware technology, the price of hardware equipment

The lower the hardware configuration, the easier it is to improve the computer hardware configuration.

Windows, Windows NT, and other operating systems with graphical interfaces. Linux is a new concern

Operating System, which is gradually accepted by PC users. Therefore, for Linux and other operating systems

What is the difference? The following two aspects are discussed.
First, let's take a look at the differences between Linux and MS-dos. Run Linux and MS-DOS on the same system

It is very common that MS-DOS does not fully implement the functions of X86 processor, and

Linux runs completely in the processor protection mode and develops all the features of the processor. Linux can

Directly access all available memory in the computer and provide a complete UNIX interface. While MS-DOS only supports

UNIX interfaces.
In terms of cost of use, Linux and MS-DOS are two completely different entities. And other commercial operating systems

MS-DOS is cheaper, and has a large share in PC users, any other PC

Machine operating systems are difficult to reach the popularity of MS-DOS, because the cost of other operating systems for the majority

PC users are not a small burden. Linux is free. You can

Other ways to obtain its version, and can be used at will, regardless of the cost. Just the Operating System

MS-DOS is a single task operating system once the user runs a MS-DOS Application

Program, it excludes system resources, and users cannot run other applications at the same time. Linux

Is a multi-task operating system. You can run multiple applications at the same time. Let's take a look at Linux and

OS/2, windows, and Windows NT.
From the development background, the difference between Linux and other operating systems is that Linux is a mature

The operating system developed, while other operating systems, such as Windows NT, are self-built and have no

Corresponding operating system. This difference makes Linux users greatly contribute from UNIX groups.

Profit. Because UNIX is one of the most widely used and developed operating systems in the world, it is 70 years old.

The multi-task System of the microcomputer and the giant machine developed in the middle of the generation, although the interfaces are sometimes chaotic

Relatively Concentrated standards, but it is still one of the most widely used operating systems. Whether it is

Both Unix authors and Unix users think that only UNIX is a real operating system.

3. First of all, you need to understand that Linux is not a Windows system and is not a software maintained by a commercial company.

,
There is only one package. Linux can be freely packaged. Anyone, a company
You can follow your own ideas, such as adding a feature, adding Chinese support, and making it a Linux. These
Although the core components of Linux are the same, the default configurations of the software they bring are different. Zone

Other
Is to use a Linux release (different Linux is called a different release). Maybe the hardware is well configured,
A variety of software can also be installed, and the other may be faster, and the other may be better to support Chinese. In short
If you don't have a free lunch, you may need to stay up late in Linux to get things that are taken for granted in windows.

.
Therefore, you must be very careful when selecting distribution from the very beginning, otherwise, because you just followed a magazine
If we get a Linux release, we will assume that all of them are the same and the installation will begin. When hard disk data is destroyed,
Or it will be too late when the network is not ready for use. I know windows is not a joke.
Installing the driver is just a few clicks, but in Linux, to drive a nic
It's not surprising-of course, I think it's worth it.

Therefore, which of the following should you choose in the face of so many Linux distribution?

The famous Linux distribution includes:
RedHat: Latest Version 6.2, 7.0 Beta. Because Redhat has been listed, it has gained a lot
Business Support, so it is very good in hardware and software compatibility. In fact, it is already Linux
Industrial Standards. Imagine if you are the boss of a vendor such as Oracle, you need
Develop a version for Linux, and different Linux dists need to be developed and maintained separately, so you can
Naturally, only one Linux instance can be identified.

Slackware (7.1 ). There have been many loyal users in some early Linux systems, but they are getting worse and worse now.

.

SuSE Linux, made by Germans, is very popular in Europe and has some driving advantages.

In addition, Debian, corellinux and other dists will not be introduced one by one.

In addition, you will see various "Chinese Linux" in the domestic media. Their main advantages include:
Chinese processing. However, as mentioned in the previous article, it is best to use Windows 2000 if you want to use Chinese. Actually
I think a senior in the 7-word class told me a good sentence: "(for US) reading on the computer

To
Chinese is a strange thing ". If you want to learn computers
You cannot avoid reading English documents. Even Microsoft documents, programming documents, the latest

Also
All are in English. Of course, BBS and Chinese Web pages can be used in the same way as English dists.

4. Differences between Linux and Windows

Like Linux, Windows is a fully multitasking operating system. They support the same user interface

, Network and security. However, the real difference between Linux and Windows is that Linux is actually a Unix

In addition, the contributions from UNIX are huge. What makes UNIX so important? Not only

For multi-user machines, UNIX is the most popular operating system and is the basis of free software.

