Windows Recovery Console

1.

The simplest use of the Recovery Console is to boot the system with the Windows installation CD-ROM (windows2000/xp/2003).

Use the following steps:

1. Insert the Windows 2000 Startup disk into the floppy disk drive or insert the Windows CD-ROM into

CD-ROM drive, and then restart the computer;

2. As prompted, click to select any options that are required to start the computer from the CD-ROM drive;

3. When the "Welcome to Setup" screen appears, press the "R" key to start the Recovery Console;

4. If you are using a dual-boot or multiple-boot computer, select the system path you want to access from the Recovery Console;

5. Type the administrator password, or press ENTER if the administrator password is blank.

6. Enter the Recovery Console command line interface.

It then enters a restricted command-line interface where you can use the Recovery Console to enable and disable services, format drives, read and write data on local drives, and perform many other administrative tasks. You can use the Recovery Console to copy files from a disk or CD-ROM to your hard disk to repair your computer, or to reconfigure a service that does not start the computer properly. It is limited because it does not provide complete cmd.exe and the ability to attach command-line programs, but only to provide limited functionality to the core Services operations of the system. In particular, for security reasons, modification, substitution, overwriting, and referencing of files are not allowed by default. This is why many people are very disgusted with this seemingly useless console and the big head. As for how to open these restrictions, explain them later.

After you enter the Recovery Console, you can enter Recovery Console commands or Help to view all commands and assistance; For information about specific commands, use Help CommandName to view details and command parameters.

To exit Recovery Console and restart the computer, type exit at the command prompt, and then press ENTER.

All commands supported in the Recovery Console:

attrib Delete fixboot MD type

cd dir fixmbr mkdir systemroot

chdir Disable Format more

Chkdsk DiskPart help Rd

CLS Enable Listsvc Ren

Copy Exit logon Rename

del expand Map RmDir

>>2. <<

The detailed command features and parameters are as follows:

* ATTRIB

You can change the properties of a file or folder by using the attrib command and any of the following parameters:

-r: Setting read-only file properties

+r: Resetting read-only file properties

-S: Set System file properties

+s: Resetting System file properties

-H: Set hidden file properties

+h: Resetting hidden file properties

Note: You must set or clear at least one property. To view properties, use the dir command.

* BATCH

Batch Inputfile [OutputFile]

You can use this command to run the commands specified in a text file. In command syntax, inputfile specifies a text file containing a list of commands to run, outputfile specifies the file containing the output of the specified command. If you do not specify an output file, the output is displayed on the screen.

* CD and CHDIR

You can use the CD and CHDIR commands to change the folder. Type the CD ... Indicates that you want to go to the parent folder. Type the CD drive: to display the current folder in the specified drive. Type a command with no parameters to display the current drive and folder.

The CHDIR command handles spaces as delimiters. Therefore, you must enclose a subfolder name that contains a space in quotation marks, for example:

CD "Winntprofilesusernameprogramsstart Menu"

The scope of the CHDIR command is limited to the system folders of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of all hard disk partitions, or the local installation source.

* CHKDSK

Chkdsk drive/p/R

This command (where drive specifies the drive to check) checks the drive and repairs or restores the drive if necessary. This command also marks the damaged sector and restores readable information.

The/P switch instructs the Chkdsk tool to perform exhaustive checks on the drive (even if the drive is not marked as problematic) and corrects any errors found. The/R switch looks for damaged sectors and restores readable information. Note that if the/R switch is specified, it is implied that the/P switch is included. You can specify a chkdsk command with no parameters, in which case it implies that the current drive is not with any switches. You do not have to accept the listed switches in order. The chkdsk command requires a Autochk.exe file. Chkdsk automatically finds this file in the Startup folder. Typically, if the command console is preinstalled, the folder is a Cmdcons folder. If the folder is not found in the Startup folder, Chkdsk tries to find the Windows CD-ROM installation media. If the installation media is not found, Chkdsk prompts you to provide a location for the Autochk.exe file.

* CLS

You can use this command to clear screen content.

* COPY

Copy source destination

You can use this command (where source specifies the file to be copied, destination specifies the folder or file name of the new file) to copy the file. Wildcard characters or folder replication are not allowed. When you copy a compressed file from a Windows CD-ROM, the file is automatically uncompressed.

If destination is not specified, this command defaults to the current folder. If the file already exists, you will be prompted to overwrite it.

* DEL and DELETE

del drive:path filename

Delete Drive:path filename

You can use this command (where Drive:path filename Specifies the file to be deleted) to delete the file.

The action scope of the Delete command is limited to the system folders of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of all hard disk partitions, or the local installation source. The delete command does not accept wildcard characters (*).

* DIR

Dir drive:path filename

You can use this command (where Drive:path filename Specifies the drives, folders, and files to be listed) to display a list of files and subfolders in the folder. The dir command lists all files, including hidden files and system files. The file may have the following properties:

D-directory r-read-only File

H-hidden file A-files ready for archiving

S-system file c-compressed

e-encrypted P-reparse Point

The dir command is scoped to the system folder of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of all hard disk partitions, or the local installation source.

* * DISABLE

Disable ServiceName

You can use this command (where servicename specifies the name of the service or driver you want to disable) to disable Windows system services or drivers.

