Widowed to the country

Chinese Version

Widowed to the country Mencius Original article:Liang Huiwang said: "Even if you are not a man in China, you can feel your ears with all your heart. When Hanoi is fierce, it is moved to the east of the river and to Hanoi. The same is true for Hedong. Observing the politics of neighboring countries is useless. The number of people in neighboring countries is not less, and the number of people is not more. Why ?" Mencius said, "the King is a war. When you fill in the drums, the army blade is connected, and the army is abandoned, or a hundred steps and then stop, or fifty steps and then stop. What should I do if I smile in fifty steps ?" Said: "No. ." Said: "If Wang knows this, there will be no more people than neighboring countries. When it is not against farming, the valley cannot win. The number of fish cannot go into the pool, and the fish cannot win. When you enter the forest, the wood cannot win. Grain and fish cannot win food, wood cannot win, is to make people health and death without regret. ." "Five acres of house, the tree to Sang, fifty people can wear your clothes. The birds of the species, no loss at the time, 70 people can eat meat; a hundred acres of land, do not seize the time, a few homes can have no hunger; please sort the instructions, in the sense of filial piety, the white do not wear the road. The 70-year-old man eats meat, and the LiMin is not hungry, but not king, not either ." "A dog eats food but does not know how to check it. When a person dies, he says: 'neither me nor the age. 'Why is it different from a hacker and kill it?' neither me nor soldiers. 'Wang is not guilty, and the people in the world will go to Beijing ." Translation:Liang Huiwang said: "It is a waste of effort to govern Liang Guo. When there was a famine in Hanoi, I migrated the people there to Hedong and transported the food from Hedong to Hanoi. The eastern part of the river is suffering from famine. I have visited the political affairs of neighboring countries, and no one is as dedicated as I am. However, the people in neighboring countries do not decrease as a result, and my people do not increase as a result. Why ?" Mencius replied: "If the King prefers war, let me use war as a metaphor. The war drums sounded in winter and winter, and when the blade was in touch, some soldiers threw their armor and dragged the weapons back to escape. Some people stop at Step 1 and some stop at step 50. Can the soldiers who ran fifty steps laugh and laugh at the last one hundred steps ?" "No. They didn't go to step 3, but they ran away ." Mencius said: "If the King understands this truth, do not expect more people than neighboring countries. If military service does not affect the season of agricultural production, the food will not be enough; if the dense fish network does not reach the deep Marsh to fish, the fish will not eat more; if you use an ax to cut down trees in the mountains by season, the wood will be useless. Food and fish can't eat enough, and the wood can't be used, so the people will have no regrets about the birth, death, and burial. The people do not regret the birth, death, and burial of the dead, that is, the beginning of the king ." "If you want to allocate five acres of homestead to the people and plant mulberry trees, then all people over 50 years old can wear silk. For livestock such as chickens, dogs, and pigs, the people can raise them at the right time, so the elderly over 70 years old can all eat meat. Every family has mu of farmland, and the government will not interfere with their production season, so the families of several people will not go hungry. Earnestly run the school well and repeatedly teach the common people with the principle of filial piety and respect for the elder brother. Then, the old man who needs to make a fortune will not carry or carry heavy loads on the road. People over 70 years old have silk, meat, and common people who are not hungry or frozen. This is a thing that has never been done before ." "What about Liang Guo now? The pig of rich families eats the food of the people, but they do not have to stop it; there are starving people on the road, but they do not open the granary to save. When the common people died, they said, 'This is not my sin, but because the year is not good. 'The difference between this statement and killing a person with a knife and saying, 'This is not what I killed but what a weapon killed? If the king fails to blame the year, then the common people in the world will rush to Liang Guo ."