. On the Internet, a large number of free software is written for UNIX systems. Many Unix plants

Therefore, Unix has many implementation methods. No individual organization is responsible for Unix distribution. Now,

There is a huge force to promote the standardization of the UNIX community in the form of an open system. Windo

The Ws series are specialized systems and are designed by the company's control interfaces for operating systems. In this sense

The company's profit is high because it sets strict standards for program design and user interface design, and

The placement system community is totally different. Some organizations are trying to standardize Unix programming interfaces.

. In particular, Linux is fully compatible with the posix.1 standard.

Security issues require long-term attention for IT administrators. Supervisors need a framework

Security, including basic security, network security and protocols, application protocols, and

Deployment and operation, validation, trusted computing, and open standards. In this article, we will compare

Compared with Microsoft Windows and Linux. The final qualitative conclusion is: so far, Linux provides

For Windows, there is only one exception (reliability ).

Regardless of the criteria used for Windows and Linux evaluation, there are certain problems: each Operating System

More than one version. Microsoft's operating systems include windows98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000.

Windows 2003 Server and windows

Ce, and Linux releases vary with the kernel (based on 2.2, 2.4, 2.6) and software packages.

There is a big difference. The operating systems we use in this article are all current technologies, not those "old"

.

Users need to remember that there is a philosophical difference between Linux and Windows. Windows Operating System

It tends to integrate more functions into the operating system and combine programs with the kernel.

In Windows, its kernel space has obvious limitations with the user space. Depending on the design architecture, the two

Can make the operating system more secure.

Basic changes in Linux and Windows Security

For users, the constant update of Linux and Windows leads to competition between the two. You can have

Your favorite system is also focusing on the development of competition. Microsoft seems to be more proactive-this

This is due to the industry's "sneer" incentive "and the continuous development of Linux. Microsoft will

S security changes. Microsoft will release Windows XP Service Pack 2 for Windows XP. This

The service package enhances the security of windows, disables many services that were originally open by default, and provides new

Patch Management tools, for example, to avoid getting too much useless information, warning services and enabling services

Disable. In most cases, disabling these features is good for enhancing system security, but it is difficult

Compromise between security and software functionality and flexibility.

The most notable performance is that Microsoft is more concerned with improving availability while enhancing system security. For example: 200

In the past three years, many Microsoft-targeted vulnerability attack programs have used executable files as attachments to emails (for example, my

Doom ). Service pack2 includes an attachment for executing services, such as outlook/exchange, Windows

Messenger and Internet Explorer provide a unified environment. In this way, the user's running status can be reduced.

Virus or worms are vulnerable to row files. In addition, disabling the enforceability of data pages also limits potential risks.

The threat of buffer overflow in. However, Microsoft uses the Windows XP Service Pack

2 does not modify the problematic architecture and secure transmission of windows, but rather handles this part.

To the user.

Microsoft focuses on application security. Enhanced in Windows XP Service Pack 2

Outlook/exchange and Internet

Explorer as the object. For example, Internet Explorer has a smart MIME type check,

Checks the content type of the target. You can check whether there are potential harmful programs in the content.

. But can this software distinguish viruses from colleagues' workbooks?

Another new feature of Windows XP Service Pack 2 is the ability to uninstall redundant plug-ins in the browser.

End users need to check and determine which plug-ins need to be uninstalled. Outlook/exchange can preview emails

Message, so you can delete the email before opening it. Security Enhancement and defense for another application

The firewall is started before the network protocol stack. For software developers, permission changes in remote process calls

Makes it difficult for codes with poor security to work properly.

Windows XP Service Pack 2 also provides many gorgeous new features for Windows users.

Still exist: will these features pose a burden to administrators or even end users? Is it adding W?

How does the security of indows Operating System Code make the system more complex?

Differences between Linux and Windows
Although there are some similarities, there are still some fundamental differences in the way Windows and Linux work.

These differences can be realized only when you are familiar with both of them, but they are the core of Linux thinking.

Heart.

Linux applications target networks rather than printing

When windows first appeared, the world was still a world of paper. Windows's great achievements

First, you can easily view and print your work results. Such a beginning affects Windows

Later development.

Similarly, Linux is also affected by its origins. Linux is designed for network operating systems. Its

The design is inspired by the UNIX operating system, so its command design is relatively simple, or compared

Concise. Because plain text can work well across networks, Linux configuration files and data

This is the basis.