You can use the LISTSVC command to display all the appropriate services or drivers that you want to disable. The Disable command prints the old startup type of the service before the service is reset to service_disabled. Therefore, you should record the old startup type so that the service can be re-enabled if necessary.

You can use the Disable command to display the following startup type values:

Service_disabled

Service_boot_start

Service_system_start

Service_Auto_Start

Service_demand_start

* * DISKPART

Diskpart/add/delete device_name drive_name partition_name size

You can use this command to manage partitions on a hard disk volume.

/ADD: You can use this parameter to create a new partition.

/delete: You can use this parameter to delete an existing partition.

Device_name: You can use this parameter to specify the name of the device used to create a new partition. The name can be found from the output of the map command, for example: DeviceHardDisk0.

Drive_name: You can use this parameter to specify the name of the drive letter that is used to delete an existing partition, for example, D:

Partition_name: You can use this parameter to specify the partition-based name used to delete an existing partition. You can use this parameter instead of the drive name parameter, for example: Deviceharddisk0partition1.

Size: You can use this parameter to specify the size of the new partition in megabytes (MB).

Note: If you do not use parameters, the user interface used to manage the partitions is displayed.

Warning: If the disk has been upgraded to a dynamic disk configuration, this command may damage the partition table. Do not modify the structure of a dynamic disk unless you use the Disk Management tool.

* * ENABLE

Enable ServiceName start_type

You can enable Windows system services or drivers by using the Enable command, where servicename specifies the name of the service or driver you want to enable.

You can use the LISTSVC command to display all the appropriate services or drivers that you want to enable. The Enable command prints the old startup type of the service before resetting the service to the new value. You should record the old values so that you can restore the startup type of the service if necessary. The following startup types are valid:

Service_boot_start

Service_system_start

Service_Auto_Start

Service_demand_start

Note: If you do not specify a new startup type, the Enable command prints the old startup type.

* EXIT

You can use the Exit command to exit the command console and restart your computer.

* * EXPAND

expand source [/f:filespec] [destination] [/y]

expand source [/f:filespec]/D

You can use this command (where source specifies the name of the file to expand, destination the folder that specifies the new file) to expand the file.

Note: Wildcard characters cannot be included.

If destination is not specified, the command uses the current folder by default.

The command can use the following parameters:

/y: Use this parameter if you do not want the system to prompt you before overwriting an existing file.

/f:filespec: This parameter is used if the source contains more than one file. You need to specify a specific file to expand using this parameter. You can include wildcard characters.

/d: Use this parameter if you do not want to expand the folder; It displays only the folders of the files contained in the source.

The destination can be in the system folder of the current Windows installation, in the root of the drive, in the local installation source, or in any folder in the Cmdcons folder. The target cannot be removable media. The destination file cannot be a read-only file. You can use the attrib command to delete read-only properties.

If you use the expand command and the destination file already exists, the system prompts you unless you use/y.

* * FIXBOOT

Fixboot Drive Name:

You can use this command (where drive name is the drive letter in which the boot sector is written) to write a new Windows boot sector code on the boot sector. This command fixes a problem that caused the Windows boot sector to be corrupted. The Emergency repair process can also repair the boot sector. This command overrides the write defaults for the system boot partition.

* * FIXMBR

FIXMBR Device Name

You can use this command (where device name is an optional device name that specifies a device that requires a new MBR) to repair the primary boot record (MBR) of the system partition. You can use this command if the virus has damaged the MBR and Windows cannot start.

Warning: If there is a virus or there is a hardware problem, this command may damage the partition table. This command may cause the partition to be inaccessible. Microsoft recommends that you run anti-virus software before you use this command.

The name can be found from the output of the map command. If this name is not, repair the MBR of the boot device, for example:

Fixmbr Deviceharddisk2

If FIXMBR detects an invalid or nonstandard partition table signature, it prompts you to agree to write again before the MBR is rewritten.

* * FORMAT

Format Drive:/q/fs:file_system

You can use this command (where drive is the drive letter of the partition to be formatted, File_system specifies the type of file system to use [FAT, FAT32, or NTFS]) to format the specified drive as the specified file system. You can use this command and the/q parameter to perform a quick format of the drive.

If no file system is specified, the existing file system format (if any) is used.

* * LISTSVC

The LISTSVC command lists all available services, drivers, and the startup type of the current Windows installation. You may need to use this command when using the Disable and enable commands.

Note: This information is extracted from the%systemroot%system32configsystem hive. If the SYSTEM hive is corrupted or missing, unpredictable consequences may occur.

* LOGON

Logon

When you use the logon command, a list of all detected Windows installations is displayed, and you are prompted for the local administrator password for the copy of Windows you want to log on to. If the login fails more than three times, the console exits and restarts the computer.

* MAP

Map arc

You can use this command (where the arc parameter tells the map command to use the ARC path instead of the Windows device path) to list the drive letter, file system type, partition size, and the mapping of the physical drive.

* MD and MKDIR

You can use the MD or MKDIR command to create a new folder. Wildcard characters are not supported. The scope of the mkdir command is limited to the system folders of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of all hard disk partitions, or the local installation source.

* More

More filename