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A dialogue between Mencius and Wang Liang huizang In the full text is the question of how to "increase the number of people.
First of all, let's take a look at the background: during the Warring States Period, the nations competed for power, and frequent wars resulted in a large number of migration casualties. At that time, there was neither a nationality system nor immigration restriction, so that people could freely find their favorite land. Which country is relatively stable, prosperous, and happy to move to that country as the subject. The number of people in a country is also a sign of stability and prosperity in a country. Therefore, all princes hope that their country's population will increase. Liang Huiwang is no exception.
The full text is divided into three parts.
Part 1: Liang Huiwang raised the question of "no more people. Liang Huiwang believes that he is "Listening to the country with all his heart". His argument is to help the nation with relief, and the government of the neighboring countries is as hard as the government of the neighboring countries, ". Therefore, raise questions. We will first try to analyze the dedicated national performance advertised by Liang Huiwang to help the people in disaster recovery. For a country, disaster relief is its most basic task, and almost no country does not provide disaster relief before natural and other disasters. In fact, it is impossible to provide disaster relief, and more importantly, to take all possible measures to prevent or reduce the occurrence of natural disasters and fundamentally solve the problem. Fundamentally solving the problem is to mobilize the enthusiasm of the people to the maximum extent and make them happy. This is of course a concrete manifestation of benevolent government. Liang Huiwang himself may indeed be devoted to disaster relief, but this is actually the best solution. However, the government of neighboring countries is indifferent. Maybe the government of neighboring countries does not really have Liang Huiwang's intentions. Maybe it is because neighboring countries have taken better measures or luck has not had too many natural disasters, as a result, there are not many actions to help people in disaster recovery. In any case, the result is that "the people in neighboring countries do not add less, but the people who are few do not add more ". Through analysis, we know that during the questioning process raised by Liang Huiwang, We have revealed the reason why we don't want to add more people. Therefore, Mencius solved the problem by trying his best.
Part 2: Mencius used his best use of the "" debate mode, analyzed the reason why Liang Huiwang "the people do not add more.
The so-called "attracting the king to the Internet" refers to the commonly used analogy reasoning in the debate, and after the metaphor, the opposite party is prone to difficulties and forced to answer, the other party does not answer, answer: it is a method of debate that falls into a passive embarrassment. In the face of the first part of Liang Huiwang's question, Mencius did not answer the reason directly, but set up another trap. In general, the war is used to compare the governance of the country, the defeat of the party to abandon the war to escape to compare the country that has not been well-governed, the escape of step 1 to the neighboring countries, and the escape of step 50 to compare Liang Huiwang. Then I asked the question: I only ran fifty steps and laughed at others for one hundred steps. How should I do? Forced Liang Huiwang to answer his question. Liang Huiwang said: No, but he did not go to step 2. This is also an escape. In this way, Wang Liang quickly jumped into the trap set up by Mencius, and admitted that he and the neighboring countries have no essential difference in politics. Therefore, we cannot add more people.
Part 3: discusses how to increase the value of the people-to implement benevolent government. This section discusses the basic approaches, fundamental approaches, and correct attitudes to promote the Benevolent Government and increase the value of the people in three levels.
The basic approach is to develop production and solve the problem of food and clothing for the common. At this level, Mencius used the form of "chain reasoning. It is the premise that we use the conclusions we have come up with, the new conclusions we have come up with, and the new conclusions we have come up. Mencius first launched the "grain cannot win food", "fish cannot win food", "wood cannot win food", and "wood cannot win food" from "when the farming is not against farming", "when the data volume is not in the pool", "when the axe is in the mountains "conclusion.
The premise is that "grain cannot win food", "fish cannot win food", and "wood cannot win, the new conclusion is "saving people's health and death without regret. The new conclusion "is to make people healthy and dead without regret" is used as the premise, and an updated conclusion "the beginning of the King" is launched ". This form of "chain reasoning" emphasizes that the implementation of Wang Dao should start from developing production and solving the most basic food and clothing problems of the people when they do not violate farming. During the discussion, the power of persuasion is enhanced and the art of Mencius is shown. This may be one of the reasons why Mencius's articles follow suit.
Fundamental approach: gradually improve people's material living standards and solve spiritual civilization problems. After solving the most basic problem of food and clothing, we must gradually improve people's material life. To develop the silk industry, let the fifty-year-old put on silk clothing; To develop animal husbandry, let the 70-year-old people can eat meat. We also need to fundamentally solve the problem, develop education, and let the filial piety be rooted in the hearts of the people, so that everyone can honor their parents and respect their elders. Isn't such a well-developed, simple, and happy society a pure land and a happy land? It is bound to "make all the masters of the world stand in the king's dynasty, all the tillers want to cultivate in the wild of the king, and all the merchants want to hide in the city of the king, and all the trips are for the painting of the King ", he Weimin does not add more!
Correct Attitude: Liang Huiwang, your wish is to "add more people". What is the situation in your country? The following is a clear contrast between Mencius and us: the pigs and dogs of rich families eat human meals, and the roads are full of hunger. This is really a "Chocolate wine smell, the road is frozen! In this case, you don't open the granary, Liang huizang, and the people starved to death, but said, "Not me, too ", this is different from killing people with weapons, but killing people is not what I am a weapon! Here, Mencius used the metaphor to criticize Liang Huiwang's shirking of responsibility. Finally, he pointed out the correct attitude of "adding more people to the masses" with great enthusiasm: Do not blame the New Year, and take specific measures to implement benevolent government. In this way, the people in the world will come to you.
In short, this article uses the debate method of "attracting the king to the Internet" to force Liang Huiwang to admit that he is "dedicated to the country", but is only temporary, not truly loving the people, there is no essential difference with the politics of neighboring countries. Also, in the form of "chain reasoning", he stressed that the implementation of the King's path should begin with the development of production, and the most basic problem of food and clothing for the people; it also pointed out that it is necessary to gradually improve people's material life level, accept education, and understand the righteousness of Filial Piety in order to solve the spiritual civilization problem, so as to bring people together and make the country flourish.