For those familiar with the graphic environment, the Linux server may be relatively primitive. But Linux development

It focuses more on its internal functions than on the surface. Even in a text-only environment, Lin

UX also has advanced network, script, and security capabilities. Some superficial aspects required to execute some tasks

The strange steps seem confusing unless you realize that Linux is expected to be on the network

He runs these tasks collaboratively in Linux. The automatic execution capability of Linux is also strong. You only need to design a batch

File Processing allows the system to automatically complete very detailed tasks. This capability of Linux comes from its

The essence of text.

Optional Gui

Linux has graphical components. Linux supports high-end graphics adapters and displays, fully qualified for graphics-related

Work. Nowadays, many digital effect artists design their work on Linux workstations

The previous work needs to be completed using the IRIX system. However, the graphic environment is not integrated into Linux,

It is a separate layer running on the system. This means that you can only run the GUI or

Run the GUI. If the main task of your system is to provide web applications, you can stop the graphic interface.

Use the memory and CPU resources used for your service. If you need to do some work in the GUI environment

.

Linux provides graphical management tools and daily office tools, such as email and web browsers.

And document processing tools. However, in Linux, graphical management tools are usually

Line) tool extension. That is to say, all the work that can be done by using graphical tools can be done using the same Console Commands

Sample can be completed. Similarly, the use of graphical tools does not prevent you from manually modifying the configuration file. Actually

However

Can be completed in the form of a command line, which means that the work can also be implemented by a script. Foot

Local commands can be automatically executed. Linux supports both of these methods and does not require you

Only use text or GUI. You can select the best method based on your needs.

The configuration file in Linux is a human-readable text file.

But it is essentially different from the Windows registry mechanism in terms of thinking. Every application has

Has its own configuration file, and is usually not put together with other configuration files. However, most

The configuration files are stored in a single place in a directory tree (/etc), so it looks like they are logically

Yes. The text file configuration method allows you to complete the configuration file without using special system tools.

.

File name extension

Linux does not use file name extensions to identify file types. On the contrary, Linux recognizes files based on their header content.

Type. To improve human readability, you can still use file name extension,

It does not work. However, some applications, such as web servers, may use naming conventions.

To identify the file type, but this is only the requirements of specific applications, not the requirements of the Linux system itself

.

Linux uses the file access permission to determine whether a file is executable. Any file can be assigned

Executable permissions so that the creator or administrator of programs and scripts can recognize them as executable files.

This is conducive to security. The executable files saved to the system cannot be automatically executed.

Stop many script viruses.

Rebooting is the final means

If you have been using Windows for a long time, you may be used

To correct service faults) and reboot the system. In Linux, your habits need to be changed. Linu

X follows the Newton's law of motion in essence ". Once it starts running, it will remain running

External factors, such as hardware faults. In fact, the design of Linux makes the application

This will cause the kernel to crash, so you do not have to reboot frequently (relative to the Windows system design ).

In addition to the Linux kernel, you do not need to re-introduce the installation, startup, stop, and reconfiguration of other software.

Import system.

If you re-boot the Linux system, the problem may not be solved, and it will make the problem more

Worse. Learning and understanding the Linux service and running level is the key to a successful solution. Learn Linux

The most difficult thing is to overcome the habit of re-guiding the system.

In addition, you can remotely complete a lot of work in Linux. As long as some basic network services are running

You can access that system. In addition, if a specific service in the system has a problem, you

Other services can continue to run while performing fault diagnosis. When you run multiple

This management method is very important.

Command case sensitive

All Linux commands and options are case sensitive. For example, if-R is different from-R, different operations are performed.

Events. Console Commands are almost all in lowercase. We will go to "Part 1. Console crash course"

Provides a more detailed description of commands.

