Windows fault recovery console instructions

The simplest use of the fault recovery console is to use the Windows installation CD (Windows2000/XP/2003) to boot the system.
The procedure is as follows:
1. Insert a Windows 2000 boot disk into a floppy drive, or insert a Windows 2000 CD-ROM
CD-ROM drive, and then restart the computer;
2. Follow the prompts and click to select any options required to start the computer from the CD-ROM drive;
3. When the "Welcome to setup" Screen appears, press the "R" key to start the fault recovery console;
4. If you are using a dual-boot or multi-boot computer, select the system path to be accessed from the fault recovery console;
5. ENTER the administrator password. If the administrator password is empty, press ENTER.
6. Go to the command line interface of the fault recovery console.

Then a restricted command line interface is displayed. On this command line interface, you can use the fault recovery console to enable and disable services, format the drive, and read and write data on the local drive, you can also perform many other management tasks. You can use the Recovery Console to copy files from a disk or CD-ROM to a hard disk to repair your computer, or reconfigure services that make your computer unable to start properly. To put it bluntly, it is limited because it does not support the functions of cmd.exe and additional command line programs, but only provides limited functions for core service operations of the system. Especially for security reasons, it is not allowed to modify, replace, overwrite, and reference files by default. This is why many people are very disgusted with this seemingly useless console. The following describes how to enable these limits.

After entering the fault recovery console, you can enter the recovery console commands or help to view all commands and help. For information about specific commands, you can use help commandname to view detailed information and command parameters.
To exit the Recovery Console and restart the computer, ENTER exit in the command prompt and press ENTER.

All commands supported on the Recovery Console:
Attrib delete fixboot md type
Cd dir fixmbr mkdir systemroot
Chdir disable format more
Chkdsk diskpart help rd
Cls enable listsvc ren
Copy exit logon rename
Del expand map rmdir



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The detailed command functions and parameters are as follows:


* ATTRIB
You can use the attrib command and any of the following parameters to change the attributes of a file or folder:
-R: Set read-only file attributes
+ R: resets the attributes of read-only files.
-S: Set System File Attributes
+ S: Reset System File Attributes
-H: set hidden file attributes
+ H: reset hidden file attributes
Note: You must set or clear at least one attribute. To view the attributes, use the dir command.


* BATCH
Batch inputfile [outputfile]
You can use this command to run the specified command in a text file. In the command syntax, inputfile specifies the text file that contains the command list to be run, and outputfile specifies the file that contains the output of the specified command. If no output file is specified, the output is displayed on the screen.


* CD and CHDIR
You can use the cd and chdir commands to change folders. Type cd .. to go to the parent folder. Type cd drive: to display the current folder in the specified drive. Enter a command without parameters to display the current drive and folder.
The chdir command uses spaces as separators. Therefore, the names of subfolders containing spaces must be enclosed in quotation marks. For example:
Cd "winntprofilesusernameprogramsstart menu"

The operation scope of the chdir command is limited to the system folder installed on Windows, removable media, root folder of all hard disk partitions, or local installation source.


* CHKDSK
Chkdsk drive/p/r

This command (where drive specifies the drive to be checked) checks the drive and repairs or restores the drive if necessary. This command also marks corrupted sectors and restores readable information.

The/p switch instructs the Chkdsk tool to perform a detailed check on the drive (even if the drive is not marked as faulty) and correct any detected errors. /R switch to find damaged sectors and restore readable information. Note: If the/r switch is specified, the/p switch is included. You can specify the chkdsk command without parameters. In this case, it indicates that the current drive does not have any switches. You do not have to accept the listed switches in order. The chkdsk Command requires the Autochk.exe file. Chkdsk automatically searches for this file in the startup folder. Generally, if the command console is installed in advance, the folder is the cons folder. If the folder cannot be found in the startup folder, Chkdsk will try to find the Windows CD-ROM installation media. If the installation media cannot be found, Chkdsk will prompt you to provide the location of the Autochk.exe file.


* CLS
You can use this command to clear the screen content.


* COPY
Copy source destination

You can use this command (where source specifies the file to be copied, destination specifies the folder or file name of the new file) to copy the file. Wildcards or folder copying are not allowed. When you copy a compressed file from a Windows CD-ROM, the file is automatically decompressed.