Extensive hardware support may be the most basic requirement of any popular operating system and an important aspect of scalability. The Windows operating system is indeed doing well in this aspect: on the one hand, the wide use of Windows makes any hardware vendor support windows as a standard platform when introducing new hardware, drivers are constantly updated for new Windows versions. On the other hand, a large amount of hardware support in turn promotes the further popularization of the Windows platform.
Linux hardware drivers are usually developed by users who need these hardware. the sharing of Linux can quickly provide drivers to commonly used hardware. These drivers need further support and help to overcome potential instability. As for some components that are not yet popular, such as a variety of USB devices, the development of their drivers will require more support to meet the needs of different users.
SMP (symmetric multi-processor) Support
CPU is the core part of the computer system. Whether or not it has good SMP support will directly affect the performance of large-scale applications.
The retail version of Windows 2000 Advanced Server supports up to four SMP lines, and the OEM version supports up to 32 SMP lines. The CPU support level is not changed compared with Windows 4.0, but the SMP implementation code is improved so that high-performance scaling can be performed more linearly. Windows NT Server 4.0 Enterprise Edition has achieved a record performance price level. With improvement in SMP scaling, this trend will continue in Windows 2000 Advanced Server and datacenter server. Performance improvement is the most significant in systems with eight or more eight designs.
Linux is committed to solving the SMP support in the core part to Improve the Performance of Linux in large applications. Although Linux is not designed for SMP, Linux Torvalds once said that the SMP evaluation performance of Linux is poor, but we expect these problems to be solved in the kernel of version 2.4, so that more schools or enterprises can use tested Linux to implement their core programs.
Cluster Support
Windows 2000 Server has powerful cluster functions. The reason Compaq was able to outshine all its opponents in the TPC-C competition recently was a huge cluster with 12 nodes and 96 processors, they run Windows 2000 Server.
Although Linux does not have an outstanding record in running key applications in the high-end system, Linux has also released many things in the cluster project recently, hoping that the Linux developer army can develop better cluster functions.
Support for specific computing environments
Make every system suitable for its own work, which is the system's support for a specific computing environment.
Microsoft has developed different operating systems to complete different types of tasks. Windows CE applies to small-sized handheld computers and laptops, Windows 95/98 and Windows 2000 Professional apply to desktop computers, and Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 server apply to large server applications. As a family of operating systems, Windows provides good scalability support for different working environments.
Since most of the available Linux platforms are in the initial development stage, the support for various computing environments will be the next goal of the Linux system.
Document Preparation
As we all know, as the system becomes more complex and more powerful, it is very important to compile a good document. This helps you understand and manage the system. Detailed documentation helps us master all its functions and features.
Microsoft usually provides in-depth and detailed documentation for its products, and has done a good job in the localization of documents. The documentation for Linux products provides further specifications.
Respondent: Cute xiaogangsi-trial level 1 9-6

1. In terms of system composition, Linux is an open source software, but windows is not. That means you can make any changes to the Linux system if you like it. This is something that Windows does not want to think about.
2. In terms of running stability. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, any program in Linux is relatively independent, even if gnome and KDE are independent. The software crash is only a software crash, rarely causing system paralysis (crash ). You only need to re-run the program. Windows? I don't have to say that. I have never seen anyone who crashes windows.
3. Linux is a real multi-user system. You can log on to multiple users. This is a prototype for windows, but it's just amazing.
4. Support for Chinese characters. Multiple versions of Windows have strong support for Windows. The font is also pretty. Although Linux also supports Chinese, many settings are required manually to fully support Chinese, but even if it is better. There is always a chance to see Chinese garbled characters (because almost every software has to set the font and character encoding ). In addition, Chinese fonts are annoying and not very nice. (Pretty is basically not open-source. PS: If you don't want to spend any money on the operating system, will you still buy several fonts. Of course there are also some pirated @ not the original intention of using Linux .)
5. For system updates, APT is currently the best choice for Linux, which is fast, common, and simple. And there is no risk of genuine verification. Windows is also good, but vulnerabilities are always faster than patches, not to mention I have never used genuine ones.
6. Security. In fact, this problem was also mentioned in the previous article. When we use Windows, anti-virus software, firewall, anti-spam software, anti-spyware occupy most of the system resources. But it is still difficult to prevent. Who has never been infected with viruses, Trojans, and rogue software?
Linux? Don't use these annoying things.
7. In terms of application software, although there are many software in Linux, there is really no way to compare it with windows. Who makes windows almost the name of the operating system.
8. In terms of ease of use, I feel that Windows is quite easy to use regardless of the interface, mouse operation, and file format in common windows, Mac, and Linux. Almost all other operating systems are being explored. Moreover, many Linux configurations are based on documents, that is, some configuration files need to be manually modified. For an old man like me, do you still remember the code of erchang tomorrow?
Almost one mouse in Windows can solve all problems. Haha
9. Summary: Of course, the advantages and disadvantages are far from enough.
For personal applications, use Windows. It is easy to learn and the information is good early.
If you want to learn more, use Linux, but be prepared for it! For a messy Linux version, you must remember that there are n solutions to the same problem, but there may be only one solution that suits you. Online materials are relatively scarce, relatively simple, and plagiarism is serious.
In Linux, I recommend Xinhua Linux, which is very good at Chinese culture (less annoying). The Forum is also doing well.