If destination is not specified, this command defaults to the current folder. If the file already exists, the system prompts you to overwrite it.


* DEL and DELETE
Del drive: path filename

Delete drive: path filename

You can use this command (drive: path filename specifies the file to be deleted) to delete the file.

The operation scope of the delete command is limited to the system folder installed on Windows, removable media, root folder of all hard disk partitions, or local installation source. The delete command does not accept wildcards (*).


* DIR
Dir drive: path filename

You can use this command (drive: path filename specifies the drive, folder, and file to be listed) to display the list of files and subfolders in the folder. The dir command lists all files, including hidden files and system files. The file may have the following attributes:

D-Directory R-Read-only file
H-Hidden file A-Files ready for archiving
S-System file C-Compressed
E-Encrypted P-Reparse Point


The operation scope of the dir command is limited to the system folder installed on Windows, removable media, root folder of all hard disk partitions, or local installation source.


** DISABLE
Disable servicename

You can use this command (servicename specifies the name of the service or driver to disable) To Disable Windows Services or drivers.

You can use the listsvc command to display all the appropriate services or drivers to be disabled. The disable command prints the old start type of the service before the service is reset to SERVICE_DISABLED. Therefore, you should record the old Startup type to re-enable the Service if necessary.

You can use the disable command to display the following Startup Type values:
SERVICE_DISABLED
SERVICE_BOOT_START
SERVICE_SYSTEM_START
SERVICE_AUTO_START
SERVICE_DEMAND_START


** DISKPART
Diskpart/add/delete device_name drive_name partition_name size

You can use this command to manage partitions on hard disk volumes.
/Add: You can use this parameter to create a new partition.
/Delete: You can use this parameter to delete an existing partition.
Device_name: You can use this parameter to specify the device name used to create a new partition. You can find the name from the output of the map command, for example, DeviceHardDisk0.
Drive_name: You can use this parameter to specify the drive letter-based name used to delete an existing partition, for example, D:
Partition_name: You can use this parameter to specify the partition-based name used to delete an existing partition. You can use this parameter to replace the drive name parameter, for example, DeviceHardDisk0Partition1.
Size: You can use this parameter to specify the size of the new partition (MB ).
NOTE: If no parameter is used, the user interface used to manage partitions is displayed.

Warning If the disk has been upgraded to a dynamic disk, this command may damage the partition table. Do not modify the Dynamic Disk structure unless you use the disk management tool.


** ENABLE
Enable servicename start_type

You can use the enable command (servicename specifies the name of the service or driver to be enabled) to enable Windows Services or drivers.

You can use the listsvc command to display all the appropriate services or drivers to be enabled. The enable command prints the old start type of the service before the service is reset to a new value. You should record the old value to restore the Startup Type of the service if necessary. The following startup types are valid:
SERVICE_BOOT_START
SERVICE_SYSTEM_START
SERVICE_AUTO_START
SERVICE_DEMAND_START


NOTE: If no new start type is specified, the enable command prints the old start type.


* EXIT
You can use the exit command to exit the console and restart the computer.


** EXPAND
Expand source [/F: filespec] [destination] [/y]

Expand source [/f: filespec]/d

You can use this command (where source specifies the name of the file to be expanded and destination specifies the folder of the new file) to expand the file.

Note: Wildcards are not allowed.
If destination is not specified, the current folder is used by default.

This command can use the following parameters:
/Y: if you do not want the system to prompt you before overwriting the existing file, use this parameter.
/F: filespec: this parameter is used if the source contains multiple files. You need to use this parameter to specify the specific file to be expanded. It can contain wildcards.
/D: if you do not want to expand a folder, use this parameter; it only displays the folders of the files contained in the source.
The target can be any folder in the current Windows installation system folder, in the drive root, in the local installation source, or in the javascons folder. The target cannot be a removable media. The target file cannot be a read-only file. You can use the attrib command to delete read-only attributes.

If you use the expand command and the target file already exists, the system will prompt you unless/y is used.


** FIXBOOT
Fixboot drive name:

You can use this command (where drive name is the drive letter in which the start sector is written) to write a new Windows Start sector code on the Start sector. This command fixes the failure of Windows Startup sector. The startup sector can also be repaired during the emergency repair process.